Immunoreaction between cancer and cancer bearing body is remarkable especially in the cancer tissue. From this fact, cancer immunotherapy should be promoted using a method effective for the cancer tissue. Cancer patients whose cancer tissues have lymphocyte infiltration and lymph node reaction in the regional lymph node have good prognosis than those who have not. The infiltrating lymphocytes in the cancer tissue are detected as T-cells by immunofluorescent method and those are classified to T-cell subsets using monoclonal antibodies. In this paper, fluctuations of the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) after local immunotherapy using immunomodulators in the solid tumor are summarized and these changes are compared to the changes in the peripheral blood. Local immunotherapies of cancer using intratumoral injection or intraperitoneal injection of immunomodulators are also summarized concerning to the anticancer effects and the survival prolonging effect. Especially, the effectiveness of intratumoral injection of immunomodulators before surgery as preoperative immunotherapy is emphasized.

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It is experimentally known that antioxidants such as vitamin E (VE), selenium or ascorbic acid prevent chemical carcinogenesis in animals. Inhibitory effect of tumor growth was also reported by administration of VE into mouse whose serum level was maintained 2 to 3 times higher than normal value. The present study aimed to demonstrate the effect of VE at sufficient or deficient on tumor growth and host immune response, since host immunity is an important factor on tumor development.
CDF₁ mice were fed with VE deficient (d-α-tocopherol 0.16 mg/100 g diet, VE-D group) or normal diet (dl-α-tocopheryl acetate 20 mg/100 g diet) for their life-span since the animal was 4-week-old. VE sufficient diet (dl-α-tocopheryl nicotinate 585 mg/100 g diet, VE-S group) was also given for the same period. Serum VE level measured by HPLC was maintained 1.5 to 2.4 times higher than that of normal level in VE-S group. However those in VE-D group was found to be lower than 0.1 μg/ml. Low responses of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to PHA and LPS were found in VE-D group. After 1×10⁵ cells/head of Meth A fibrosarcoma were s. c. transplanted in 12-week-old mice, tumor size was measured every week. Rapid growth of tumor was observed in both VE-D and VE-S groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Their survival time was shorter in VE-D group. Based on these data, it was concluded that supplement of VE in this system had no tumor inhibitory effect, but VE deficient state was rather disadvantageous in tumor bearing host.

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There have been several reports that lymphocytes of human cord blood have poor functional properties because of their immaturity and/or the presence of suppressor cells. We studied here the in vitro effects of thymopoietin pentapeptide (TP-5) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) on cord blood T cells. Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry through the use of monoclonal antibodies after a 48 h culture period in TP-5 (optimal dose; 1μg/ml) and/or IL-2 (non-mitogenic dose used; 1% vol/vol). OKT 8-positive cells were significantly decreased after treatment in combination with TP-5 and IL-2. But there were no changes in the propotion of OKT 3-, T4-, T11- and Ial-positive cells. Poor helper activity of cord blood T cells, which was examined by enhancing activity of immunoglobulin-production of normal adult non-T cells stimulated by pokeweed mitogen, was enhanced to a significant level of IgG production after treatment in combination with two agents. Crude IL-2 activity was reevaluated through the use of recombinant IL-2.

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In order to evaluate the clinical spectrum of MCTD, we analysed clinical features of our 77 patients with various kinds of connective tissue diseases (CTD), SLE, PSS, PM•DM and UCTD, appling to criteria for MCTD proposed by the Research Committee of ministry of Health and Welfare. Twenty five patients fulfilled this criteria.
These 25 patients were classified arbitrarily into homogeneous and dominant•overlap type according to satisfactory of their clinical findings for criteria of each connective tissue disease.
Homogeneous MCTD unsatisfying criteria of any CTD seemed to be different from dominant•overlap MCTD satisfying one or more criteria of CTD as follows: Ages of patients with homogeneous MCTD were more older than those of dominant•overlap MCTD. In homogeneous MCTD, lymphadenopathy, lung fibrosis, mild muscle involvement and sicca syndrome were more frequent in addition to Raynaud's phenomenon, swollen hands and joint involvement. On the other hand, in dominant•overlap MCTD, facial erythema, skinsclerosis and severe muscle involvement were more frequent with other anti-nuclear antibodies besides anti n-RNP antibody.
In clinical course of MCTD patients with both types, symptoms became less and weaker.In general, symptoms of PSS remained.
From these observations, MCTD patients could be classified into subgroups; homogeneous and dominant•overlap, according to their satisfactory of diagnostic criteria of SLE, PSS or PM•DM.

