Recently origami technique is prepared to be applied to many industrial products. For example, a new kind of beverage container made by origami structure has been introduced. Previous research has presented that it can be easily crashed after usage. However, its performance especially external appearance does not meet industrial requirements. Therefore, in this research, starting from the view of industrial design, the structure of beverage container is modified by the subdivision technology. Crashworthiness of modified origami structure is studied by FEM. Analysis results indicate that modified origami structure is suitable for beverage container.

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In this paper we introduce a progressive collapse deformation (PCD) structure named cylindrical origami structure (COS). COS can act as buffers what have the ability to lessen or absorb the shock of an impact. Numerical models are constructed and analyzed by Finite Element Method (FEM). Then based on the optimized model, two kinds of subdivision schemes (Loop and Modified Butterfly) are employed to smooth it. And criterions, such as initial force and compress ratio that means how much it can be compressed, are used to evaluate the results derived from different schemes.

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A new type of honeycomb structure is proposed, and the crushing charasteristics are analysed by FEM. This new honeycomb structure, the origami-honeycomb, is made by cutting and folding a plain plate like origami, and no adhesion bond is needed, which makes it easier to recycle. It is expected to be used in the side panel or door of cars to absorb impact in a car accident. From the FEM analysis, the origami-honeycomb structure showed a better crushing charasteristic compared with the conventional honeycomb structure.

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This report presents the analysis far slightly curved composite plates simply supported all edges in order tor the engineering designers to determine vibration responses, In the engineering field shell components have been widely used, so as to save the weight of structures. On the other hand, fiber reinforced composite plastics (FRP) has been a well-known weight saving and high modulus materials. In this analysis, the first, natural frequencies and mode shapes of curved composite plates are estimated by the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The next. the state equation is formulated concern with out-plane displacement functions of ones for calculating fthe requeney and step response,

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Experimental and analytical results are presented on chaotic oscillations of a shallow square shell with initial imperfection. At the boundary, the shell-panel is simply supported. The shell-panel is excited by lateral periodic acceleration. Chaotic responses are generated in specific regions of the exciting frequency. The chaotic responses are examined by the Poincare projections, the Fourier spectra and the maximum Lyapunov exponents. Contribution of modes of vibration to the chaotic responses is analyzed by the principal component analysis. The chaotic oscillations involve the dynamic snap-through transition. The chaotic responses involve more than five modes of vibration simultaneously. The analytical results agree well with the experimental results.

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An analysis for vibration of conical shells with a constrained viscoelastic layer and metal layers is presented. In this paper, vibration damping properties of three layered conical shells with viscoelastic material are analyzed from both of SEM (Strain energy method) and CEM (Complex eigenvalue method). Eigenvalue and eigenvector (displacement functions) are analyzed based on the Ritz method, when natural frequency, modal loss factor and strain energy are obtained. In CEM, the elastic modulus of viscoelastic material is dealt with complex quantity considering material loss factor. In SEM, modal loss factor is defined as a ratio of damping energy (strain energy consumed in viscoelastic layer) dissipated during a vibration cycle and total strain energy of the shell. The accuracy and validity of the present results from two methods are illustrated through investigation of convergence and comparison with the established results from the literature. Numerical results are presented for different parameters, such as semi-vertex angles, material loss factors and circumferential wave numbers.

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The vibration characteristic has been experimentally investigated on a cross-ply CFRP laminated composite oval cylindrical shell filled with liquid at different levels. The shells were vertically mounted on the exciting table to be excited horizontally. Frequencies and mode shapes of vibration were determined with STAR-system. The results obtained are compared with those of laminated composite circular cylindrical shell partially filled with liquid.

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The vascular endothelial cell is the only interface between blood and tissue, where the metabolise activity is very active. The large deformation of the vesicles is considered to be involved in these transport process. In this study, vesicular mechanics in cells is theoretically investigated. A system of nonlinear differential equations is derived based on the variational principle and is reduced to two point boundary value problem. The equations are solved through the Shooting method along with Newton-Raphson and Runge-Kutta method. The computed shape suggests that the effects of various parameters and outer cytoplasmic membrane are significant and these should be taken into account in numerical simulation.

