Early traffic warning systems against heavy rainfall carry out traffic regulations before disasters occur in order to reduce risks of slope disasters caused by heavy rainfall. The objective of-the system is prevention of the losses of life and injury caused by the disaster. It has the disadvantage, however, that drivers cannot pass the route, appearing when the slope disaster does not occur under the traffic regulation.
In this proposal, we investigate the social economic losses when a slope collapses or early traffic warning systems are carried out, considering the probability of failure of slope. More specifically, social economic losses are classified into direct losses and indirect losses. The direct loss is related to cost of slope restoration and compensation for damages to vehicles, passengers and private properties. On the other hand, the indirect loss is related to losses to road users due to diversions during interruption of road service caused by slope failures or the traffic regulation by the early traffic warning system. Furthermore, we utilize Tank Model in order to consider the ground water level change to calculate a probability of slope failures by a difference of rainfall patterns and continuities.
While the conventional early traffic warning system is based on the historical records of slope disasters, the system which we propose is based on the social economic losses. Regarding accumulated rain as a criterion for traffic regulations against heavy rainfall, we propose the method for establishment of the early traffic warning system focuses on socio-economic view points.

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An evaluation method that can express the local leakage of leachate from joint sections in steel pipc sheet pile (SPSP) cutoff walls is discussed, in this study. In particular, the evaluation of environmental feasibility (containment of leachates containing toxic substances) considering a three-dimensional arrangement and hydraulic conductivity distribution of the joint sections in the SPSP cutoff wall is compared with an evaluation that generally uses the equivalent hydraulic conductivity. This equivalent hydraulic conductivity assumes that the joint section and the steel pipe are integrated; therefore, the hydraulic conductivity is substituted with a uniform permeable layer. However, in an evaluation that employs the equivalent hydraulic conductivity, it is difficult to consider the local leakage of leachate containing toxic substances from the joint sections in the SPSP cutoff wall. This paper concluded that evaluations of the environmental feasibilities of the SPSP cutoff walls with joint sections must take into account the local leakage of leachates containing toxic substances from the joint section.

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This study describes method to determine risk due to landslide and applies Certainty Factor (CF) model to determine landslide susceptible area along the most important highway in Bhutan. The quantification of the risk in terms of total duration of road blockages was done based on the data collected from eleven years eight months period Kuensel (weekly newspaper of central government). The total traffic and passenger losses determined with freight and passenger transport value losses in terms of dollar values indicated that the road operation risk would have significant impact in terms of economic value for the country. The certainty factor model that used 149 cases of the existing landslide with its affecting parameters indicated that the landslide certainty factor increases with the increase of slope value above 30° for the slopes facing towards the south. The rainfall parameter showed the increase in certainty value from the rainfall intensity of 7.76 mm/day. The lithological and land use parameters used indicated the certainty of landslides in phyllite areas and barren area with grasses. Application of the certainty factor model along the most important highway in Bhutan could delineate the susceptible areas similar to the existing landslides.

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The object of this study is to investigate an evaluation method for flexible infrastructure planning under uncertainly, as an example of the expressway interim service in Japan. The expressway interim service is measures with the flexibility which will be able to choose whether to expand the number of lanes or not in consideration of the state of traffic demand. In this study, the variation in traffic volume and fluctuation in prices of commodity which are major uncertain factors during interim service period is calculated based on existing statistics. Then, the value of flexibility in the expressway interim service is estimated by the costbenefit analysis method and the real option approach.

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Inba Lake locating at North West in Chiba Prefecture has been suffered by 2 different flooding factors. One is so-called “Sotomizu” meaning the flood from Tone River and the other is “Uchimizu” meaning the flood from the Inba Lake basin. Although flood disasters around Inba Lake have been mitigated by the dykes and the drainage pump stations, the safety level of the flood control is still insufficient for the urbanizations area.
Therefore this study reviews a flood control for the urbanized Inba Lake basin, in addition to previous flood control, evaluates function improvement of flood control facilities and basin management quantitatively, and proposes a new flood control measures by utilizing a potential retarding function of the Inba Lake. Specifically, (1) Evaluation of allowable flood capacity of Inba Lake by a simulation model, (2) A basic flood control measure, (3) A comprehensive and economical flood control measure by an empirical examination, are proposed.

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The main purpose of this research is to examine methods for managing conflicts in the public participation process for infrastructure managements. This research focuses on the conflict assessments and mediation methods, and examines the appropriate way to introduce them in the context of both instrumental framework and social system of infrastructure managements.

