[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Ratio of the used clothes amoung purchased ones was about 20 per cent by this survey. After showing envrionmental impact of clothes, the ratio increased about 20 per cent. The other major results of this survey were as follows;
1) Ratio of those who purchase used clothes is 24%, that of those who have not purchased them about for some years is 12%, and that of those who have not yet purchased them is 64%.
2) More pro-environmental people have purchased used clothes. However, some of those people have not purchased them for some years.
3) Fifties, those who have not purchased used clothes for some years, and those who often read articles on environment respond to increase purchasing used clothes more after showing environmental impact of clothes.
4) Those who purchase used clothes have a tendency to purchase new clothes.
5) Twenties purchase more new clothes, and have intention more to decrease purchasing new ones after showing environmental impact of clothes.

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Providing information to citizen might be one of effective methods in order to reduce the amount of waste. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of waste information providing method then expand it to the resident in order to reduce municipal waste discharge.In order to achieve this goal, the questionnaire surveys were conducted. Firstly, the information of 11 detailed factors related to waste were given then, the citizen were asked to evaluate them from the waste reduction point of view. Secondly, three representative elements about information provision were chosen, which are information contents (cost, promoting sense of waste crisis, expressing result of efforts); ranges (city, town or household); and frequencies (every month, every 6 months or every year). Then, each element was combined one by one and combined together using conjoint analysis method. Additionally, all the respondents were arranged in the sequence of references. The results of the survey verified that among 11 factors, the information of available remaining capacity of final disposal sites is more important than others. The survey also revealed that the most effective way of information provision to reduce waste discharge from household is to provide information which can stimulate sense of crisis from the shortage of landfill capacity in towns in the period of every 6 months.

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[in Japanese]

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To investigate the influence of river outflow on the amount of litter washed ashore, we analyzed our monthly monitoring data in Tottori Prefecture.  Due to the surface flow of river water carrying the litter from the drainage basin, Japanese litter was significantly more abundant on beaches near river mouths, whereas litter of foreign origin was less abundant on such beaches.  As the amount of Japanese litter is roughly inversely proportional to the distance from the river mouth, we can estimate that nearly half of the Japanese litter originated from within the river basin. This estimate was supported by analysis of addresses printed on advertising lighters washed ashore.  Similarly, based on the addresses on lighters, the Japanese litter on the beaches was found to originate from an area from Nagasaki to Tottori Prefectures.  Despite the fact that almost half of the total Japanese litter originated from the local river basin, only approximately 3% of the population of this area lives in the river basin, indicating that litter from river mouths strongly tends to stagnate in local coastal areas.  The most effective method for reducing litter on local beaches is therefore to reduce the amount of litter dumped in local river basins.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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We estimated the economic impact to paper tube recycling.  Almost half of paper tubes were disposed and burned in Japan.  Our material flow survey revealed that 320 thousand ton of paper tube was produced in Japan and 180 thousand ton was burned.  Paper tube wastes were produced from limited source.
The estimation result showed that the paper tube industry would have 1.25 billion yen of economic benefit with the 'green' paper tube technology.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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On landfill sites of industrial waste in Japan, the authors collected manifest,weight of waste , volume, and composition.As a result, the information listed in the manifest is often inaccurate, for the statistics in order to be certain this is any measures need to be taken.In addition, the current weight conversion factor, it has been used to convert volume of industrial waste into weight, has been found to be necessary to reconsider.

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In order to depict the complex regional waste biomass flows at a glance and to account emissions from the regional system, we collected data on flows, compiled those in the database in the Kochi Prefecture and we designed the PIOT for data analysis. Specific features of our PIOT are; the household, the landfill and the deposit and stock were included in the intermediate demand, and energy consumption and production were arranged in the margin of the table. Preliminary PIOT in wet weight basis was presented.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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 This paper introduces an economic model producing the optimal choice between the emission of the used small home appliances thrown to the boxes set in the city and the one picked up as the part of the inflammable garbage. The results depend on several parameters, and this analysis only shows the possibility of the unusual change in the amount of used products charged and picked up by increasing the opportunity cost for bringing them to the boxes.