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The existence of a transendothelial channel, which is considered to be involved in specific transport of macromolecules is reported. In this study, the generation mechanism of vascular endothelial chained vesicles and the transendothelial channel is theoretically investigated based on minimization of bending and in-plane shear strain energy of the membrane. A system of nonlinear differential equations is derived according to the variational principle and is reduced to a two point boundary value problem. Simulated transendothelial channel changes its shape dramatically form chained vesicular channel to infundibular channel depending on lower opening radius.

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The coupled motion of a snowboard and slope is caused by a snowboarder's snowboard control. The accuracy of a numerical approach for the coupled motion is discussed. The motion of a snowboarder's center of gravity, displacement of the snowboard, edging force and moments acting to the snowboard from the snowboarder, contact pressure distribution between snowboarder and elastic foundation, and so on are measured. A relative displacement of the snowboard's computed and compared with experimental one. From the comparison it follows that one can analyze accurately the coupled motion using the numerical approach developed by the authors.

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In the application of a piezoelectric vibrator as an actuator of piezoelectric pump, it is very important to produce a large bending displacement of the vibrator. In this paper, for improving the productivity and the performance of a piezoelectric pump, vibration analysis of the piezoelectric vibrator has been carried out and the vibration characteristics have been investigated.

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For the purpose of investigating effects and benefits of multilayered and higher-order-deformable modeling for free vibration and damping predictions of laminated and sandwich composites, four different kinds of lamination models, i.e. ESL/FOSD, ESL/HOD, ML/FOSD, and ML/HOD, were developed and assessed from the points of view of numerical accuracy. In this study, as a numerical solution method, finite element method (FEM) was used. A numerical example in the case of CFRP/aluminum-honeycomb sandwich cantilever beams with or without visco-elastic inserts clearly showed the best performance of ML/FOSD model. ESL/FOSD model, on the other hand, gave some stiff and poor results, which suspects that it suffered from the so-called shear locking. However, ESL/HOD model did not show any shear locking, therefore this ESL/HOD model can be one of the remedies against such locking phenomena in the numerical analysis of composite laminates.

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This report studies the effect of changing curvature on the optimum lay-ups of laminated shallow shells of rectangular planform. A method of Ritz is used to derive a frequency equation and the optimization is performed by using the layerwise optimization approach. Numerical examples show how the degree of curvature in both directions affects the optimum lay-ups for maximizing the fundamental frequencies.

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Leakage-flow-induced vibrations were examined using linear stability analysis in the case of a one-dimensional narrow parallel passage in which a plate could vibrate in beam mode. It was found that unlike the case of the single-degree-of-freedom system, instability could occur for the parallel passage in a continuous system. Destabilizing mechanisms were considered by deriving a wave equation of plate displacement, and the characteristics of the waves were examined. The wave equation was expressed using first- and second-order wave equations, and abeam equation. The energy supplied to the wave components of the vibration mode and the dispersion relation was examined. It was found that the wave expressed by the first-order wave equation, which was derived from the dissipation term of the leakage flow, could act as a negative damping force to the wave on the plate propagating forward when the wave speed of the first-order wave equation was greater than that of the plate vibration. The mechanism was greatly different from that of the single-degree-of-freedom system where the delay due to fluid inertia could induce unstable vibration. It was suggested that the leakage-flow-induced vibration of continuous system be similar to the Oil whip of the journal bearing.

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In this paper, the mechanism and dynamic stability of gas-lubricated bearing of rotational vibration are considered. The bearing stiffness and damping which are generated in compressible fluid at the gap of bearing are calculated. The equation of motion is derived using mechanical impedance which is calculated from the bearing stiffness and damping. Based on the derived equation, the stability of the behavior of the journal is investigated. Finally parameter studies are shown.

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A steam control valve causes vibration of the piping when the opening is in the middle condition. For the rationalization of maintenance and management in the plant, the cause of vibration should be clarified and the valve should be improved. In current research, we found a valve-attached flow occurs and causes a quasi-periodic spike-type pressure fluctuation at only the middle opening condition in rigid support condition. As this fluctuation causes cyclic side load on the valve body, it is thought to be the cause of vibration. But we don't know the effects of flow-induced vibration when this pressure fluctuation interacts valve vibration because this phenomenon has complex flow structure and the flow is supersonic. This report describes the effect of flow-induced vibration to the flow around the valve. We conducted some experiments with an elastic support, and followings are found. In specific lift range, a resonance between valve and rock-in phenomenon, which the quasi-periodic pressure fluctuation is drawn in a natural frequency of the valve and becomes periodic, occurs. In addition, a damping ratio of the valve decreases and the amplitude has grown in the range.

