1) Water droplets 2-3mm in diameter were dropped 50cm onto the red ink filled antheridiophore disk of Marchantia polymorpha. The ink was splashed to a maximum distance of 45cm. 2) Of 224 colonies found in a small area (ca. 1.3km^2) in Nara City, 162 were sterile, 42 were female, 16 were male, and 4 were female and male (with both sexes growing together). Sporophytes were found in a single colony in which female and male plants grew intermingled. 3) Field observations of wild colonies in Kyoto City showed that the distance between the archegoniophore bearing sporophytes and the nearest old antheridiophore was less than 10cm in almost all cases. 4) Table 1 shows the results of the examination of 135 herbarium specimens. These results suggest that female and male plants must grow within a very short distance of each other in order to accomplish fertilization.

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Japanese names of mosses are now commonly used among amature bryologists in Japan. Problems of Japanese names are discussed.

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Oil-bodies 2-3 (-5) per cell ; mostly elliptical (rarely oval), finely granulose-papillose, each with one large eye spot, (5-)7-8(-10)×4-5μm.

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