The effects of submersion in terrestrial mosses were investigated. Two species of terrestrial mosses, Hypnum plumaeforme Wils. and Gollania japonica (Card.) Ando et Higuchi, were cultured in water for 16 months and 10 months respectively. Almost the same results were obtained for the two species. New shoots were developed from stem-apices or branch primordia. Smaller and scattered leaves with almost entire margins, thinner-walled lamina cells, and less differentiated alar cells were observed on new shoots which showed more julaceous foliation. Shape and cell size of leaves were rather stable.

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Rhizoidal tubers are newly found in Garckea flexuosa (Griff.) Marg. & Nork. and Ditrichum macrorhynchum Broth. Tubers of Garckea flexuosa are composed of 3-6 cells. Rhizoidal tubers of Ditrichum macrorhynchum are very similar to those of D. lineare recently reported by Matsui, Deguchi & Seppelt (1985).

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The moss flora of Japan consists of 1237 species. Of these species, 613 are dioicous, 356 monoicous, 16 dioicous and monoicous, and 252 unknown. In Japan, the frequency of dioicous mosses is the highest among the compared regions : Eastern North America, Britain and Ireland, and New Zealand. All species in Tetraphidales and Funariales are monoicous, but the majority of species in Buxbaumiales and Polytrichales are dioicous.

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A study was recently made on a small collection of Radula made by Dr. K. Stella Gambarjan in the Primorye territory of USSR. In 12 collections four species were recognized : Radula auriculata, R. complanata, R. constricta, and R. obtusiloba. R. auriculata is the first record from USSR, and R. obtusiloba is a new addition to the hepatic flora of continental USSR.

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