巻号一覧
44 巻 (1996)
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44 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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総説
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Plenary Lecture at the Biological Mass Spectrometry Conference Seto, Aichi, Japan July 3-6, 1995Anthony T. TU1996 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 293-320
発行日: 1996年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーNerve gas is a major chemical agent stockpiled as a chemical arsenal. Nerve gas was used in actual combat in the Iran-Iraq war and also in the insurgent war against Kurd minorities in Iraq. Recently, a nerve gas, sarin, was used massively against a defenseless public in Matsumoto and in Tokyo, causing a large number of deaths and injuries. This marked the first use of chemical weapons in a noncombat situation by a terrorist group. Information on nerve gas is relatively scarce; it is not easily accessible to most people. A systematic summarized article like the one here should help those who are interested in an overview of scientific information on nerve gas.
In this review article, an overall view of poisonous gas is first made. Then different aspects of nerve gas are discussed. Toxicology, treatment, detection, decontamination and control of precursors are also reviewed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1574K) -
鈴木 修, 妹尾 洋, 石井 晃1996 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 321-333
発行日: 1996年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーThe methods for analyses of drugs and poisons, which have been developed or improved in our laboratories, are reviewed. They include new techniques of solid-phase extraction with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges, solid-phase microextraction, gas chromatography with surface ionization detection and mass spectrometry in the negative chemical ionization mode. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are presented. The prospect of new developments in forensic analytical toxicology is also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (831K)
総合論文
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植木 眞琴1996 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 335-342
発行日: 1996年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーNon-medical use of doping substances is a serious problem in international sports, and it is an escalating problem. Mass spectrometry is the only authorized confirmation method according to the International Olympic Charter against Doping in Sports. Different screening procedures from drug of abuse test in society are used in sports because of the large array of substances to be detected within a day. Recent test results involve some doping cases with naturally occurring hormones. For such doping, criteria for the differentiation between doped and un-doped subject are needed. Individual based steroid testing was successfully applied to some current international sports events, and our methods uncovered the problem of dihydrotestosterone doping in top sports.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (436K)
総合論文
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—動物毒は真に毒か—
質量分析法による毒性成分の分析中嶋 暉躬, 板垣 又丕1996 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 343-354
発行日: 1996年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーVenomous animals store various toxins which are used for defense against enemies and securing food. There were number of case reports of snake-, scorpion-, wasp-, and spider bites. Since those toxins show wide variety of symptoms and have various mechanism of action on different cell types, they could be used as an invaluable tools for studies of bioactivity. Highly sensitive analytical methods for determination of spider toxin acylpolyamines from single venom gland using MALDI-sector MS, continuous flow FRIT FAB LC/MS, and MS/MS systems will be discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (739K)
総合論文
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Fumio KONDO, Ken-ichi HARADA1996 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 355-376
発行日: 1996年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーCyanobacterial toxins can be produced in freshwater lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and rivers, in brackish water lagoons and estuaries and in marine environments. They have caused the death of animals all over the world and may threaten human health. The toxins are classified as hepatotoxins and neurotoxins according to their toxic action. The hepatotoxins include the heptapeptide microcystins, pentapeptide nodularin, and alkaloid cylindrospermopsin, and the neurotoxins include alkaloids anatoxin-a, anatoxin-a(s), and aphantoxins. There have been several determination methods for the cyanobacterial toxins, which can be methodologically classified into three groups: biological, biochemical, and physicochemical methods. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for the analysis of cyanobacterial toxins, and standard fast atom bombardment (FAB) MS, liquid secondary ion (LSI) MS, and tandem FABMS (FAB-MS/MS) have been successfully used for the structure determination of the toxins. We have recently reported new analytical methods for microcystins and anatoxin-a using Frit-FAB liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), thermospray (TSP)-LC/MS, and electron ionization-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (EI-GC/MS). They have proved to be useful for simple screening, rapid identification, and sensitive quantitation of the toxins. A total analytical system for microcystins using LC/MS and GC/MS has been discussed. Additionally, mass spectrometric analysis methods for the other toxins have also been reviewed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1474K) -
佐野 浩, 坂井 美穂, 西島 美由紀1996 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 377-391
発行日: 1996年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーThe ocean is a treasure chest of novel natural products. Among various producers of such natural products, marine microorganisms are especially interesting and useful from several points of view including a potential for industrial applications. Under such circumstances, we have been conducting studies in order to establish highly efficient systems to select useful substances from marine microbial products.
Two examples of our achievements in development and establishment of instrumental systems for screening and analysis of natural products are reported herein.
One of the examples is a screening system based upon the combined information on retention time, and spectra of UV absorption and mass spectrometry provided by an HPLC with photo-diode-array-detector and a mass spectroscope used in conjunction. A novel anti-cancer antibiotic, pelagiomicin, and known substances such as sterigmatocystin, prodigiosin, and quinolone are some of the substances selected by the system.
