The influential factors for undergoing cervical cancer screening were elucidated by a focus interview on 62 females divided into 3 groups ; 20-year-old university students, mothers having elementary-school children and working women. The screening rate within the past 2 years in the mothers, working women and students was 90.5%, 66.7% and 0%, respectively. Use of the local resident health-check program was dominant, and the triggers were "age" and "notification from the local government". The influential factors were summarized into 8 categories ; "lack of information/knowledge on the necessity", "hesitation due to the methodology", "reciprocal influences on undergoing the screening", "inconvenient accessability to the screening", "dissatisfaction with the screening environment", "lack of motivation", "sense of ease because of mass-screening" and "insufficient education". Among these, the screening-enhancing factors were epitomized by "sense of ease that many undergo it", and supported by "sense of solidity" and "mass-screening and use of health-screening van requiring less waiting time". Even women who underwent the screening knew the purpose insufficiently, complained about the screening environment and distrusted doctor's skill because of pains and/or bleedings. The students seemed to have less educational opportunity for preventing cervical cancer. As physical facilitating factor, screening on Saturdays, Sundays and at night was expected.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify lifestyle and consultation hope relevant to urination symptoms of the women participanted in the pelvic floor muscle exercise classes (PFMEC). A questionnaire survey was carried out among 271 female in pelvic floor muscle exercise classes held in region. Prevalence of urination symptoms was 84.1%. Pollakiuria in daytime was 12.9%, nocturia 20.3%, pollakiuria in day and night45.4%, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) 11.1%, urge incontinence 10.0%, mixed incontinence 14.0%, urgency was 31.4%. The subjects wished to consult were 37.3%. Institution wishing to consult in was the health center (46.1%), hospital and clinic (30.6%), pharmacy (8.9%). Lifestyle factor in urination symptoms were clarified by multiple logistic regression analysis. The factor in nocturia were age (OR 4.482), sound sleep (1.434) and the stress of life (1.393), drinking (1.593). Stress was correlated urgency and frequency of urination, and urge incontinence daytime. The degree of urinary symptoms showed a positive correlation with the consultation hope. It is important for the health center to provide to the participants of PFMEC information about the care and treatment. Also, we believe it to be effective establishment of consultation by nurses in medical institutions.

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[Objective] This study aimed to examine the mental health status of mothers and fathers who have children under 6. It looked at the correlation between the mental health status of mothers and fathers, and at factors with strong correlations to their mental health. The significance of this study was to offer suggestions for better mental health care for mothers. [Methods] Questionnaires were distributed to 552 couples and collected by post. The questionnaires gathered information about social background, and the General Health Questionnaire (henceforth GHQ12) was used to measure the status of mental health of the mothers and fathers. Descriptive and categorical regression analysis were mainly used for statistical analyses. [Results] 1. Mothers'mental health was significantly worse than fathers' mental health. 2. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between mothers' mental health and fathers'mental health. 3. The factors which most affected mothers' mental health were : 'father's level of education' 'mother's satisfaction with father's child rearing' and 'mother's own health'. The factors which most affected fathers' mental health were : 'mother's mental health', 'father's level of education' and 'whether father wanted the pregnancy/childbirth'. [Discussion] The results of this study suggest that the mothers' mental health status was worse than the fathers'. This might be related to the big gap between the sense of responsibility for child rearing felt by mothers and fathers. This study highlighted the importance of studying and supporting the mother and father as a couple rather than considering the mother alone. This study also suggested that it would be helpful if fathers were encouraged by healthcare services to accept unwanted children and to learn child rearing skills, and that it is important for care givers to support mothers' physical health in order to improve their mental health. Finally, this study found that the research which also considered the factor of the regional environment characteristic is indis- pensable to a mother's improvement in mental health.

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The purpose of this study was to examine whether physical activity is related to anxiety and duration of labor. Subjects included 28 primiparas with normal pregnancies and 20 subjects who gave birth vaginally after the 37th week of pregnancy. Subjects continuously were activity monitors starting 20th week until the day before delivery to measure the amount of physical activity they undertook. Anxiety was measured three times in pregnancy with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We identified regression analysis resulted in the following regression equation : number of steps=8,719.73-55.76×number of weeks pregnant (normal delivery). A moderate negative correlation was observed between mid-level physical activity during the third trimester and STAI scores. Multiple linear regression analysis with the duration of labor resulted in the following equation : Duration of labor=693.43+69.97×weight gain-7.24×ratio of the number of steps in the third trimester and number of steps in the second trimester This study clarified that the number of steps from the second trimester onward decreases with increasing duration of pregnancy and that the rate of reduction in the amount of physical activity as the pregnancy progresses and weight gain influenced on labor.

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The purpose of the present study was to review non-pharmacotherapy for perimenstrual symptoms on Japanese women and to reveal the effects of these interventions by effect size. A literature search identified 13 treatment studies. The major results were as follows : (a) Non-pharmacotherapy were classified into intervention focusing on self-monitoring, self-care, monthlybics, and psychological intervention, (b) The intervention focusing on monthlybics have been shown to improve perimenstrual symptoms. It is necessary to research about the intervention focusing on monthlybics and the psychological interventions that the studies outside Japan revealed effects for perimenstrual symptoms.

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