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This paper discusses the factors that could help a community-based neighbourhood regeneration project to achieve sustainable organizational structure, which is deemed to be the prerequisite to bring about the intended project outcomes. Through a case study of a sport-based social inclusion programme targeted at young people living in a deprived neighbourhood in Glasgow, it illustrates the process of a football coaching project going through sustainable and progressive project development to become a multi-dimensional holistic programme to support the young people who were disadvantaged in their transition into adulthood. In so doing, the focus is placed upon the interaction between the urban regeneration partnership scheme, namely Social Inclusion Partnership, and the local project run by a voluntary organization.

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In this study, a pavement management system was developed by use of pavement performance data collected by local government of Iwate prefecture. We analyzed the relationship between long term levels of service for a road pavement and annual budget for its maintenance and repair. According to a reduction of an annual budget for road maintenance and repair in recent years, it would be impossible to continue to maintain whole road network in the near future. The roads which would be impossible to continue to maintain was calculated under the conditions including an annual budget given and was depicted on GIS. The MCI was used as the index of the level of service of a road pavement and the deterioration of it. A long term simulation of pavement maintenance over the road network was executed. The calculation included the selection of a method of pavement maintenance on each road link and totalized the cost under an annual budget. It was confirmed quantitatively and visually that it became impossible to continue to maintain whole road network, after an annual budget was extremely decreased. We need to abandon the maintenance of whole road network and choose the road continuing to perform. This paper aimed to make a consensus for a long term planning of maintenance and repair of the regional road network that contains a determination of level of service for the network and a required annual budget.

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In this paper, a covariance structure model and contingent valuation method (CVM) are presented to analysis the benefit evaluation and prioritization of renewal works of rest facilities on expressway. This study proposed a methodology to valuate the optional functions and the benefits demanded from rest facilities on expressway using a covariance structure model and CVM. Some basic functions as a washroom and the optional functions are expressed as structure concepts, and the relationship between observed variables, which are obtained by questionnaire survey to user, and structural concepts. As a result, the preference in the washroom in each rest facility corresponding to user's characteristic was calculated by clarifying the user needs for the washroom in the rest facility. In addition, the structural concepts are used as explanatory variables of utility function and the benefit of the function improvement of the rest facility was measured from the WTP of the user who acquired it by the questionnaire survey. The practical availability of the methodology presented in this paper is investigated by a case study dealing with the washroom renewal in rest facilities in expressway.

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This chapter focuses on a compensation for vicinity resident as constructing garbage processing plant. The Basic Guidelines for reduce dioxin levels were drow up in 1997. Therefore, To make the garbage processing efficiency, the garbage processing in wide area is executed in various places in reacent years. However, serious problems were caused by this plan. One of the biggest problems is the protest campaign caused by the vicinity resident, because of the lack of explanation and the closed-door of information. In the light of this ploblem, it is important to obtaine the resident's mutual agreement. This paper presented a compensation evaluation by CVM on constructing garbage processing plant.

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Earthquake is a disaster which often forces engineers and common people to pay attention, particularly, when large-scale earthquake occurs in residential where many non-engineered houses are present. The resulting destruction often leaves further social and environmental problems. Many are left homeless, and a large volume of rubble must be scrupulously handled. This research concerns the relief action of an earthquake aftermath, in which the reconstruction program for the victims becomes the focus of the analysis. Some previous researches on earthquake reconnaissance are reviewed, a case study is taken from the reconstruction program of the Yogyakarta earthquake aftermath, and a pilot project of cast-in-place re-mortar wall was conducted and observed. Three methods of rubble handling related to reconstruction schemes; new bricks and re-bricks system (Scheme-I), re-bricks and re-mortar blocks system (Scheme-II), and re-bricks and cast-in-place re-mortar wall system (Scheme-III); were analyzed and discussed. It has been concluded that the application of rubble recycling could reduce wall construction cost up to 20%. Although the case study was taken from Indonesia, the result may be applied to other reconstruction programs in other regions, especially those with similar conditions and developments.

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Infrastructure facilities perform multifaceted functions and have a wide variety of effects upon our society. For coordinating management policies and being accountable to the public, a public manager must comprehend multiple functions of public facilities and various opinions expressed by a lot of stakeholders. This paper proposes the evaluation method for infrastructural asset management using multidimensional scaling. The methodology makes clear differences in people's opinion and viewpoints and shows relative ranking of projects' achievements. The methodology presented in this paper was applied to a case example of highway facility management. As a result, it was shown that this method can specify a conflict among stakeholders' viewpoints. In addition, the method can be utilized to verify the validity of evaluation items.