The other example is a newly established LC-MS system to analyze very sensitively all the types of isoplenoid quinones with simple operations. The system provides very useful information for identification of microorganisms and has enabled a new approach to investigate occurrence pattern of the types of microbes selected by our screening systems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (876K)
解説
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笠間 健嗣1996 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 393-405
発行日: 1996年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーThe quadrupole mass spectrometers (QMS) are well known and used in many fields of the world. The most of these instruments are used for GC/MS, which are simple and easy for operation by full-computerization. I feel that the most of QMS user does not know how to separate ions with different mass to charge ratio (m/z) by QMS. The mechanism of ion separation on QMS was not understood easier than that of magnetic sector mass spectrometer. I explain the basis of quadrupole mass spectrometer in this commentary.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (617K)
総合論文
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桜井 達1996 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 407-414
発行日: 1996年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーA four sector time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer has been constructed in order to improve mass resolution and ion transmission simultaneously. The multiple focusing (triple isochronous focusing and triple spacial focusing) conditions were achieved by using a symmetrical arrangement of four electrostatic sectors in a mass spectrometer. The principle of metastable ion analysis using the TOF mass spectrometer has been proposed and performed. Product ion spectra have been obtained by measuring the flight time and the kinetic energy of the products without any additional separation process, any coincidence technique or any special timing circuit. The sequential decays of a metal cluster ion have been observed in a MS/MS/MS analysis mode. The first-generation product ion has been produced by a metastable decay, and the second-generation product has been produced by a sequential decay in a flight.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (492K)
解説
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中川 秀樹1996 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 415-429
発行日: 1996年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーBoth MALDI and ESI are well-known ionization method which have been worthy of remark among mass spectrometrists. FTMS is a mass analyzer which can be used for each ionization method with very high mass resolving power and mass accuracy. Here we introduce some MALDI/FTMS and ESI/FTMS spectra with the new topics among the FTMS users. The new topics include SORI (Sustained Off-Resonance Irradiation) and QE (Quadrupolar Excitation) techniques.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (734K)
総合論文
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中西 豊文, 岸川 匡彦, 宮崎 彩子, 清水 章1996 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 431-441
発行日: 1996年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーThe soft ionization mass spectrometry such as MALDI-TOF and ESI are powerful tools for the detection of proteins, peptides and other biological molecules in body fluids. Since biologically active compounds occur at very low concentrations in mixtures containing salts, there has arisen the need for some special sample handling techniques. In this study, we described some simple preparations for the detection of abnormal proteins in blood and urine prior to the analysis by MALDI-TOF and ESI mass spectrometry.
First, by only dilution with distilled water to 10-150 times, albumin and the incomplete immunoglobulin heavy chain in sera and albumin, Bence Jones protein, β2-microglobulin, hemoglobin and lysozyme in urine from patients with nephritis, monoclonal gammopathy and monocytic leukemia were clearly detected. Second, adsorption of albumin with Blue gel or IgG with Protein G Sepharose 4FF could be improved the sensitivities and signal-to-noise ratios for the detections of these proteins. Finally, by immunoprecipitations with specific antisera, proteins at lower concentrations, such as carbohydrate deficient transferrin, could be easily detected using MALDI-TOFMS as well as on-line HPLC/ESIMS analysis.
As to the analysis of variant hemoglobinopathy, the peptides prepared by digestion of intact globin were analyzed and nearly 90 significant peaks were detected by a single spectrum from ESI analysis. Ion peaks which were assigned with some degree of certainly covered whole sequence from a- and b-subunits. Especially, at the analysis of a variant hemoglobin “core”, the free cystein residue would be converted into cysteic acid by performic acid oxidation before enzymatic cleavage, which would increase the recoveries of the peptides in the “core” regions. The tandem mass spectrometry with oxidized globin mixture digested with trypsin and lysyl endopeptidase will offer a standard method to detect substitution in the “core” region of hemoglobin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (522K) -
谷口 寿章1996 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 443-457
発行日: 1996年
公開日: 2007/07/20
ジャーナル フリーCapillary high-performance liquid chromatography was connected on-line to the electrospray interface of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Samples containing dilute protein or nucleic acids in salt-containing buffers were desalted and concentrated in the capillary reversed-phase column, and the column eluate was directly analyzed with the electrospray mass spectrometry. Both intact proteins purified from bovine brain and peptide mixtures made from the proteins by protease digestion were successfully analyzed by the LC/MS method. With two phosphoproteins known as in vivo major substrates of protein kinase C, various species with a mass difference of 80 Da were resolved, suggesting that the isolated proteins contained species phosphorylated in vivo to different degrees. Protease digests were analyzed with the same LC/MS method to identify the in vivo phosphorylation sites. The phosphopeptides thus identified were further subjected to MS/MS analysis to establish exact phosphorylation sites. The same methodology was applied to studies on nucleic acids, especially on the posttranscriptional modifications of tRNA. The results thus obtained revealed many hitherto unknown sites of modifications in proteins and in nucleic acids, demonstrating the power of the LC/MS analysis based on electrospray ionization.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1064K)
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