[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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A Fundamental Study on the Relation between Techniques and Skills in Construction Work First, the paper deals with a historical review the relation between techniques and skills in construction work, which has revealed that it has been evolved., along the times. This paper summaries the evaluation in historical perspectives and casts some thoughts on the future division. Next, by hearing from construction companies and by understanding a field work at construction site, the evaluation system of skilled workers has been reconsidered. From the above, the following findings are obtained:(1) techniques and skills were inevitably put in one person before industrial modernization, but they were separated when modern foreign techniques were introduced: and (2) the current evaluation system for skilled construction workers does not properly appreciate their skills. In view of findings, the paper proposes that the character skilled construction workers for next generation should be “the whole worker” who is capable of field skills, design techniques and construction techniques. This transformation may be possible when techniques world become much easier to get acquainted with in the future.

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By the analyses of statistic data of public works, it is clear that public works are put to the contract as they complete in March, the end of the financial year. This cause the change of the amount of public works every month.
The effects of putting a steady amount of public works are these two. 1) Number of staff and amount of public works are balanced. 2) Financial condition of contractors become good.
I tried to evaluate the effect in money term, and estimated it in case of general contractors their capital are 10-99 million yen. The result is that they can reduce personnel expenses by 54.9-317.1 billion yen. Based on the result, I think we can save 109.8-634.2 billion yen in all.
Not only we can save money, we can manage and supervise sites better and it lead to better quality of the works.

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Various action plans, action principles and proposals based on the current structures of government administration and enforoed law system in Japan will not apply for the globalization towards 21 century.
Social and structural reform in Japan should meet the globalization Administrative organizations should take positive aooess-free policy related to information about public project's process and executions.
On the other hand, taxpayers and people should take the responsibility for proposals, participation, observation and audit of public projects. Based on actual information related to public projects, taxpayers and people should develop and promote their intelligent discussion about them, materialize and perform their agreed proposals to construct our better society. This is the right way to reduce the cost of public projects.

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Due to the severe financial conditions, the budgets for the public works are requested to reduce, recently. On the other hand, an objective, transparent and competitive procedure of bidding and contract have been eagerly sought in Japan, due to both happening of “ dango”, or unfair trade on public works bidding in early 1990s, and the request from foreign countries for the opening of the construction market of Japan.“ Action Plan for Improvement of Bidding and Contract Procedures in Public Works” was decided at the Cabinet in June, 1994, which proposes to give more severe penalty for the unfair trade, for example. Unfair trades may be increased under current severe conditions, it is important to take effective measures to prevent them. Due to that it is difficult to obtain an objective data on unfair trade because of its nature, there have been few theoretical analysis on this subject. Looking at the fact that the “dango” is completed only when all the people concerned agree to participate, the paper analyzes the behavior using the Threshold Model.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Recently many troubles and opposite campaigns by citizens or nature lovers have occurred in public projects in Japan. The reason is citizens are concerned to environment or the way of use of tax. So it is very much important to form consensus for public projects. The conclusion of this paper is, information disclosure as to public projects has merits and demerits, but it is considered to be the condition of forming consensus. For some public projects, public involvement is necessary to form consensus and information disclosure enables to involve citizens to public projects.

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Since late 1980s, the number of Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) type infrastructure projects that have been executed in Asia counts approximately 150. To meet the Asia's huge demand in infrastructure development and management, the unique BOT method will be implemented increasingly in the upcoming 21^st century. The aim of this paper is to investigate the basic structure and explore the characteristics of the risks involved in the BOT projects located in Asian developing countries. Risks are categorized into nine different groups. Appropriate solutions and methods to reduce and manage each risk are also discussed. Five actual power projects from Asian developing countries are selected for a comparative study.

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In this study, it is aimed to develop a new type mathematical model to obtain optimal planning and scheduling with the minimum project cost for construction project and a new type network planning and scheduling model for solving optimal resource allocation problem through determining total amount allocated to construction project is developed as follows: At first stage an optimal scheduling problem with the minimum idle cost consumed by operations of construction resources is formulated through the topological analysis based on the theory of graph and network structure. After formulating scheduling model a mathematical model formulation and an algorithm to solve it effectively is established from the different viewpoint from existing PERT-type network planning scheduling method based on the analysis of topological characteristics of construction project network. At the second stage the scheduling model formulated above is transformed to equivalent optimization model formulated utilizing the cut set structure and the route set structure, and an effective algorithm is developed adopting DP procedure in which the algorithm is established as optimal resources allocation problem in cut-network which is transformed topologically from original project network.