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The structures such as elastic beam in the axial leakage flow begin to vibrate by axial leakage flow. The vibration becomes larger. In this paper, dynamic stabilization of the axisymmetric elastic beam subjected to axial leakage flow is investigated. The fluid-structure coupled equation based on the Euler-Bernoulli type partial differential equation and Navier Stokes equation are derived including control terms. In this paper, the piezoelastic actuator is used to control the coupled system. Applying the optimal control law to the coupled system, the unstable behavior is stabilized. The simulation studies are performed to investigate the efficiency of the proposed control method and the effect of the position of actuator on control performance.

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This paper deals with an experimental study of active control of leakage-flow-induced vibrations. In order to stabilize leakage-flow-induced vibrations, this study proposed the new active feedback control method. The active vibration control is conducted by using a speaker as a control actuator for changing entrance pressure or exit pressure of passage. According to the experimental results, performance of the presented active control technique was clarified.

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Aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed pantograph are very important to maintain steady current collection. We attempt to control the lift force of the panhead by jets ejected from its surface. To evaluate this method, we performed some wind tunnel tests using some panhead models having jet ejection device. The experimental results show that the pressure distributions on the models can be changed by adjusting the velocity of ejected jets. This means that the lift force of pantograph can be controlled by this method. Therefore, this method has a great potential for practical application.

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This paper deals with an experimental study of development and performance evaluation of the aquatic propulsion mechanism using waving-motion of flexible fin. The waving-motion of the flexible fin is excited by a cam and follower mechanism. In the experiment, the propulsion force and the swimming speed of the aquatic propulsion mechanism are examined for various wave number and exciting frequency of the waving motion in stationary water in a channel. As a result, it is found that the RMS propulsion force and RMS swimming speed of the aquatic propulsion mechanism become small with increasing the wave number of the motion.

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The nonlinear liquid motion in a partially filled cylindrical tank with an eccentric core barrel is investigated.The nonlinearity of the liquid surface oscillation is considered in the response analysis of the sloshing motion. Basic equations are derived by employing the variational principle. The nonlinear ordinary differential equations governing the liquid surface oscillation are then derived by applying Galerkin's method to the basic equations. The effects of the eccentricity of core barrel on liquid surface oscillationare discussed. The time histories of the liquid surface displacement are calculated to the harmonic pitching excitations. An experiment was conducted using a model tank. A good agreement was found between the theoretical and experimental results. It is shown that the nonlinear analysis is important for estimating the sloshing responses.

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A large amplitude excitation experiment was performed for a thin cylindrical water storage tanks in order to investigate the vibration characteristics. In addition to beam vibration, oval vibrations with the circumferential wave number n=12, 14 or 16 were observed. The acceleration level which generates an oval vibration was proportional to the increasing rate of magnitude of response acceleration of the tanks. It was found that one of generation mechanisms of the oval vibrations was a super summed and differential harmonic vibration having [l/2(p_1i+p_2 )] pattern.

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We have experimentally made clear the three-dimensional unsteady characteristics of the wake vortices at the swept flat plate. The coherent structure at the swept flat plate is very different from the case of two-dimensional condition. The swept flat plate has a large span-wise correlation length compared to the two-dimensional case. The span-wise velocity in the dead air region is generated by the rolling up of the wake vortices. The information of the wake vortex rolling up at the lower side spreads toward to the upper side and the wake vortex at the upper side rolls up in turn.

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This research deals with the nonlinear interactions between unsteady fluid flow and vortex-induced vibration of a spring-supported circular cylinder in a narrow channel. The analytical model consists of two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow in a narrow channel at low Reynolds number, and the spring-supported cylinder that can move perpendicular to the wall of the channel. It is considered that synchronized measurement of unsteady fluid flow and motion of a body is very important when the nonlinear interaction between them is discussed.