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The uniqueness of Construction products, such as social infrastructures can be defined as “a project”. Therefore the concept of Project Management can lead managers to the effective situation at any time.
The Quality of the final product may be directly affected, or influenced, by many factors apart from the Contract requirements and specifications which are often strongly interrelated, including; design and technical inputs, interfacing projects and developments, culture and environmental factors that can all lead to some trade-offs or compromises. Due to this structural complexity, it is very difficult to identify specific factors to focus on that would ensure and guarantee that customer satisfaction is achieved.
In this paper we utilize the results of a survey carried out amongst construction site managers in Japan and overseas to develop a spatial network, where we define that the interaction of management factors as a weighted graphical model. This is then analyzed using the minimum circulation distance and Warshall-Floyd algorism methodology to find the key factor and most direct mechanism for maintaining/influencing construction quality. Based on the results of our analysis, and the latest procurement policies adopted by the “Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism” in Japan, we conclude with some suggestions for increasing accountability within the civil engineering industry.

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In order to promote infrastructure management that takes into consideration the challenging social and economic conditions and the occurrence of many natural disasters in recent years, it is necessary to define what infrastructure management should be like from the viewpoints of both risk management and asset management. From these viewpoints, this paper proposes a GIS-based slope risk evaluation system implemented as part of the road slope disaster prevention integrated management system, and shows an example of a system applied to the evaluation of road slopes in a real road network. The slope risk evaluation system is a GIS-based package of analysis systems for a number of tasks including the automatic acquisition of slope data from three-dimensional topographic data, the calculation of the annual probability of rain-induced failure of each slope, and road network risk evaluation based on detour loss. The slope risk evaluation system is a promising tool for assisting in decision making that uses the risk evaluation technique for road slope disaster prevention. This study aims to define the direction of a road slope disaster prevention integrated management system that combines asset management and risk management.

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Owners in the public sector and contractors in the private sector have traditionally conducted the diverse management tasks for executing public works in Japan.
Construction management (CM) system, where partial commissions of such management tasks are conducted by third sector, has introduced into some public works on a trial basis in recent years. Its effectiveness and possibility for substantial introduction of CM system are now under investigation.
The application of CM system requires well-defined needs and merits for construction management, well-defined scopes of services and duties of the CM service providers, and estimates of appropriate costs for management tasks.
This paper has especially suggested necessities and some concerned issues for applying CM system into public works in near future.

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The repair range must be appropriately decided for effective pavement management. Pavement deterioration depends on its location, therefore it is optimal to repair only deteriorated place (independent repair policy), if life cycle cost is composed of only repair cost. However, sometimes, deteriorated place and not-deteriorated place are simultaneously repaired (simultaneous repair policy), because of traffic delay during repair activities. This paper consider traffic delay cost during pavement repair in life cycle cost, and describe the effect of simultaneous repair policy. As a result of case study implemented to Hanshin Expressway, simultaneous repair policy is optimal when traffic delay occurs, but independent repair policy is optimal when traffic delay does not occur. Simultaneous repair policy decreased 37.5 thousand billion yen per a year of its life cycle cost.

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Wide variety in mechanical and electrical sewerage equipments (MESE) causes difficulty in evaluation of service life in physical asset macro-management. This paper tries to analyze MESE life time by evaluating monetarily expenditure of MESE and by applying Weibull distribution to statistical MESE data of all Japan.
Estimated parameters of Weibull distribution are 4.34 and 29.2. Average service life and standard deviation are calculated to be 26.6 and 6.9 years. Using that distribution, future rehabilitation expenditure of MESE in all Japan is also predicted to be approximately 680 billion yen per year.

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It is essential for both contractors and clients to properly manage risks for cost increase due to delay in construction and other uncertain factors in public works projects.
This study first organizes questionnaire data from contractors of MLIT Kanto Region's FY 2007 public works projects by dividing broadly due to three types of risk-related matters:(1) alteration of contract price, (2) field conditions necessary for undertaking construction, and (3) procedures for consultation between contractors and clients and other problems resulting from the client side, and then, deeply analyzes the following three basic background factors:(1) vague sharing of responsibility for risk management between contractors and clients, (2) one-sided dispute settlement and other biased elements in the operation of the contract, and (3) risk management system of both sides.
After reviewing the policies and measures which have been implemented to solve the problems under the existing legal system, this study examines fundamental problems inherent in the current system by suggesting promising directions in (1) dispute settlement, (2) field supervision, and (3) government cost estimate.

