[in Japanese]

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This paper discusses the practice of packaging waste prevention of meat by retailers. We had some results as follows. 1) There are various type of meat sold with plastic bag package and the material of bag is also various, 2) Some retailers told that the extra works were demerits, but they also said they were not major problems. On the other hand, we found some merit like cost reduction and increase of customers. 3) As for the chicken thigh, ratio of meat in plastic bags is about 15 to 30 percents. This indicates consumers accept the meat in plastic bags to some extent. 4) Reasons not to buy meat in plastic bags every time are; only buying them cheap at a sale, only buying them at bulk buying, being sold out. 5) Total weight of plastic bag and their attached materials is arround 2 g, and that of PSP tray and their attached materials is arround 6 g, in our samples. Calculated reduction rate of disposed packaging waste is 6 to 52 percent per a package.

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In Japan, the ideals of establishing sound material-cycle society were published, but waste reduction measures are not fully deployed. In Korea, waste minimization policies were introduced in both principle and practice. What brought the differences of the two countries? For explaining this question, this paper focus on political opportunity structures of environmental policy communities. The paper attempts comparative analysis of political opportunity structures of 1) ministry of Environment, 2) civil societies, 3) municipal waste treatment/recycling entities. As a result, influence of the Ministries of Environment, the political opportunity structure of environmental groups, the political influence of labor unions responsible for waste treatment were found to be completely different.

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This study examined multifunctional evaluation about the effects of the rule change of collection system for waste and recyclable materials in household in Sapporo. Sapporo City implemented the rule change including not only a charge on household waste but also separated collection of the papers called "Zatsugami" and waste from garden. Consequently, Sapporo has succeeded in reducing the waste, at this moment. However, increase of Zatsugami and incorporation of cardboard into Zatsugami causes problems. As for cost, the new rule did not aim to reduce financial deficit. Both increase and decrease factors have been pointed out. However, they succeeded in intermission of one incinerator and decided not to build new incinerator, which is estimated saving 37,000 million yen. In addition to the new rule itself, the process of implementation of the new rule should be focused. There were many opportunities for citizen participation before and after decided the plan. Furthermore, Community meetings were held more than 2,700 times for the explanation of the new rule and 130,000 residents attended there. Sequential survey showed that opportunities of citizen participation and the efforts of city administration to communicate with citizens influenced social acceptance.

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[in Japanese]

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A detailed composition analysis of household waste, with emphasis on waste avoidance and recycling, was carried out in Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, which is a typical suburb of Kuala Lumpur. Four survey neighbourhoods were selected, based on housing types (bungalow, terraced, and flats). In total, 1005kg of waste from 282 households were sorted into 120 categories. At the same time a questionnaire survey was conducted to gather information on household size, recycling activities, cooking habits etc. The results indicated a clear difference in waste generation between the housing types. The average composition showed that the percentage of packaging waste in waste is less then that of Japan or Europe, both in terms of weight and volume. It was also shown that the percentage of plastic packaging added at the retail stage was much greater than that in Japan or Europe. It could be pointed out that "unused food" and "disposable diapers" are the largest items that consumers could reduce. The average recycling rate of household waste was 6.5%. Potentially, about 23% of waste could be recycled. Old newspaper is thoroughly collected for recycling, but some kind of government intervention is desired to promote the recycling of other items.

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In Fukushima University Cooperatives, lunchboxes easy to recycle are used, however, they were disposed. Therefore, we set up the boxes for collecting them and considered the effect of the boxes. The overview of setting up the boxes and the consideration of the effect are shown.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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In order to reduce plastic bag in the city of Musashino, it set the committee on reducing plastic bag that represents business, citizenry, and administration sector. The committee discussed the present state and problems of plastic waste and did various tests to find realistic and practical tools that jack the total declining level of plastic bags up in the city. In conclusion, the committee proposed the basic plastic bag reduction policies to the Mayor. They include 60 percent total declining rate goal, store-type mix concept that participates many and various retail stores addition to supermarket stores, and the importance of saying to their customers - Do you need a bag? - by cashers. Especially, our proposal stressed the good tripartite relationship, that is, real cooperation of all retail businesses, all the citizens, and city administration

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[in Japanese]

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The investigation of actual status on the combustible waste bag with "pay-as-you-throw" system was done at one district in Fukuoka City, and the behavioral manner on waste set-outs, especially the seasonal variation was clarified. As a result, the number of households that use the waste bag with 30L and 15L of capacity has increased when putting it in summer season. However, the percentage of such households was little, and was limited to the households that had from 0.8 to 1.0 (kg/household/day) of waste generated. Therefore, it depends on their own unit amount of waste which capacities of waste bag each household selected. Furthermore, the impact of "Seasonal variation" on use of waste bag and waste set-outs depends on the distribution of the unit amount of waste concerning the waste.

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[in Japanese]

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The waste fee system on household solid waste was introduced in Okayama City on February 1, 2009 in order to promote the reduction and recycling of household solid waste and to ensure the fairness of the equality with regards to the beneficiaries of the waste discharge. This study aimed to conduct the questionnaire surveys for citizens in Okayama city before and after the introduction of the discharge fee system, and to clarify the changes of citizens' behaviors and consciousness by this system.