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Recently, blood pressure meters using PWV (Pulse Wave Velocity) method are available in the market. This method is proved to have compatibility to the conventional methods. However, how physical parameters such as blood volumetric flow rate affect PWV is not theoretically explained. In this paper, firstly, we developed the experimental apparatus simulating human circulator system by using silicon tube and examined parameters that affect PWV. Secondly, after mathematically modeling the experimental apparatus, numerical analyses with the model system were carried out and the results were compared with the experimental results. Thirdly, numerical analyses modeling human artery were carried out and the results were compared with the reported PWV with human artery. Then, we affirm the results that the magnitude and the location of the resistance inside the flow channel and pulsating period affect PWV greatly.

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An approximate estimation and design method of a dynamic absorber using dissipation energy and dynamic stiffness of. the absorber is proposed. Dynamic stiffness of a whole system can be calculated by adding subsystem's dynamic stiffness. Amplitude 01 the dynamic stiffness. is larger than imaginary part. Then by using imaginary part of the dynamic absorber, we can estimate peak value of frequency response curve of the whole system because real part of the dynamic stiffness should be almost zero at the resonance frequency in most vibration systems. We carry out some calculation for some dynamic absorbers and calculation results shows the usefulness of the proposed method.

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Centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers (CPVA) have been used for many .years as a method to suppress torsional vibrations. The authors clarified CPVA's dynamic characteristics in a previous paper. Recently, centrifugal roller vibration absorvers (CRVA) which have a similar but simpler structure started to be used in some automobile engines. However, the dynamic characteristics of CRVA are not known well. In this study, the nonlinear equations motion of CRVA are derived and their chatacterictics are investigated theoretically and numarically. Especially, the difference between CPVA and CRVA is discussed from the viewpoint of the effect of vibration suppression.

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MR fluid is the reological fluid to which the viscosity of fluid can be changed because a magnetic body particle forms a cluster in the direction of a magnetic field. On the other hand, Inconsistency exists in a suspension between a degree of comfort and run stability. We built suspension system as an example of the machine using MR damper. And, Inconsistency of a suspension is solved using the characteristic of MR fluid.

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The design methods of the optimum tuning and damping of the dual dynamic vibration absorber (D-DVA) for large-scale structures with very low frequencies were presented, arid the optimal construction layout which minimizes the undesirable moment applied to the base was examined. And then, for the both cases of displacement and force excitations, the approximate expressions for design parameters were proposed. Further, it was indicated that in the case of installing the D VA to the continuum structures subjected to the displacement excitation, the introduction of the new concept of the equivalent inertia mass in addition to the conventional equivalent mass and stiffness at the point of installation becomes necessary. Finally, by applying the present dual DVA to the vibration suppression of the first and the second vibration modes of a large-scale framework structure, the simulation results were obtained, showing the effectiveness of the present dual dynamic vibration absorber.

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As damping equipment for the ropeway system to reduce the swing of the carrier by wind, passive equipment which does not need a power supply can be considered to be realized easily for the system, and mass sliding equipment has been investigated and commercialized: The equipment of this system is effective in only one direction by one unit and, therefore, two units are required to damp the carrier in two directions. On the other hand, ball rolling type swing damping equipment which the writer proposes can damp the carrier not only in one direction but also in any direction by one unit. This paper describes the method of adjusting the equipment when the equipment is fitted to the ropeway carrier and the effects of the damping equipment.

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The vibration of a spring-mass-damper tilted vibration system with two rollers moved around the circle track on the mass under excitation is investigated. The results of calculation show that the vibration suppression effect for the tilted vibration system can be obtained by using two rollers (one is a parametrically exciting type roller, and another is a resonance type roller). The results of calculation also show that the vibration suppression effect can be increasing through the sliding of roller. Based on the numerical analysis and experiment, the characteristics of vibration suppression of the system are clarified.

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A new type of dynamic vibratioi absorber using semicircular arc beams has been developed The purpose of this study is the examination for reducing earthquake responses of the building installed the absorber. The analytical parameteis in the case of the building installed the absorber are mass ratio and frequency ratio of the building to the absorber, and damping of the absorber. The effect of response reduction is examined by frequency response and earthquake response analyses.

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This paper deals with analysis for layout optimization of sound absorbing materials in a muffler having expansion chamber. Elements of absorber are modeled by 3D finite element, which having complex densitiy and complex volume elasticity. By expanding the solution of complex eigenvalue problem with small parameter, equations of motion are derived using zero and first order of asymptotic components. From the equations, contribution for modal damping is derived. The sound absorber is arranged in muffler according to this contribution. Frequency response are obtained for this arranged model and availability of this method is verified.