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Recently, the quality defect problem is arising in public works. Many countermeasures to ensure quality have been implemented based on “Bill for Ensuring the Quality of Public Works” enforced in 2005. However, one of the causes of quality defect problem is that project management system does not work enough in Japanese Public Works. Project management system in Japanese construction industry does not have integrated among time, cost, quality and safety management functions, and to ensure enough quality, project management system should have integrated time, cost, quality and safety functions. Actual situation of project management system in Japanese construction industry was studied by investigation of Construction method statement, Schedule diagram and Cost breakdown of actual projects, questionnaire survey with active engineers and investigation of laws and standard conditions of contract in Japanese Public Works. Based on the study, countermeasures were found out. In order to improve the system the most important countermeasures recommended are to make Construction method statement, Schedule diagram and Cost breakdown as a part of tender documents and to give them contractual binding force.

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A total station (TS) is electric stadimeter and transit which can measure simultaneously distance by laser and an angle by universal instrument. and it is used generically in the public survey. Meanwhile. the Ministry of Land. Infrastructure. Transport and Tourism is promoting construction management by using Information and Communication Technology (ICT). As a part of the promoting.as-build management of construction management was proposed for as-build management method by using the TS. However.asbuild management by using the TS was not defined management method. so it was not promoted.
In this study.as-build management method by using the TS was developed as a manual for the purpose of the promoting in efficiency. In addition. it was conducted the trial work for the manual by using the system which consisted of TS and software by using the TS (TS system). and it was verified applicability. By the verification result. the as-build management method as the manual which used the TS system could be realized by the real work. In addition. it has shown that as-build management method as a manual can be realized speeding up in construction.improving quality, and speeding up in check inspection.

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In the construction project of the underground structure, such as the mountain tunnels, the construction cost is estimated based on the information obtained by the geological survey.
However, it is impossible to understand whole geological condition in a site, since the amount of the investigation is limited because of prior to construction limitation of budget allocated for the project.
Especially, the geological investigation using elastic waves, which is common in design phase of mountain tunnels to be excavated in more than 100m depth, involves the uncertainty Therefore, it is important to consider the uncertainty of the ground evaluation at the investigation stage.
From such a view point, this study aims to develop the methodology to evaluate cost variation caused by geotechnical risl, in the mountain tunnel construction projects, and attempts to investigate the effect of overburden on cost estimation of the difference between the presumption construction cost and the construction cost is examined.

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The construction process has a long lifecycle, involving; a planning phase, investigation phase, designing phase, tendering & contracting phase, construction phase, maintenance and renovating phase. Within this lifecycle, the construction phase particularly requires the use of significant quantities of construction materials, machines, manpower and capital within relatively short period. Therefore, to ensure outputs are optimized, and all expectations of project proponents are achieved, effective and efficient management strategies and methodologies must be adopted.
An Earned Value Management System (EVM) is an integrated concept which can be applied to manage construction cost and time as conceived by the Department of Defense (USA), and subsequently widely adopted throughout the world by many governmental organizations andprivate enterprises. The use of EVM has also been made more available through the providers of mainstream project management software, such as “Primavera Project Planner” and “MS Project”, by the inclusion of EVM functions within their systems.
Our paper considers on the relationship between construction resources and programme through analysis of a resourced network model and application of Graph Theory “between-ness index” to determine important key activities. The output from our analysis has then been applied as a prototype on an oversea project, to weight the planned value of the EVM in line with the identified key activities. The practical effectiveness of our proposed EVM was thereafter monitored verified and validated through a series of extensive and robust physical site trials, with positive results and conclusions.

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On the pavement in snowly cold region, water spray is carried out as a snow removal activity in winter. Therefore in most cases, pavement surface is in water-soaked condition, and it causes the occurrence of a lot of pot halls. Usually, for the pot halls, urgent repair is immediately conducted using patching mixtures. However under these circumstances, the patching mixture falls away soon due to the constraint in the construction. Consequently, as for the maintenance in snowly cold region, it is important to develop the optimal repair method or patching mixture material for such region. In order to provide the basic investigation of this issue, this study statistically evaluates the durability of the patching mixtures of pot halls. Concretely, the occurrence process of pot halls are modeled by the Weibull hazard model, and the durability performance of the patching mixtures is verified by estimating the hazard model based on the inspection data of actual pot halls on the national road in snowly cold region and monitoring data after repairing them.

