THE JOURNAL OF VITAMINOLOGY
Online ISSN : 2185-2553
Print ISSN : 0022-5398
Volume 2, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
  • TOSHIRO KUBOYAMA
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 165-170
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. There is no change in the total thiamine contents of the egg during the course of incubation but there is a gradual transfer of thiamine to the embryo in the esterified form with development of the embryo. The quantity of thiamine in other parts gradually decreases and there is a marked decrease in the free thiamine parallel with development of the yolksac and allantois. The major part of the thiamine in the allantois including the allantoic fluid, is in the free form.
    2. In the embryo, thiamine is stored in the brain and muscle and there is a gradual transfer to the heart, liver and intestine. With increase in function of the latter organs, a sharp rise in the thiamine levels occurs.
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  • AKIJI FUJITA, HARUHIKO NAGASE, TSUYUKO KAWAGUCHI
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 171-176
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A procedure for determining a real vitamin A value in feces using chromatography is described. In the presence of much carotenoids in feces, it was found that a considerable amount of vitamin A appeared in petroleum benzine effluent and the method of determining real vitamin A in such cases was also described.
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  • KUNIE KANEDA
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 177-180
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The serum carotenoid level is markedly raised and the vitamin A level is decreased in the terminal stage of pregnancy. After parturition, however, this relationship becomes reversed. It is therefore suggested that the carotenoids present in colostrum are derived from serum carotenoids in the mother and this abnormality in the serum of the mother is due to disturbance in conversion of carotenoids to vitamin A arising from liver dysfunction.
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  • KOZO YAMADA, SHUNJI SAWAKI, EIICHI OGAWA
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 181-184
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Various factors such as diet. metabolic state of the whole body. especially blood circulation, and functions of the liver and kidneys, influence the excretion of PIC in urine which is assumed. in accordance with Schwartz (8), to have been chiefly formed from PAL by the aldehyde oxidase of the liver. However, judging from the experiments on AT inhibition, PIC formation from both PIN and PAM seems to take place mainly by some other route. Also it appears that urinary excretion of PIC is dependent, as in the case of other water-soluble vitamins, of the functions of the liver and kidneys.
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  • SHIGERU SHINTANI
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 185-192
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It was proved both by animal experiments and by bacterial growth that TXP showed an antivitamin B6 activity under conditions similar to those employed in the case of 4-desoxypyridoxine, a known antimetabolite of pyridoxine. That is, a typical symptom of vitamin B6 deficiency (acrodynia) was produced in rats with the aid of TXP. It was shown that TXP inhibited the growth action of pyridoxine in vitamin B6-deficient rats, whose body weight had stopped to increase. TXP was found to possess an antivitamin B6 action characterized by the abnormal metabolism of tryptophan. TXP inhibited the growth of S. carlsbergensis (IFO 0565), especially in the culture medium containing thiamine. The relationship between TXP and pyridoxine was competitive in a certain concentration range tested.
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  • KOZO YAMADA, TOSHIAKI MATSUNAGA, KOHEI KAWAGUCHI
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 193-199
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. Pyridoxamine markedly inhibited the development of resistance to streptomycin of avian tubercle bacilli.
    2. No effective substance capable of reversing the resistance of the streptomycin-resistant bacilli was found.
    3. No difference in virulence was observed among the sensitive strain, the strain in which the aquisition of streptomycin resistance had been inhibited by adding PAM, and the 1000γ/ml streptomycin-resistant strain.
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  • SHIN WATANABE
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 200-208
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. Examination of the riboflavin content of the 24 hour urine and blood of tuberculosis patients failed to show a significant statistical difference among the mild, moderately severe and severe cases. Ariboflavinosis could not be confirmed.
    2. Excretion of riboflavin in the urine following administration of the vitamin varied individually and the vitamin metabolism was found to differ in each individual.
    3. Cases were found among the tuberculosis patients in which an abnormally large quantity of riboflavin was continuously excreted in the urine. The vitamin excretion in the patient differed from that of tuberculosis patients in general. This large excretion ceased on administration of Aureomycin.
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  • IV. SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN B6
    MOTOTERU YANO, AKIJI FUJITA
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 209-215
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The following facts became clear in human experiments.