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A numerical method is proposed to calculate dynamic dissipated energy for mixed structures including elastic body, viscoelastic body and porous body. A expression to calculate share of dissipated energy for an each element in mixed structures is derived. Using this expression, vibration transmition properties are analyzed for mixed structures composed of porous media sandwiched between steel beam and plastic sheet. Further, a spacer installed between the steel beam and the plastic sheet in the structures, to analyze deterioration of vibration by the sound bridge phenomena.

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A reciprocal method for measuring volume velocity of a rectangular panel excited by forced displacement is developed to estimate the effects of damping treatment on vibro-acoustic characteristics of the composite system. In this method, a damped panel is fixed on the upper surface of enclosure with a small cavity and constraint force at the fixed boundary of panel is measured when it is acoustically excited from the inside of enclosure. This paper shows the theory of this method and experimental results.

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This paper presents a new method for motion and vibration controls of a three-dimensional flexible shaking table. The shaking table is need of lightweight for reproducing the earthquake wave and the variety of input signal exactly. However, as the weight of shaking table is reduced, the natural frequencies of vibration modes of the table appear on operating frequency region. Such vibration modes get into problem that may cause spillover instability. So, the research purpose is to control such vibration and motion of the shaking table by using the reduced order modeling technique. Two degree-of-freedom control system is introduced. Control simulations on the discrete model are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Experimental work is shown to demonstrate a final verification.

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The 3-D Full-Scale Earthquake Testing Facility (E-Defence) is now under construction in Mild City in Hyogo.The Test model considered for this facility has a mass of 1200 tons compared to 1he shaking table mass of 750 tons, i.e.,1.6 times as heavy as the shaking table. For this reason, it is considered that the reaction force from the test model to the shaking table is considerably large, and this degrades vibration re-create performance of E-Defence. Li this study, the controller is designed by using Reaction Force FeedbackThe effectiveness of the control technique is verified through simulation and experiment

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The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) is now conducting for constructing a three-dimensional full-scale earthquake testing facility (E-Defense). This facility has 24 actuators to supply enough power to the shaking table, and will be equipped basic controller that is designed by Three Variable Control (TVC) technique. However the table was designed lighter than the capacity of maximum weight of test structure, it is supposed to have interaction between the test structure and the shaking table. Therefore, to equip a more highly developed controller, we should understand the property of table-structure coupled system with this basic controller. This study shows a simulation result of the structure-table coupled system with TVC.

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In this paper, we consider a vibration isolation control problem in case of narrow-band frequency disturbances are applied to a system. The problem is motivated by a rotating machine in the space. We make a system model by system identification experiments, and a controller is designed by a frequency shaping method based on the Tioc control. Control experiments were carried out successively, and it is verified that the controller provides the expected performances.

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We have developed a small and simple locomotion mechanism which consists of a rigid body and a bimrph resonator as an actuator. The locomotion velocity of the mechanism can be controlled by the frequency of driving voltage. Frequency characteristics of the locomotion velocity and the thrust of the mechanism and the amplitude of the free and wired ends of the bimorph piezoelectric actuator are measured and analysed. The locomotion velocity is 24 mm/s at a driving votage of 30 V_<p-p> and a driving frequency of 320 Hz.

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We have developed a small and simple mechanism which consists of an elastic body and a bimrph resonator as an actuator. The locomotion velocity of the mechanism depends on the frequency of driving voltage. Measured frequency characteristics of the locomotion velocity and the thrust of the mechanism show the peak values of 128 rnm/s and 1.3 mN at a driving voltage of 30 V_<p_p> and a driving frequency of 646 Hz. The proposed mechanism has potential for many possible applications in medical and industrial fields.

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This research aims to develop a seismic response control method for dual high-rise buildings arranged in parallel. The connected control mechanism is utilized, and semi-active control method using variable damper is applied. As a variable damper, magnetorheological (MR) damper with biased hybrid magnet is introduced. Semi-active controller is designed by two method: LQ-feedback controller based mapping design, and genetic algorithm (GA) feedback controller based mapping design. Obtained controllers are investigated through computer simulation and control experiments. The results demonstrated the capability of presented control system design.