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Japanese construction industry after the burst of bubble economy is facing problems such as reduction of domestic construction investment and low bidding for construction projects. Moreover, there have been growing concerns on opening the Japanese construction market to international constructors, reforming bidding system and eradicating the collusive bidding-Dango in construction projects. It is assumed that future prospect of construction market includes entry of overseas companies to Japanese construction market and expansion of overseas business of Japanese construction companies in outside world. These issues require the Japanese construction industry to change its operating principle from “principle of cooperation” to “ principle of competition”. In addition, the Japanese construction industry will require having project management competitiveness in addition to technological excellence in order to be competitive in international construction market. This paper presents a comparative study of project management in construction in Japanese and the US construction industry. The findings discussed in this paper are useful for the construction industry stakeholders for construction industry reformation and for improving international competitiveness of Japanese contractors.

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Excessively low-priced bidding for public works has long been a frequent subject of discussion, and various measures have been taken to meet the situation. The number of such unfavorable bidding began an extreme upward trend for FY 2005 MLIT projects. After two sets of urgent measures were implemented by the end of 2006, the situation began to be restored to its normal state.
This study first outlines the countermeasures against very low price bidding taken after the open tendering was introduced as well as the circumstances in which the current low-priced bid checking system was established. Second, it summarizes ill effects of excessively low-priced bidding that may cause quality loss of projects and exhaustion of the construction industry after giving a background to the recent emergence of such low-priced bidding. Third, it overviews the present status of the tendering and contracting system of prefectural and municipal governments. Fourth, it discusses how the 2006 urgent countermeasures were designed, focusing on the significance of the proposed construction-process checking system as part of the comprehensive evaluation and also the low-priced bid special checking system.
The problem of lower prices has roots in the cost-based system where lowest bidder is always awarded a contract. In that sense, this study confirms that the policy of seeking value for money should be brought into shape as stated in the Act for Promoting Quality Assurance in Public Works, 2005.

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The object of this study is to analyze the Overall Evaluation Bidding Method using disclosed tender data in Japan. The coefficient of variance of bid price and technology evaluation is calculated to evaluate the competitiveness in individual bidding. And the competitiveness of individual construction company under overall evaluation is analyzed to understand bidding behavior. As a result, characteristic and issues of the Overall Evaluation Bidding Method is showed in this study.

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Up to now, a bidding price is the only criteria to decide the winner of contract. The decrease of public works budget incurred severe bidding price competition, and sometimes caused the dumping.“The Law Promoting the Quality Assurance of Public Works” was enforced in the year 2005, and requests to adopt Integrated Evaluation System. In the system, the company that shows the highest evaluated value can win the contract. Companies are supposed to behave so as to maximize the evaluated value based on their technical capabilities, owner's minimum requirements and so on. This paper aims to find out the bidder's behavior model. First, we defined the technical capability function that shows the relation between the quality of construction work and the bidding price, then obtain the relation between the additional cost to the minimum requirement and the achievable quality. The behavior model is obtained by maximizing the function in terms of the cost. The constructed model is used for the analysis of the bidding behavior from the view points of the owner and the bidder.

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The tendering and contracting system for public works has experienced many revisions aiming to prevent bid rigging and extremely low bidding starting in the Edo period when people created a way to give out a contract and going through the Meiji period up to the present date. This study first trace the history of the tendering and contracting system and then analyze the questionable points of the current system for pricing regulation, business and engineering evaluation and so on.
Based on those discussions it suggests the future direction of relevant systems including the Public Account Law and the business and engineering evaluation system from the viewpoint of the owner's role of procuring good quality public works at a reasonable price in fair manner.
As an interim measure it proposes establishing business and engineering evaluation system common to project owners within regions.

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The practice of e-procurement as the government procurement system varies from one country to another. Depart from the common purposes such as efficiency, transparency, non-discrimination, and accountability, countries may run their procurement systems differently. Some countries may run their e-procurement system successfully with some notes in their practice, some may still face barriers, and others may only partly implement e-procurement. Trial and error may not be an effective method of learning, thus it is essential to learn from other countries' experience in running e-procurement.
This paper presents a distinct practice of government e-procurement, namely e-Auctions, as used by the government of Thailand. The government of Thailand runs two types of e-Auctions: Reverse Auction and Sealed Bid auction, which result in lower prices due to the higher price competition. Contrary to the common practice of e-procurement, the Thai government, with some rationales, runs the bid documents obtaining manually as well as qualification and technical documents submission and holding the e-Auctions at bidding office. The advantages and disadvantages of Thai e-Auctions practice are presented in this paper as well as improvements that have to be made for successful of e-Auctions. The lessons learned from Thai e-Auctions practice is expected to be a constructive reference in establishing e-procurement system.

