This paper is the result that applied Non-Linear Crack Mechanics when Plane stress condition and Plane strain condition. The difference in crack opening shape under plane stress conditions and plane strain conditions was investigated up to an equivalent plastic strain value of approximately 20%.

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A multi-view synchronized movie of the spark discharge phenomenon was taken by a high-speed camera with F1.7 lenses. As a result, we were able to capture the spark discharge phenomenon brighter and at a higher speed. Furthermore, it became possible to see the spatial structure of the discharge, which was not well understood until now.

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This paper contains a report on the activities of the project at National Institute of Technology, Oyama College in 2022. In the ROBOCON Project, we are training engineers through robot contests such as KOSEN ROBOCON. In the national competition in KOSEN ROBOCON 2022, we won top8 of 26 teams.

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This paper contains a report on the educational guidance based on flow theory for STEAM education. We confirmed that the flow theory is effective for teaching students who participate in robot contests. Additionally, we revealed about relationship between team performance and outcomes.

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Glioblastoma (GBM) cells use multiple ways of communication with the tumor microenvironment to tune it for their own benefit. Among these, extracellular vesicles (EV) have emerged as a focus of study in the last few years. Polyphenols and saponins are reported to have many advantages for anti-cancer effects such as high accessibility, low toxicity, and specificity of response, but have limited usage in clinics because of their poor bioavailability and rapid metabolism. Therefore, it would be useful to find a new drug delivery system to improve the bioavailability of natural products in vivo. In this paper, we present on the possibility of using a variety of steroid saponins to treat GBM cells with the purpose of increasing the autophagic potential thereby resulting in an increase of EV production. As an end result, we concluded that the pathway of action differs depending on the concentration. Steroid saponins may have increased EV production by activating autophagy through acid β-glucosidase (GBA) activation.

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The environmental impact of discharging large volumes of seawater containing high concentrations of nitrogen components is becoming increasingly problematic. An evaluation test was conducted on the removal ability of nitrogen components contributed by Rice Wave, a newly developed and manufactured polymeric material. As a result, although the adsorption capacity of nitrogen component ions was not observed, it was found that the removal capacity (biodegradation) was almost the same as that of conventional filter media when marine bacteria were administered, indicating that it can be used as a replacement for existing filter media. And the performance of denitrification was not sufficient, suggesting that measures such as pH control and increasing the density of added denitrifying bacteria are necessary.

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We focused on the approach space of special nursing homes where contact between facility and local residents occurs first and examined the structure of attitudes of the local people. The results are as follows 1. The state of the site, which is spatially connected to the local area, is associated with the residents' individual psychological states such as healing and stress. The possibility of triggering emotions related to the individual psychology of the residents, such as stress, was confirmed. 2. The condition of the site strong on the local people evaluation.

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The purpose of this paper is an analysis of the validity of peer assessment during ethics class in technical college and university. As already pointed out in many antecedence researches, the reliability of peer assessment by students tends to resemble assessments by teachers. In this paper, I prove that the result of analysis about the peer assessment in my ethics classes is similar to the result about peer assessment in antecedence researches.

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This paper is a Japanese translation of A.V. Pachkalov, “Ocherk po istorii Starogo i Novogo Saraev – stolits Zolotoi Ordy,” Azerbaidzhan i azerbaidzhantsy, 103/104(1/2), 2009, pp. 122–128. Regarding Sarai – the ‘capital’ of the Jochid Ulus – it is the established theory that Old Sarai was located at the Selitrennoe site, and New Sarai at the Tsarevskoe site, both on the Akhtuba river, a tributary of the Volga. However, new theories that disagree with this have emerged: these theories claim that there was only one Sarai (Selitrennoe), or that New Sarai was the Selitrennoe and Old Sarai was located at different places. Among them, Pachkalov is leading the new theories, according to which New Sarai was located at the Selitrennoe site, while Old Sarai at the Krasnoyarskoe / Krasny Yar site in the Volga Delta. The article translated here is the most concise survey of the author's theory, based on archaeological and numismatic findings. Another reason for selecting this article is that it is a concise but well-crafted summary of the historical sources on Sarai. In the translation, the article itself does not contain many notes on the historical sources, but where possible, these are supplemented with a ‘translator's note’. We hope that this will be of assistance in future research on Sarai.

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