In this paper, after clarifying the current status and trends of disposal and recycling of lithium ion batteries, it was considered for a recycling system for next-generation vehicles. In recent years, with the background of increasing concern about resource constraints and environmental problems, there is a growing expectation that automobiles contribute to global warming countermeasures. Automobiles have entered a new era of automobiles that is undergoing a major transformation. In the future, internal combustion locomotives are expected to move away and powertrain diversification (EV) will be expected. Lithium-ion batteries installed in electric vehicles have the risk of explosion and ignition if handled improperly.It is required to establish an effective collection system and process for collecting, recycling, and reusing a large number of batteries.

The phosphorus recovery from incinerated ash of sewage sludge by a heat treatment method was investigated. The incinerated ash of sewage sludge was mixed with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, and treated at 750 ℃ to 900 ℃ in aerobic conditions. The phosphorus was successfully recovered as an alkali metal phosphate from the treated ash through water extraction. The recovery rate of the phosphorus reached about 74% to 78%. The optimal condition of the phosphorus recovery and composition of the recovered phosphorus was investigated.

Recycling of used disposable diapers is verified in a pilot plant. It has been confirmed that safety, hygiene and cleanliness are equivalent to those of virgin pulp in the recycling of ordinary used disposable diapers. Furthermore, it is confirmed that there is a 50% or more reduction in GHG compared to incineration treatment. However, to ensure these qualities, it is necessary to recover the commonly used disposable diapers.

However, there is a risk that it may be contaminated with unexpected chemical substances, such as non-purpose use such as disposal of edible oil or machine oil to diapers and contamination during recovery work.

In this study, we assumed the case where the disposable diaper contaminated with chemicals in this way was mixed with the used disposable diaper and confirmed this effect. The contamination in eight representative chemical substances was modeled, and the regeneration process by the pilot plant was performed. As a result, most contaminating chemicals can be removed and regenerated to what is considered safe.

In order to recover the phosphorus from sewage sludge, some kinds of extraction methods using acid or alkali are investigated. Recovery rate of the phosphorus differ by the method applied for them. We compared the phosphorus recovery rate by some kinds of methods (①acid treatment,②alkali treatment, ③alkali heat treatment in 750℃, ④hydrothermal method) using same sludge. The acid treatment showed highest recovery rate, and alkali treatment have low recovery rate, however, recovery rate increased by the application of heat treatment or hydrothermal method, and aluminum contents in the recovered phosphorus became degreased.

Palladium is a key element that is used in electronic devices, dental alloys, and as a catalyst in C–C coupling and hydrogenation reactions, and is thus ranked as one of the most industrially indispensable elements. The establishment of a recycling and reuse technique for palladium from waste containing palladium ions still remains a challenge. A practical and desirable solution to the recycling would be a highly-selective separation process employing heterogeneous adsorbents. In order to examine the possibility of theophylline bearing adsorbent, the adsorption of palladium ions from acidic chloride media was studied. Palladium (II) was found to be adsorbed selectively on theophylline bearing adsorbent from the mixture containing a 10-fold amount of platinum (IV) or copper (II). The desorbing of palladium (II) was performed to an extent of 95% by a single batchwise treatment with an aqueous ammonia and thiourea solutions. Furthermore, it turned out that palladium can be adsorbed at an adsorption rate of 95% from a 10 ppb dilute palladium solution, suggesting that the theophylline bearing adsorbent is effective as a highly sensitive palladium adsorbent.

Holdfasts of kelp are inedible, as they contain many shells and ropes which can be hardly removed. In order to make effective use of holdfasts, the conversion to feedstuffs and health foods is also carried out. However, because of many problems, such as cost and removal of impurities, large amount of holdfasts are discarded every year. The purpose of the present study is to prepare activated carbon from holdfasts as carbon resources. Holdfasts were carbonized under inert atmosphere at 600-900 degrees Celsius, and then chemically activated by zinc chloride. The surface area of the activated carbon increased by more than 10 times compared with carbonized sample. It was obvious that as-made carbon contained impurities according to XRD analysis. These impurities could be satisfactorily removed by approximately 1 hour of washing with hydrochloric acid.

