Security of proper waste treatment will be required in the future when we face many problems such as financial difficulties and waste decrease by depopulation, GHG emissions reduction, treatment of disaster waste. For that, integration of waste treatment facilities is needed. However, each municipality spent a lot of time to solve an urgent matter on the renewal of old incinerators. Drawing the big picture on future waste management in each region and developing strategies with backcasting thought is also important. This study attempted 1) to clarify future problems on the operation year and operation rate of incinerators based on predicted data on future population and waste generation, and 2) to determine the optimum location of incineration facilities in 2050 by linear programming.

In the past, the site selection of waste management facilities by local governments has been led by businesses such as the government, but in recent years, there have been an increasing number of cases of open call type in which the site is selected based on proposals from the region. In this study, examples of site selection were organized by questionnaire survey, etc., focusing on the comparison between the business entity selection type and the open call type. As a result, many organizations have set up a selection committee consisting of experts and citizens in the site selection process, and are trying to ensure the transparency of the process by encouraging the participation of related parties. It was found that the mold was performed from the initial stage of the site selection process. In addition, regarding communication with local residents, in the open call type, the number of exchanges of opinions is increased from the site selection stage to get the residents interested, and in the business entity selection type, the facility development plan is more important than the site selection process. It was inferred that there were more opportunities to exchange opinions at the stage of completion of construction.

The objective of this study is to examine how to take measures for the disaster waste treatment in small and medium-sized local governments based on the actual conditions of waste-related work in normal times. As a results of questionnaire surveys of municipalities nationwide and interviews with local governments in Fukuoka Prefecture, responding to inquiries from residents is a major task in normal times in small and medium-sized local governments, and although it is a task that is easy to acquire the ability as an organization and is always performed even in the event of a disaster, the priority as a disaster waste countermeasure is low. On the other hand, considering that the cooperation of residents' associations is taken from normal times, it will help to effectively promote disaster waste countermeasures of small-scale local governments by embodying the way of cooperation with residents' associations in peacetime.

This paper aims to examine the superiority of the flood waste estimation based on statistical modelling compared with the conventional estimation based on linear regression. For this, the following four models were compared: 1) multiple regression model, 2) generalized linear model (with Gamma distribution), 3) hierarchical Bayesian model (with Gaussian distribution), 4) hierarchical Bayesian model (with Gamma distribution). Data on Japanese disaster waste management cases were collected from reports and databases of national and local governments to be used for estimation. The results suggested that more accurate estimation results could be obtained by using statistical modelling based on Gamma distribution.

We examined the drawings of the Konan Dust Incinerator in Okayama City.In the examination, the waste treatment status from Edo to the Meiji period, the waste treatment status from the Taisho era to the early Showa period, the construction status of the incinerator, and the construction process of the Okanan dust incinerator were summarized.From the drawings obtained from the Okanan Dust Incinerator, we grasped the scale and structure of the incinerator, and it can be seen that the incinerator adopted a ventilation type and was improving the incinerator each time.

The purpose of this report is to clarify the mechanism of rice straw burnig on the Tohoku rice cultivation area in the 1970s. The target is Aomori Prefecture, which is the main rice-growing area in Tohoku. The target period is the 1960s and 1970s, when rice straw burning became a problem. The data are the statistics of Aomori Prefecture and the results of an interview survey conducted in 2021 with three rice farmers.

Sucssesful project has "Self-organization process.

This research will find sucssesful project structurewith using the concept of entropy.

Plastic products have excellent functionality and are very convenient, but they are deeply involved in problems such as marine pollution and global warming. In order to deal with these problems, efforts have been made in recent years to replace disposable plastic products with others. As a previous study, the environmental impact of substituting paper products for some disposable plastic products was evaluated by life cycle assessment, but expansion of the target products and more detailed analysis were issues. In this study, we expanded the target products and analyzed using MiLCA and the latest LCA data (IDEA ver2.3) . Weighed and set the weight of plastic products and paper products (including the setting of coating with plastic), and used the data of the corresponding process. As a result, for many products, paper products were superior in the evaluation items of "climate change", "resource consumption", "photochemical oxidant", "human toxicity", and "energy consumption", but "waste", "eutrophication", and "enrichment" Paper products were inferior in evaluation items such as "ecotoxicity", "water resource consumption", and "land use".

We conducted a questionnaire survey of 1000 Japanese companies regarding their awareness and response to the plastic problem. In general companies, the awareness of plastic issues was low among environmental issues, but plastic-related companies, mainly large companies, actively grasped environmental issues and government policies, and developed 3Rs and alternative materials. In recycling, there are problems with the construction of collection networks, recycling technology and costs, and many companies also have problems with costs and technology regarding the development and use of alternative materials and reuse. There is a need for governmental and financial support for technological development for companies that are actively working on it, and for practical application, including the construction of social systems.