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This paper proposes a new vibration control method for multiple tall buildings connected with actively controlled bridges. While the effectiveness of presented method applied to buildings with different heights and dynamic properties has been already established, it has also been shown that the method is not capable for buildings with the same height and dynamic properties, because no reaction force can be obtained between two same buildings. To overcome this limitation, the new method to locate the active controlled bridge to join different height of two buildings is introduced. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by simulation and experimental investigation

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In a folly automatic washing machine, the problem of the vibration due to the unbalanced mass of clothes in the dehydration process is an inevitable phenomenon. In order to reduce the excessive vibration, a liquid balancer is attached in most washing machines. The purpose of this study is creating a vibration analysis model of a washing machine that can reproduce the vibration in the transient states. When it was made, general-purpose motion analysis software ADAMS was used. In the modeling the liquid balancer, some lumped masses are applied to simplify the hydrodynamic behavior of the liquid in the liquid balancer. In this study, in order to validate the analysis model, the simulation result and experimental result are compared. In this experiment, the displacement of the tub was measured. As the result, the simulation had good agreement with the experimental result in all unbalanced conditions.

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This paper describes vibration analysis using finite element method for a viscoelastic block supported by a nonlinear concentrated spring. The restoring force of the spring has cubic nonlineariry and linear hysterisis damping. Finite element for the nonlinear spring is expressed and is connected to the viscoelastic block modeled by linear solid finite elements in consideration with complex modulus of elasticity. Further, the discretized equations in physical coordinate are transformed into the nonlinear ordinary coupled equations using normal coordinate corresponding to linear natural modes. This transformation yields computation efficiency. Influences of share of dissipated energy on nonlinear frequency responses for the viscoelastic block are clarified.

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As a means to determine accurate boundary conditions, experimental identification techniques attract interest of engineers and many techniques have been proposed. Most of the techniques developed so far are classified as frequency domain ones. This study aims to develop a technique in time domain. In practice, there are cases in which measurement of the responses at, or application of excitations on, the boundaries is difficult. So in developing the technique, it is imposed that the technique requires neither the measurement nor the application at the boundaries. As a basic study for the technique, a beam is considered. In the proposed technique, the boundaries are modeled by springs and dampers as well as equivalent masses and moments of inertia, and their characteristics are determined by using the expression of the experimental data by appropriate interpolation functions. Experiments are conducted, and the applicability of the proposed technique is confirmed.

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This paper described nonlinear vibration analysis using finite element method for automotive wiper. The characteristics were studied by modeling the arm of wiper with damped elastic body used finite elements, and the blade with nonlinear springs. For the arm, the constraint condition, and the characteristics of the spring and damping at the joint were tuned according to the results of experimental modal analysis. Characteristics of stiffness of blade rubber were identified by experimental measurement. The eigenvalue analysis of the FE model were conducted, and the results were used to calculate nonlinear resonance responses using harmonic balance method. Then the experiment verification was performed for the resulted resonance response and the effectiveness of this analysis method was confirmed.

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Two kinds of modeling approaches, namely the functional model and the bond graph, are introduced and compared each other. Both of them can explain flow and transform of energy among different physical fields, for example mechanic, electric, fluidic and thermal areas, by the common method over engineering disciplines. Functional model proposed by the authors is used as the core approach of virtual testing system for product development of machines. First, outlines of functional model and bond graph are introduced. Second, single degree of freedom mechanical and electrical systems are modeled by these two approaches as simple examples. Third, difference points between these two approaches are stated.

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We have been taken a roller coaster as a moving body on complicated 3 dimensional trajectory. This paper shows simulation method by using global coordinate x-y-z for analysis of the motion and vibration of a roller coaster. In addition, this paper shows comparison between the global coordinate x-y-z method and the coordinate s-u-z method which has been reported in our previous papers (s-axis is the direction of a length of trajectory which is tangential line for the projected trajectory on coordinate x-y). Lastly, we compare these response accelerations in each simulation method with those in experiment.

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The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum index which evaluates the operation display interface by clarifying the mechanism of the cooperativity of eye and hand. In the reason, analysis of the locus of the eye and fingertip, and measurement of the reaction time difference were carried out. As a result, T (the reaction time difference of eye and hand to the visual target) became clear as the index which evaluates the operation display interface.

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