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[in Japanese]

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I estimate the number of a waste PC disposed of through many distribution channels in Japan in 2008. Except the collection number of a waste PC that PC vendors already announced, the number of a waste PC collected through other routes is estimated based on a hearing investigation of the person concerned and a web investigation of consumer PC users. In 2008, 72% of business PC that lease or rental ended was returned to the lease or rental company, and an industrial waste collection company collected 66% of the PC which a corporate user had possessed but disposed of. 26% of the household PC was handed over to a second user gratis, and the other household PC was disposed of by a household appliance general merchandising store, a used PC store or a waste household electrical appliance collection person going round the town by car, etc. The portion of a waste PC domestically recycled was 28% and as the reuse ratio rose by recession, almost the same volume of waste PC was domestically reused. Further, from the surge of the foreign resources demand, the ratio of a waste PC exported abroad went up to 35%.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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While the Waste Management Law provides for wide-area treatment of industrial waste because of residents opposition to new facilities construction, many prefectures and cities have in place various measures to discourage or restrict inflow of industrial waste because such in-bound waste at times ends up illegally dumped. The Alumni Association of IWBS, here represented by the authors, reviewed the present situation of such local government guidance nation-wide, identified problems and offer some recommendations for improvement.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Nowadays about 5% of industrial wastes (22 million ton) are not recycled. One reason of this problem is that are unavailable for the factories to look up an optimal process flow. Thus this study aims to develop a technology database of treatment process, cost, energy consumed, and environmental loading of the process for industrial waste so that the most efficient and environmental-friendly process flow can be easily searched. Microsoft Excel is used to establish the platform of the database and to develop the interface of data input. Further, estimation formulas can be performed in this database system and parameters for advanced evaluation can be easily queried. By this developed system, after inputting the initial values of a processing, the whole flow the list of process flow candidates will be shown and the comparisons between the theoretical output and actual measurements can be performed. Further, advanced financial and environmental evaluation of the interested process can be achieved.

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[in Japanese]

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Japan and Korea is similar to low degree of food self-support and normal attitude to 3R policy.However, if you see details,there are differences in process and result of policy for food wasre recycling.In this study, citizen`s attitude to food waste recycling in Japan and Korea was surveyed,compared and analyzed. Specifically,the results of citizen survey in Nagoya and Yong-in city were compared with each other. The results of survey showed that there was a big difference in question 4 about acceptance for construction of food waste recycling facilities between Nagoya and Yong-In city. More than 87% of citizens of Yong-In agreed to construct food waste recycling facilities. Actually,many food waste recycling facilities were already constructed in Yong-In,and this could be done because citizen opinion has reflected in food waste recycling policy.Citizens attitude to food waste recycling in Nagoya and Yong-In were different and it affected the policy of food waste recycling

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[in Japanese]

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Now, sustainable management needs an action of all companies and the practice of the participation type environmental education for all employees. I succeeded in achieving big result when the teaching materials which named an environmental association game was practiced in NEC group company. I had reaction that I was interesting for the environmental association game, and there seems to be some hints of the approach of the environmental education to the people who are indifferent to environmental problems.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Objectives of this study are to systemize 3R related knowledge and information from the view points of both idea and practice, to demonstrate the environmental education program, and at the same time, develop the social behavior modeling. About 3R leader's activities, we developed and tried the support program for 3R leasers to act in the local community. Some needs and possibility can be found from this trial. We must systemize and develop the lifelong education system for 3R activities and movement using these models and trials

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With the trash box at the station, the trash box of plural classification types is installed, and classification is active, but there are the problems that exploitation of resources does not advance to not much rigidness as for the classification action of the user. In this research, designing the new trash box against this problem and performing a social experiment for classification promotion have done. At first hearing to three well-informed people is done, and any kind of trash box conducted whether it was desirable investigation from the viewpoint of garbage classification. Based on this hearing investigation, the trash box design specifications are decided. The improvement of a trash box installed in each station as a society experiment. Three types of the trash box; transparence type, new design type, and traditional type are investigated whether there was a difference for the classification action of the user.

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[in Japanese]

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The emission rate of waste by disaster (disaster waste) is enormous, and there are many kinds of the disaster waste. Thus, it is important to make the plan for practical treatment of disaster waste. If it is not treating appropriately, the disaster waste is not only becoming a weak point on restoration and revival of disaster, but there is also a possibility of causing the environmental pollution with disaster waste after the restoration and revival of disaster. The tentative waste storages have been opening while disaster waste are treated and disposed. However, there are several problems of the establishment of the tentative waste storage, so it is difficult to make the plan on waste treatment at disaster. Therefore, we should predict the amount and quality of disaster waste properly; make the method to select appropriate storage site; and establish the clauses of standard for tentative waste storage. In the future, such efforts have to be done immediately, on the viewpoint of the precaution.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Japan is one of the countries experiencing the most serious flood disasters in the world. In recent years, flood disasters resulted from intensive heavy rainfall events occur frequently, leading to a lot of victims. When such flood disaster occurs, a large amount of flood disaster waste, e.g. household goods, would be discharge from flood-damaged houses. Hence, in this sense, a lot of problems would happen, such as disordered waste collection and transportation activities and the insufficient emergent capability of waste treatment facilities, etc. However, to conduct quick and proper waste collection and transportation programs, firstly the estimation of flood disaster waste discharge is required. Therefore, take one past flood event in Kurashiki City as a case study, this research conducted a questionnaire survey, estimated the amount of its flood disaster waste discharge based on the survey results in support of waste collection, transportation and treatment actions, and consequently examined the reproducibility of the flood disaster waste discharge process.

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[in Japanese]

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The accident happens frequently in waste disposal facilities. The facilities design is being requested more safety while the recycling system advances. Then, safety design analysis technique SAD(Safety design analysis with database) for enabling the evaluation of safe, economical design is developed by effectively using the accident cases that quantitatively arranges specialists' technology, and occurred in the past. In this report, we show the upgrade of SAD and SAD application. The SAD application can evaluate all processes from the evaluation of the technology that evaluates safety to the examination of the safety technique automatically referring to the Accident Trouble Hiyarihatto Data Base and the safety technique data base.

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