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A mechanism of the decrease in polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in a patient with multiple myeloma of Bence-Jones type was investigated by measuring Ig synthesis in vitro by mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates. The levels of IgG, A and M in the serum were 579, 37 and 9 mg/dl, respectively. The lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were normal in number and no myeloma cells were found in the Giemsa stained preparation. Ig synthesis by peripheral mononuclear cells was slightly decreased because of the increase in suppressor activity in T cell fraction. Ig synthesis by mononuclear cells from the bone marrow specimen was decreased, approximately to one tenth of the normal controls. Co-culture of the patient's T and B cells with counterpart lymphocytes from a normal donor revealed increase in suppressor activity in T cells in peripheral blood and decrease in bone marrow B cell function in response to T cell stimulation. Considering these results, low levels of Ig in the serum in this patient were considered to be caused mainly by impaired synthesis of Ig in the bone marrow.

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Normal human adult lymphocytes were cultured with IFNs (α, β, and γ) in different concentrations and at culture times. The cells', supernatants' beta 2-m were measured by enzyme immunoassay. It was found the both beta 2-m were increased dependent upon in the culture IFN doses. The increasing percentages of beta 2-m was different for each IFN. The maximal expression of the cells' beta 2-m was observed for 24-48 hours after IFN treatment, in the IFN, maximal expression of cells' beta 2-m was for 24 hours. In the case of IFN-γ-cells' beta 2-m, they increased higher in the period of 96-hour culture. The increasing rate of beta 2-m with IFN-γ was higher than the IFN-α, β. It is supposed that beta 2-m is a useful new marker against cells' active condition.

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Nuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP) was prepared from rabbit thymus extract by the ultracentrifugation and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Immunoglobulin class of anti nRNP antibody was measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the measurement of IgA anti nRNP antibody, IgG of serum samples was removed by absorption with Sepharose 4B conjugated with goat anti human IgG antibody. Both IgG and IgA anti nRNP antibody levels were markedly reduced by the massive corticosteroid therapy and gradually recovered in accordance with tapering of corticosteroid dose. Highly elevated levels of IgA anti nRNP antibody were demonstrated in patients with sicca complexes, suggesting IgA anti nRNP antibody might be related with exocrine disturbances presnted in Sjögren's syndrome. IgM anti nRNP antibody was not detected in any case of patients in present study.

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In the previous paper, we described a report of successful fetal liver transplantation in a 20-month-old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency. In Japan, he is the first case of severe combined immunodeficiency, whose immunity was successfully reconstituted after the transplantation.
In this paper, we reported his clinical course and alteration of the immunity after the transplantation.
Though the serum immunoglobulin remained very low until his death, the immunological examinations in vitro and in vivo indicated that the cellular immunity was well reconstituted. He discharged 14 months after the transplantation and lived almost uneventfully for a year, while he has been suffered from recurrent bronchopneumonia since 27 months after the transplantation. At the same time, the peripheral lymphocytes showed decreased responses to Con A and PHA. Fifty months after the transplantation, he died of bronchopneumonia. The autopsy revealed generalized cytomegalovirus infection in most of the organs.
The transplanted fetal cells were still found in the peripheral blood comfirmed by chromosomal analysis just before his death. The thymus histologically showed marked involution, associated with conspicuous decrease of Hassall's bodies or thymic lymphocytes. The spleen and lymph nodes revealed the normal architecture on light microscope, associated with rare follicular formation.

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We examined CR 1 on the red blood cell in the patients with primary glomerulonephritis using immune adherence haemagglutination (IAHA) method, and we found 2 patients of Mesangiocapillary Glomerulonephritis (MCGN) with CR 1 deficiency on the red blood cell. The two patients were Nephrotic syndrome. One patient's serum was found to contain anti Nuclear antibody (ANA), and C3 Nephritic factor (C3NeF) causing hypocomplementaemia was detected in the other patient. The deficiency of CR 1 was found in one of the parents of both these MCGN patients. It is thought that the cause of CR 1 deficiency on the red blood cell is hereditary and that it might be influencing the pathogenesis of these MCGN patients.

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We have experienced a female case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with pulmonary embolism without other thrombosis. On admission, she complained of cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. Blood gas analysis revealed decreased level PaO₂ (57.7mmHg), PaCO₂ (36.6mmHg), and large defects of right upper and right lower lung field, left lower lung field were showed on chest scintigram. On RI angiography of lower extremities, no thrombosis of venae was found. Lupus anticoagulant was not detected, but coagulation system including PTT was within normal range. After thrombolytic therapy with heparin, urokinase, warfarin, PaO2 level and chest scintigram improved. It is well known that pulmonary embolism is associated with other thrombosis thrombophlebitis, abnormal coagulation system, in a SLE patient. but we found no other complication in this patient with pulmonary embolism.

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A case of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) associated with pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, Sjögren syndrome and Hashimoto thyroiditis was described. The patient complained of dyspnea on effort and a severe cough. We administered prazosin and prednisolone (PSL) on the basis of a diagnosis that the dyspnea and cough observed in this patient resulted from pulmonary hypertension. These subjective symptoms were remarkably improved after such treatment. It was suggested that the treatment with prazosin and PSL may be effective for the improvement of respiratory symptoms in patients with MCTD associated with pulmonary hypertension.

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