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Enormous waste treatment facilities, construction costs associated with annual maintenance costs will grow gradually to is known as the decrepit facility maintenance costs also.
However, numerical evidence not about the renewal of the facilities so far have been determined as customary. We intended to build the current best time to update facilities by analyzing them to take advantage of accounting date of the municipality in this paper model. Also went to derive methods in the future our model 1 case verification to generalize and find out optimal renewal time of the facility easily and intended to.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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The characteristics of new evaluation method on psychological burden of sorting work for recyclables, which combines psychometric methods with economic appraisal methods, were clarified by the comparative examination of the two results of both questionnaires on the new evaluation method and on the conventional contingent valuation method. As a result, the evaluation results of contingent valuation method differ greatly with respondents, while there was small difference in case of the new evaluation method. Moreover, the more respondents feel troublesomeness for sorting works, the larger the costs of opportunity loss are calculated. The value of the cost of opportunity loss was 340 yen and the willingness to pay was 3 yen in case of the question “bringing PET bottles to supermarkets and throwing it into the collection box”

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Kamikatsu-town, Tokushima is known by "34 Separation" , "zero waste declaration", etc. as an advanced local government. In the waste management policy of Kamikatsu-town, especially "34 Separation" gives a strong impression. However, about realizing such "34 Separation", explanation "It is because it is a small local government.", the text which asks morals for a reason exists. However, I cannot think that explanation which is persuasive only with a local governmental scale and morals has been performed. In this report, the system of the "carrying-in system" in Kamikatsu-town and its history are observed. Furthermore, "kurukuru-shop" which employed the characteristic of "carrying-in system" efficiently is described, moreover, it points out that a systematic problem exists in the waste management policy of Kamikatsu-town. 

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A new evaluation method of psychological resistance for correct sorting and collection of PET bottles was developed. After 32 reference works were designed, this method quantified psychological resistance to do reference works as relative Z-value, and then converted relative Z-value to monetary value for direct comparisons to other psychological resistances. Psychological resistance of reference works evaluated by monetary value was defined as necessary money to purchase products and/or services to alternate reference works. Monetary-base psychological resistance had positive correlation with relative Z-value. Reference works were categorized to three groups to give the log-linearity in each group. On group included works that requested time and effort. On the other hand, reference works included in the other groups could be alternated to appropriate products/services. For some works in PET bottle sorting and collection, monetary-base psychological resistance were always quantified higher than their willingness to pay. 

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This study focused on the potential for waste reduction and recycling by 3R promotion measures such as raising information awareness, raising pro-environmental attitudes, upgrading collection service, and strengthening external pressure for citizens. The authors implemented a questionnaire survey in Okayama city, and surveyed the status of citizens' behavior, attitudes, and information awareness relevant to 3R of municipal solid waste (MSW). The authors found that 4 major factors, "Information awareness," "Pro-environmental attitude," "Recognition of Burden," and "External Pressure," were predictors on 3R behavior, and sensitivity analyses of the models were carried out to estimate the increase in citizen participation rate achievable through the implementation of various political measures. The authors also conducted a monitor survey for households in Okayama city on waste generation amount, and calculated the unit waste generation amount per person by detail waste/recyclable categories. By the integration of results on the increase in citizen participation rate by 3R promotion measures and the unit waste generation amount by detail waste/recyclable categories, the authors estimated the expected increase in recycled amount and the expected waste reduction amounts by each promotion measure.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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In home appliance recycling system, informal collections are considered as the source of many problems, such as losses and/or dispersion of recycling potentials, potential environmental pollutions and the exports of non-reusable wastes in the name of reusing.  In this recycling system, various stakeholders exist, such as consumers and informal collectors, and they make their own individual decision-makings. When any policy to tackle those problems is considered, it is necessary to understand the policy’s impact both on each stakeholder’s individual behavior and the whole system. However, there are few quantitative studies, because the whole system is complicated and difficult to model, especially including the informal collection. The objectives of this study are modeling the recycling system and quantitatively evaluating the impacts of policies on this system and its stakeholders, using multi-agent simulation. The conclusions are following two. First, the impact of eco-point system of end-of life home appliances was quantified, and it was proved that this system greatly contributes to formalize disposal behavior of consumers. Second, the relation between consumers’ environmental consciousness and their disposal behavior was quantified.

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Methodologies to identify priority products/materials/resources were examined and devised with future visions of evolution of 3R policy. After conducting a review of selection of target objects of recycling acts and characteristics of the objects of voluntary business actions, we invented several methods of positioning target objects. Among them, positioning by goal acheivement and that by effectiveness of actions were examined in detail. Then, these two methods were applied to several cases, and finally future research tasks about the positioning of target objects were discussed.