The authors are participating in NEDO's research project on plastic technology system analysis, and as part of this, they tried to grasp the flow of industrial waste plastics by prefecture in Japan. We have grasped the trends of flows and activity indicators by industry. We further enriched the data on industrial waste plastic flow by prefecture, and analyzed the amount of industrial waste plastic movement between prefectures and the industrial waste plastic flow in Hokkaido as an example of detailed analysis. As a result, the characteristics of waste plastic flow in each prefecture and the tendency of movement between prefectures were clarified. Based on this situation, we will consider the possibility of introducing innovative technology in each prefecture (reasonable amount of introduction, etc.) and the feasibility of wide-area recycling in each region, which is different from the current situation. We are planning to develop a technology selection model for waste plastic sorting and recycling technology.

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) is a lightweight and high strength material, expanding its usage in many industries. We focused on nitric acid degradation method, which is one of the method for CFRP recycling that could collect carbon fiber and epoxy resin at the same time. In particular, this method could decompose the resin in a mild condition so that the recycle carbon fiber is expected to improve its strength than virgin carbon fiber. Therefore, the recycle carbon fiber has a potential to recycle to the material for structural parts. In this research, we will report the results of degradability of epoxy resin under nitric acid condition, using CFRP waste parts. As a result, by immersing the CFRP material to 8M, 80 ℃ nitric acid for 24 hours, we confirmed that most of the resin was removed from the carbon fiber.

Large amounts of construction and demolition (C&D) waste are generated in urban areas of developing countries where rapid population growth and economic development are progressing. However, the responsibility for treating C&D waste is not always clearly defined, and the implementation system and infrastructure are often inadequate. As a result, there are cases where C&D waste flows into the collection and transportation flow of municipal solid waste or is illegally dumped. According to the cases of fact-finding survey and system design support in Palestine and Iran, the following issues are commonly recognized, although the situation differs depending on each condition: (1) It is essential to conduct a fact-finding survey on the amount, composition, and source of C&D waste, (2) a legal system that clearly stipulates the responsibility for processing C&D waste from the perspective of the waste-generator’s responsibility is required, (3) It is important to raise awareness of construction industry operators, (4) Infrastructure development strategy based on private sector investment or public-private partnership is required, and (5) It is important to exchange information between supply side and demand side for promoting recycle of C&D waste.

The phosphorus recovery from the incinerated ash using NaOH by the heat treatment, was investigated. In this method, non-reacted NaOH containing alkali water was generated with the phosphorus recovery. In order to find out the best method for reuse of the alkali water, the alkali water was mixed with new reagent of NaOH, and the phosphorus recovery was carried out. The phosphorus was recovered as a sodium phosphate, and the recovery rate was almost the same even with the reuse of the alkali water.

A large amount of woody biomass combustion ash is discharged from biomass power plants that use wood chips for fuel. Regarding these issues, various studies have been conducted on the effective use of woody biomass combustion ash such as fertilizers and artificial lightweight aggregates. But at present, most of the ash is landfilled as waste. In this study, we focused on porous concrete, which has continuous voids in the hardened body and has many functions such as water permeability and vegetation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to confirm the applicability of woody biomass combustion ash as an admixture for porous concrete. As a result, it was confirmed that the use of woody biomass combustion ash reduced the compressive strength of porous concrete by about 10%, but slightly improved the humidity control performance.

With the increase in the number of woody biomass power generation facilities, the handling of biomass combustion ashes has become an issue, and CO₂ fixation by carbonation of biomass combustion ashes has been attracting attention as an effective CO₂ utilization technology. Therefore, it is important to understand the basic properties, including the leaching behavior of heavy metals and other substances, from biomass combustion ashes after carbonation. In this study, we examined the changes in the leaching behavior of heavy metals and the amount of CO₂ fixation by carbonation of biomass combustion ashes from facilities with different types of furnaces.

In this study, pH, Ca, Pb, Cr(VI), and F were reduced by the carbonation treatment, while As and B tended to increase their leaching after carbonation. The effect of carbonation on Se, Hg, Cd, and CN was considered small. The amount of CO₂ fixation was 24 to 29 g-CO₂/kgDW-ash for bottom ash and 48 to 68 g-CO₂/kgDW-ash for fly ash, and the amount tended to be higher in fly ash than in bottom ash. The amount of CO₂ fixation was estimated to be proportional to the leaching concentration of Ca.

In this study, coliform group growth suppression efficiency of coal bottom ash (Clinker Ash CA) generated from a thermal power plant was investigated to develop a method of effective utilization. The mechanism of coliform group growth suppression was also investigated. The CA was added to sample solutions made from treated sewage water and the number of coliform group was measured by the BGLB method, and the reduction rate was examined. As a result, by adding 10g of CA to 200mL of 100-fold diluted sample solution, 100 % of coliform group was removed. The smaller particle size of CA showed higher removal efficiency on the coliform group growth suppression. It was found that coliform group growth suppression might be occurred on the solid surface of CA.