In order to address the waste problem in developing countries, there was typically an infrastructure (Hardware) oriented approach that was followed by Software-based approach which proposed the redesigning of the total SWM system and the building capacity of relevant organizations and staff. But the problem solving remains stalemated. What is lacking in our efforts might be pro-environmental will and ethic and ability that causes behavioral changes in our environmental activities. In other words, in addition to "Hardware" and "Software", "Heartware" (also known as mind-ware) is quite important. This paper explores the nature of Heartware and contributing actors to pro-environmental behavioral change through analyzing citizen's (stores') activities in Sri Lanka.

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This study focuses on the issues the trade of hazardous wastes disguised as non-hazrdous recyclables, and investigate the possiblity of an introduction of Traceability system at regional level. Among non-hazrdous recyclables, the study especially focues on mixed metals (scraps) and investigate regulations and management system in East Asian countries (Japan, China, South Korea, and Taiwan). With this information, the study suggests four types of international traceability systems and discusses implementability of each suggested systems.

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For environmentally sound international resource circulation of used Electrical and Electronic Equipment(EEE), various information sharing and management activities were implemented in the process of Basel Convention and other waste/3R, chemicals and trade management and enforcement. This paper reviews such information sharing and management activities under these policy processes. We found new information needs due to the increasing recognition of recovery of waste under the Basel convention as well as collaboration among Basel, Stockholm and Rotterdam Convention and other chemical management process. We also realized that several policy processes have developed various information sharing and management activities in parallel. However, these information sharing and management activities are not well-integrated to achieve effective management of used EEE. Thus, the author identified new three directions of related international process from the perspectives of information management as follows; a)development of new information for effective management of sound international resource circulation, b)whole life cycle information management of chemicals in products and c)effective collaboration of information sharing / management activities of various process.

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After the latter half of the 1910's, the network of human waste circulation between cities and suburb villages, formed in early modern period, collapsed, causing severe problems on night-soil disposal in Tokyo metropolitan area. Hence night-soil treatment has been municipalized to solve these problems. Previous studies have showed how Tokyo City night-soil disposal became the hotbed of epidemic problems for its dependency on human waste returning system to suburban farm villages. However, these studies have not focused on the relation between the policy of Tokyo City and farm villages near the urban area, and not re-examined the significance of the municipalization. In this paper, I would like to focus on the policy of Tokyo City human waste disposal from 1910's to 1930's and examine how Tokyo City dug up potential demand for human waste in suburban farm villages and reform the net work of human waste circulation.

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Suburban movement of population started by the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 caused installation-boom of refuse incinerator in the outskirts of Tokyo City, for reservation of a living environment. Some were completed favorably, but some were given up because of opposition from residents, etc. In case of Shibuya-cho, the opposition movement was especially large, because the plant of Shibuya was planed to build in Meguro-cho, next to Shibuya. And what was even worse, the plant emitted many soot and smoke. Although the plant was built according to a compromise of both towns in the planned site, the smoke-problem brought a opposition movement again and again in Meguro, and finally, it was abolished in accordance with city region extension of Tokyo in 1932. Documents about an opposition movement in Meguro were found the other day, which were not found yet.

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This project is introducing community solid waste management in Dhaka City. Dhaka has no community system, then project try to formulate community based on informal non- clear community. This paper explains this experience.

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Dhaka City intorduced 35 compactors with harmonizing community habit and private collection serivices. This paper explains this experience.

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The amount of struck exists to an earthquake past like Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake and the Niigata Chuetsu coast earthquake, etc. a East Japan great earthquake and there is a feature that enormous (the Ministry of the Environment 4/5/2010 and ruined area extend widely. Reaching (6/27/2010 the Ministry of the Environment announcement data) and this only even Prefecture of ..amount of house struck waste. Miyagi in 15.09 million tons are almost equivalent to the amount of Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake of total waste. In Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake, a similar amount of [gareki] is added, and a East Japan great earthquake is thought to have to consider the earth and sand waste management by the tsunami additionally from the result of adding public struck waste of 5.5 million tons in addition it. Calculation generation unit requirement P.9 of three based on Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake is shown in the presumption of the amount of [gareki]. In this text, Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake, the Niigata Chuetsu coast earthquake, and a East Japan great earthquake are compared, and it considers it about the calculation model of the amount of presumption waste.

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When wood is heated at high temperature, the ash will be pure white or white brown. But, wood is soaked in sea water and heated, the ash shows black color. In order to measure sodium concentration in tsunami soaked wood, ash color change was investigated. In this report, effect of temperature degree and sodium concentration into ash color, development of measure method of sodium concentration from ash color, and mechanism of ash color changing were described. As a result, ash color showed widest change in 600 degree C heating. And when the sodium concentration was below 1.0%, sodium concentration and ash lightness L* revealed a correlation. Using this correlation, it is possible to develop measuring system of sodium concentration in wood from ash color. Through observation of the black ash by microscope, the black ash was revealed to charcoal. The mechanism of black ash forming was assumed that, sodium was melt in high temperature kiln, small piece of remained wood was covered by melt sodium, oxygen was shut down from wood piece, and wood piece was changed into charcoal.

