Animal health surveillance has been conducted for a long time targeting a variety of livestock infectious diseases in Japan. For example, surveillance of Brucellosis and tuberculosis for cattle has been conducted more than 70 years for the eradication purpose. Meanwhile, after the emergence of novel infectious diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), these diseases are added to routine surveillance. Animal health surveillance is important for decision-making in planning prevention and control measures for infectious diseases. However, to sustainably conduct animal health surveillance under limited human and financial resources, building an effective and efficient surveillance planning scheme is essential by clarifying the goal of the surveillance targeting the important diseases in animal health. In this paper, we introduce the recent initiatives to improve the animal health surveillance system in Japan, which are closely collaborating with the animal health authority. Specifically, the following contents were described in detail : 1) a renewed framework to review the surveillance systems, which involves experts of epidemiology and animal infectious diseases, local and national animal health authorities, and stakeholders ; 2) evaluation of disease-free status for Brucellosis and tuberculosis in cattle and establishment of new surveillance programs for these diseases ; and 3) establishment of new arbovirus surveillance program of cattle for enhancing early warning against arbovirus infections ; and 4) development of an animal health surveillance database system.
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