Inedible parts of kelps are massively discarded as industrial waste. In this study, batch type adsorption experiments of metal ion in aqueous solution were conducted using holdfasts, which are major inedible parts of kelps. A particle size dependence experiment of kelp powders showed that the adsorption equilibrium was reached more rapidly as the particle size was smaller. Three kinds of metals were examined at various temperatures and ion concentrations in order to compare and consider the adsorption mechanism. It was found that copper ion was superior to other metal ions and the influence of temperature was less significant. On the other hand, the adsorption of nickel and cobalt ion decreased at elevated temperatures. The adsorption isotherm at 20 degrees Celsius was measured to confirm that the amount of adsorption of copper ions was large. Although the difference in the adsorption capacity among metal ions is not clear yet, it is considered to be due to the difference in the complex formation with alginic acid contained in kelp.

In this study aimed to understand the behavior of MVOCs in an organic fertilizer plant and to improve the biological deodorization process. The relationship between MVOCs concentration and microflora in the process was investigated. The detected MVOCs changed with the progress of fermentation, and the amount of generation varied with the fermentation conditions. And, the behavior of the microflora may differ depending on the fermentation conditions. Furthermore, the microflora in the biological deodorization system and the behavior of MVOCs of the isolated aerobic microorganism were investigated. The microorganisms in the biological deodorization system were 53% of bacterial species belonging to Proteobacterium, and the dominant order of the bacterial species belonging to Planctomycetes was 34%. On the other hand, the isolated microorganism species were, for example, bacterial species belonging to Actinomycetales. The removal of MVOCs in the biological deodorization system has been suggested to be the contribution of microbial species that are difficult to isolate.

Lignocellulosic biomass, like wood or grass, has attracted notice for alternative energy resources that doesn’t conflict with food production. As these biomass, Miscanthus spp. is focused on and has been researched and used as energy resources. In this study, we focused on Miscanthus spp., Giant Miscanthus.The object of this study is to clarify the characteristics of Giant Miscanthus for anaerobic digestion. Additionally, Tthe torrefaction technique was carried out as per-treatment for anaerobic digestion. Result of the experimental anaerobic digestion, the MxG pellet was degraded and methan was generated in anaerobic condition after 10 days incubation. It was found that the potential of the methan generaion was 200 mg-CH4/gVS for 37 days incubation. The effects of the trrefaction as per-treatment of anaerobioc digestion was negative and TG-DTA analysis was clarify the reason of it.

Bio-drying is one of the waste treatment methods for bio-wastes. It is known that variety of factors (parameters) can affect on the drying efficiency. Authors have tried to establish a simulation program, and sucseeded in showing the valid calculation results which agree well with the experimental results.

In this manuscript, effect of some parameters concerning material conditions on the drying efficiency is discussed using the above simulation program. And it was clarified that simulation is easy and effective tool in discussing which parameters give larger influence on drying efficiency and/or finding the optimum operational conditions.

Hydrogen gas is focused for global warming measure and the stationary energy storage. Hydrogen production from renewable energy is regarded by global warming gas discharge restraint and storage of the surplus electric power as the very effective means in particular. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to product hydrogen gas from Akita Cedar., which is renewable biomass energy and much in Akita prefecture.

In this report, hydrogen gas generation behavior from pulverized cedar was investigated when water vapor was used as a gasifying agent.

As a result, in the pyrolysis examination with the addition of a catalyst, the amount of hydrogen gas generation tends to increase especially at low temperatures by the addition of the catalyst, and nickel hydroxide was the most effective as a catalyst.

Also, in the gasification test with the steam, the amount of hydrogen gas generation increased rapidly from around 810℃., and the effect of the catalyst was hardly seen on the high temperature.