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It is very important to recover useful metals from the end-of-life electric and electronic equipments to secure the indispensable strategy materials to electronic industry. Thermal decomposition or gasification of the waste electronic devices was already carried out by many people. However, gaseous product could not be used as an energy resource due to high content of toxic chlorine or bromine gaseous products. Our research group is developing the new technology to recover useful resources from the end-of-life electric devices efficiently and to produce a clean hydrogen gas by steam gasification in the presence of eutectic carbonate. In this work, phenol board was gasified by steam at 600 - 700 C in the presence of the mixture of potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and lithium carbonate. The experimental results indicated that the reaction consists of the initial rapid pyrolysis and the relatively slow steam gasification of char, and the eutectic carbonate accelerate both reactions. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide were main products, and rate of gasification was derived from hydrogen formation rate by using pseudo first order reaction assumption.

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Phase characteristics, morphologies and volume fractions of crystallized iron-based intermetallic compounds were elucidated and evaluated as the parameters of microstructure concerning chemical compositions of Si, Fe and Mn in the Al-7%Si-2.5%Cu and Al-11%Si-2.5%Cu alloy (mass%), which contains equivalent amount of silicon to the representative die-cast aluminum alloys; ADC10 and ADC12, respectively. Especially, regarding the formation of be-ta phase which has most harmful influence, characteristics of those size distribution were distinguished and fundamental guiding principles for the development of controlling the influence were obtained.

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With the recent rise in global resource needs have come to the fore concerns about improper recycling of waste electronic products in developing countries. There is also growing concern about the resource risks such as rare earth, therefore, there is growing need for safer and more efficient recycling of e-waste. In addition, the introduction of REACH regulation has promoted information sharing on the harmful substances contained in materials/articles/products. We conducted a study on sharing information for sound recycling of waste electrical and electronic products with the life cycle view. This paper reviewed what information to be shared with the consideration of product life cycle. This also investigated how to share such information throughout the product lifecycle, by focusing on recycling process and parts that containing hazardous substances etc. In addition, this paper examined the challenges on the information sharing of chemicals in products and reviewed the measures.

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Most of the waste disposed of in the automotive interior parts production process are landfilled or incinerated due to the composite nature, which is difficult to recycle. If floor materials, which are typical fiber-resin multilayer automobile parts, can be separated into the resin and fiber components, a high level of recycle can be achieved. We decided to launch a project to apply the high-speed centrifugal beating method and develop a technology using floor materials as the specific model. By setting the beater screen diameter to 5 mm and peripheral speed to 110 m/s and adding a fiber-component re-beating process, the 96% purity of PE and 74% recovery rate were achieved. The recycled PE pellets were added to the currently used conventional material by 40% to fabricate prototypes in the primary-carpet fabric production line. It was confirmed that the production of primary carpet fabric was obtainable and the prototypes met the moldability and quality standards.

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Fishing and a weight(sinker) are always together, and fishing cannot be done without a weight. Currectly a weight is made of lead metal which is one of seriously dangerous metals for environment conservation. Large fish catching nets use a tremendous large amount of lead for weight. However, we have never had any information about how to treat waste large fish catching nets. We, hereby, discuss currect sitiation of waste large fish catching nets.

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Containers and Packaging Recycling Law, plastic waste is discharged from the home city that is being played as a recycling it. the plastic is recycled for agricultural products, transport pallets, and so on. making the plastics, we remove particles, add linear low density polyethylene and hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer. it has developed base technology for processing the film reported in Part 1. Tests were conducted to identify problems in production line manufacturing technology to put this, improvements were made. Established manufacturing technology, including the garbage bags based on the results of this study.

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To evaluate the potential of hydrogen sulfide formation of fine residue generated from sorting facility treating mixed construction and demolition waste, it is necessary to elucidate biodegradability of organic matter contained in the residue. In this study, organic matter contained in the residue was fractionated from the viewpoint of physical composition and fiber components. And availability of organic carbon by microorganisms were tested by biological methane formation test. As consequence, organic carbon in the residue was derived from wood(29%) and paper(68%) with regard to physical composition. And also it was derived from lignin (32%) and cellulose (37%). Organic carbon utilized by microorganisms in BMP test was only 1% of TOC in the residue and it corresponded to carbon easily leached out.

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The recycle system of by-product-salt from waste treatment processes such as incinerator or landfill leachate is reported to use it as sterilizer for sewage treatment by electrolysis producing NaClO. And the necessary refining level of Ca in by-product-salt is investigated and showed for safety operation of the system,

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