    1. When the diet is changed from an ordinary to a vegetable diet, the vitamin B6 content of the feces increases, the amount of PIC excreted in the urine increases and the quantity of the vitamin synthesized increases. The addition of cellulose to the vegetable diet results in a further intensification of this effect.
    2. When the diet is changed from an ordinary to a meat diet, the fecal vitamin B6 content, urinary PIC level and the amount of the vitamin synthesized decrease but with the addition of cellulose, these clearly show an increase.
    3. Together with the increase in synthesized vitamin B6 with the vegetable diet or cellulose supplementation, there is always an increase in urinary PIC, showing that the absorption of the vitamin B6 synthesized in the intestines is more marked than in the cases of thiamine and riboflavin.
    4. It is suggested that the greater synthesis of vitamin B6 with the vegetable diet, as compared to the meat diet, is mainly due to cellulose.
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  • KAZUKO MACHIDA
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 216-222
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. The concentration of insulin-like substance in the serum of alloxan-diabetic and thiamine-deficient mice is distinctly decreased as compared to the normal animal.
    2. The glucose uptake of the isolated mouse diaphragms is reduced in the alloxan-diabetic and thiamine-deficient animals. Administration of thiamine, however, restores the glucose uptake to normal values. In vitro supplementation of thiamine also has a marked enhancing effect on the uptake but differing from insulin addition, no promotion of glycogen production from glucose was observed.
    3. In vitro supplementation of thiamine distinctly reduces the insulinase activity of mouse liver but in vivo administration of thiamine has no effect. From the above results it is assumed that thiamine and insulin have not always the same site of action on carbohydrate metabolism but thiamine is synergic in secretion and activity of insulin.
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  • KIYOSHI UEDA, AKIJI FUJITA
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 223-226
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The production of anilinothiamine by Bacillus aneurinolyticus Kimura et Aoyama in the presence of both thiamine and aniline was confirmed by isolating the crystals and by comparing the elementary analysis and physical constants with those of the synthetic compound. The yield of the isolated anilinothiamine was not clear, because the pyrimidine moiety which is produced simultaneously absorbs remarkably at 245mμ, thus making the separate determination of anilinothiamine impossible. For isolating the crystals the application of ion exchange resin column chromatography was proved to be efficicient.
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  • KOJI KIMURA, AKIJI FUJITA
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 227-231
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    As the glycerol dichlorohydrin methods thus far reported did not give the proportional relationship between the vitamin A concentrations and optical densities with the Beckman Spectrophotometer, the condition was reexamined and an appropriate procedure was described. Cholesterol was proved to be practically without effect on the vitamin determination. Carr-Price method showed a fair proportionality between concentrations and optical densities.
    The plasma vitamin A levels of 6 healthy Japanese adults were determined both by GDH method and Carr-Price method and gave practically same values, i.e., 137±30 I.U. per 100ml.
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  • FUMITO SHIMOMURA
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 232-238
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. L. bifidus is a good synthesizer of thiamine.
    2. L. acidophilus synthesizes only a minute amount of thiamine.
    3. Unbranched strains of L. bifidus were never obtained.
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  • KEN-ICHI TORIGOE, TAKEO KINOSHITA
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 239-241
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In mice reared on a basal ration containing 5mg of TXP per 100g, increase in body weight was considerably suppressed.
    When the animals were fed with vitamin B6 deficient diet containing TXP, they gradually lost weight and died within 13-15 days.
    The symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency could be prohibited to some extent by administering the basal ration containing 0.1mg pyridoxine per 100g but not sufficient. When basal ration containing 6.6mg of pyridoxine per 100g was given, the weight loss and vitamin B6 deficiency symptoms caused by TXP were thoroughly prevented, and the animals manifesting the symptoms recovered.
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  • HIDEO IKEHATA
    1956 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 242-244
    Published: 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The destruction products of thiamine by B. aneurinolyticus were isolated in a crystalline form; 4 methyl 5 β hydroxyethylthiazole as picrate in the yield of 63per cent and 2 methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine in a free base in the yield of 41per cent. The latter was further identified as 2-methyl 4 amino 5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine hydrochloride.
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