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This study aims to discuss the theoretical modeling and develop the solution method for the multi project planning on the regional coprehensive development. In this study, the projects that are planned at Maihara Cho, located at the east shore of Lake Biwa, is taken as the case study. The solution method is developed and tuned from the standpoint of solving the network resource allocation problem, which is discussed by HARUNA and NAMERIKAWA. Thus, 11 projects are discussed, but the each development cost is given as the provisional values. Then, the optimized schedule is taken, and it is cleared that job constraints are not so important for this time schedule.

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Super-projects are built by investing large amounts of money, time and manpower. These irreversible projects have a profound impact on the market price and are very difficult to manage because the definition of objectives by decision makers at each level of the super-project is so different. In this paper, the author tries to develop an optimization model which is based on cost-benefit-analysis and risk-analysis for super-project decision makers on procurement management with due consideration of the hierarchical organization of the construction industry.

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After over 4 decades of development, nuclear power is currently at a crossroads. Different countries adopt different policies on nuclear power. A critical factor in deciding the future of nuclear power is nuclear regulations in which main parts is licensing and inspection because they are closely related to both nuclear safety and nuclear competitiveness. This paper tries to analyze general advantages and disadvantages of different licensing and inspections in three countries, namely USA, Japan and France through case studies. The paper is composed of six parts: background, case description, common features, different features, general analysis of advantages and disadvantages and conclusion.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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The number of construction labor accidents has not decreased dramatically for the ast ten years. To find a new direction of construction safety management, it seems useful to develop a conceptual model to represent the relationship between safety management and occurrence of accidents.
In the first part of this paper, an attempt is made to develop the above conceptual model considering the variability of general contractors' characteristics and construction productivity. In the second half of the paper, an field observation is made on a gas pipe installation site. A statistical model is developed to quantitatively obtain the effects of factors influencing site productivity. The relationship between safety and productivity on a construction site is then discussed

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Recently, construction industry is required to clarify their role and scope regarding responsibility of owner, designer and contractor, due to request for cost reduction, request for guarantee and improvement of quality by the nation.
Also, tender and contract systems for public construction works have been improved and the systems become more open, objective and competitive. Under such a condition, the Ministry of Construction takes initiative to introduce various tender and contract systems (VE, DB and CM method, etc.) for further cost reduction, guarantee and improvement of quality.
Therefore, the systemtization of construction management education becomes importent because civil engineer's technical capability have to adapt for environmental change. This study refers to the manegement education system for civil engineers.

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The concrete placement scheduling is most important in planning of concrete dam construction. To make more reasonable concrete placement schedule, various restrictions must be considered, and the planners have to examine as many alternatives of schedule plans as possible.
Accordingly a scheduling system for dam-concrete placement using personal computer has been developed. This system can deal with layer method, extended layer method and roller compacted dam-concrete method, and cope with many technical and managerial restrictions for selecting the block to be placed appropriately. Furthermore, the data relating with concrete volume, work restrictions and so on can be operated easily and interactively because this system has been developed using graphical user interface.

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Time and cost trade-off model (TCT model) for optimal scheduling procedure of construction 2project was proposed in our previous paper. However, the mathematical model for TCT model was much complicated with many conditional inequalities and its application to the large-scale network could be hardly done. In this paper, another effective scheduling procedure in place of TCT model, FPERT/FCPM model, are proposed, which assure the same time and cost trade-off schedule as in TCT model.Proposed FPERT/FCPM model is applicable to the large-scale network and provides the decision maker with a practical tool to contorol cost and time, effectively.

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In this study multiprojecting planning method is studied from the planning and managemental viewpoint as follows: A cooperating planning problem between multiple land development project through cooperation is supply and demand relation considering balance of soil among multiple projects is studied and the cooperating concept is formulated as mutiprojecting concept between multiprojects form the viewpoint of construction project management for multiple land development of integrated urban development.
After formulating multiprojecting concept, it is examined that the effect of introduction of multiprojecting planning method through experimental computer simulation of multiprojecting planning in case study at Maihara urban development.

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