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Promotion of 3R's, the Basic Law for Establishing a recycling-oriented society was defined by the EPR and emissions,such as responsibility was enacted,10 years habe passed.
From this point on, waste-disposal policy is government waste, but has been  promoted to the axis the promotion of 3R in addition to proper treatment ,this time,in summary "3R waste in Japan",Govemment waste the promotion of 3R influence on the  report, abouto the change.

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[in Japanese]

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It was announced in January in 2012 by Ministry of Environment that compact appliances recycling system would be adopted with April 2014 as the target date. In response to this, local governments in entire Japan have started to study how to cope with the new policy. Presenters of this study actually broke up large-size wastes in Sakata City of Yamagata Prefecture as an experiment. In this presentation, the results of the experiment are outlined and the current status related to the new policy and future problems are analyzed.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Guam island of US accepts about 1.1 million tourists every year comparing topopulation  160,000, and over 80% of tourists is Japanese.  While a tourist stays in the island, many goods used by the tourist become solid waste and also other waste is indirectly generated in the process of supplying the goods or services.  On the other hand, residents in Guam, mainly aboriginal Chamorro, have accepted modern consumption style that people buy commodities in a supermarket and eat in a restaurant, thus, the amount of waste discharge has increased.  Due to less resources and small number of industries except tourism, Guam island has to import many goods from oversea.  In this study, it is assumed that the amount of waste discharge depends on consumption behaviors of household, government and tourists, and economics of Guam is supported by tourist’s expense.  Based on the assumptions, future waste discharge from household until 2020 is projected through developing IO table, future prediction of population, and future scenario of population and tourism.

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[in Japanese]

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It has been common knowledge that establishing the sustainable recycling-based society requires the three Rs, i.e., reduce, reuse and recycle. The three Rs are being widely recognized year by year, however, people hardly translate them into action yet. Innovation of technologies and systems about the three Rs and information sharing among stakeholders in the three Rs are effective against such problems, which can be implemented by information systems with information technologies. Before the utilization, it is necessary to fully understand business processes and improvements in the processes of the three Rs. Therefore, we have surveyed problems in the three Rs business and the current status of IT utilization. In this paper, we describe our research results of interviews to four companies of the Rs business. Moreover, we discuss prospects of IT utilization in the three Rs based on the results.

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Along with developments of developing countries, technological transfers of recycling business (3R) for resource recycling society to overseas have been taking places. Authors tried to estimate of the timing of recycling business growth in developing countries, clarified the differences between manufacturing and recycling business and examined the key points for success of technological transfer of recycling business. In this report to point out hard and soft ware technologies of recycling business, including collecting raw materials and selling products, the difference between manufacturing and recycling business will be clarified. As a result, the points of each step of planning, implementation, enlarging for success for recycling business are presented.

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[in Japanese]

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Currently, against a background of global warming problem, awareness of municipal waste incineration plants to provide green energy has been increasing, and therefore energy saving in the incineration plant has become important. However, previous studies revealed that differences can be seen among the incineration plants in awareness of energy conservation in the plants. In addition, considering the energy conservation, prolongation of the plants and energy recovery also become important.In this study, we applied a binominal logistic regression model to analyze the probability of recognition to long-life in factory and the influencing factor.

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In this paper, we assess how much to turn a profit in 10 years running to install biogas plants in various regions of Japan. The subject is food waste material. Food waste is discharged every year. However, no appropriate action has been made. If we can obtain energy by biogas generation from food waste incinerated, lead to a reduction in CO₂ emissions, not just get power. We evaluate initial costs such as land cost, construction cost, and etc., running costs such as personnel expenses, administrative and maintenance expense, and etc, and profits such as an electricity-sales-to-utilities income, carbon dioxide reduction profits, and etc.In addition, biogas power generation costs will require a lot of initial costs and maintenance costs. However, more and more power can be obtained if it increases the efficiency of power generation were also assessed whether they cover the costs.

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[in Japanese]

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Developed the material flow for packaging and containers can consider factors relating to the use of packaging and containers material flow model, scenario estimation of waste packaging and containers in the near future (2030 ), generation, processing and recycling processes. Packaging and containers material flow model is a model estimated from the material balance of material available to meet the demand for these from those containers and packaging and food in the contents of the demand for change considering effect of virgin materials manufacturing, recycling materials, import and export materials demand and CO2 emissions also incorporates together.Set the 2 contrasting social scenarios in case calculated using containers packaging model as society changes, and/or material demand of each made estimates of the waste and recycling situation. Assume the measures of sound material-cycle society in addition to the social scenario as a countermeasure scenarios and evaluate the effects of those measures.

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[in Japanese]

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