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The number of construction that applies “ Overall Evaluation Bidding Method with Technical Proposal”(OEBMTP) has increased greatly in recent years. In 2007 fiscal year, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism applies OEBMTP to almost all of its construction.
In this paper, we have analyzed the tender results of MLIT until the first half in 2007 fiscal year and have confirmed that a certain effect was observed in constructions which OEBMTP was applied.
In addition, we extracted major problems for improving the implementation of the OEBMTP and proposed the concept of selecting the appropriate method type, subject setting and the evaluation of technical proposals, and measures to increase the efficiency of the procedure, for future improvement of the OEBMTP.

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“Lump Sum Contract and Unit Price Agreement Method”(LSC/UPAM) is important as a measure for optimization of contracts and payments. The process for the breakdown of a total value into their contents resembles between “Work Execution Confirming Comprehensive Evaluation Method”(WECCEM) and LSC/UPAM. In this study the authors performed comparing study on results of the bid of public works from two viewpoints. And achieved the following conclusions.
(1) By analysis of bid value distribution of public works which engineer's budget are 200 million yen or more by LSC/UPAM and WECCEM. The bid price by LSC/UPAM was found to have tendency that there extreme values seldom appear as well as they effects originally supposed on the improvement of partnership and smooth negotiations. But both methods did not have effected by control low bidding price.
(2) By analysis of bid value distribution of public works under 200 million yen by WECCEM. The authors conclude that LSC/UPAM have an inductive effected to moderate the price competition to bidders and control low bidding price.

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Nagano wrestled with bid system reform of the public construction ahead of the whole country. One of the reforms is the switch from to general competitive bidding. As a result, it is considered that the collusion was almost removed because of decrease of the successful bid rate. But the constructer was driven into the severe management situation. So Nagano set disqualification marker price in H15 because of prevention of the decline of construction industry. In this study, I compared the construction cost in front and back of the disqualification marker revision using the construction cost investigation that Nagano carried out in H16 and that Nagano construction industry association carried out in H18.
In this study, the successful bid rate and the profit and loss rate were improved by a disqualification standard revision but the constructer still faces the severe management situation. So it is suggested to the introduction of the guaranty system to protect the person of order and of the bid bond system to protect the person of ordering.

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PFI (Private Finance Initiative) helps to deliver high quality public services and ensure that public assets are delivered on time and to budget by requiring the private sector to put it's own capital at risk. PFI also helps to deliver clear levels of service to the public over the long term. There are few infrastructure PFI projects, other than sewer and wastewater treatment facilities, in Japan. In this study, the problems within the local government's infrastructure PH projects from a view of the administrative law, taxation and subsidy system, are considered. The analysis of sewer and wastewater treatment facilities PFI projects shows the possibility of developing infrastructure PFI projects.

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Currently new approaches of implementing public works are being tried for public works ordered by Japanese local governments instead of “assurance systems”, which have been used for more than 50 years. Many local governments have insufficient technical capability. In this paper an attempt is made to clarify characteristics of local public works, to identify problems associated with technical procurement, and to propose some measures for these problems.

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Recently, several companies are organizing JV (Joint Venture) to join large-scale building and construction works. Then, in order to form a JV, it is inevitable to collect various information and backbone data about those companies. However it is difficult to gain them in details. In this study, we aim to extract useful information of relationship among some companies from the Web information, using such technologies as link structure analysis and natural language processing, and to make a decision for organizing JV using this information. To validate the applicability of the proposed method, numerical simulations are performed to compare the results obtained by the proposal method with existing cases of As a result, it is confirmed that the proposed method can efficiently provide available information for practical cases. At results, the method and information were available effectively.

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It is feared that “2007 problem” advances on the time of a large amount of retirement of the baby-boom generation. The loss of the technical capability by the retirement of veteran engineers could cause not only the depression of each company's competitiveness but also the whole industry's decline. This problem should have been able to be foreseen, but it was not able to be done for lack of a mid/long-term human resources management.
In this thesis, we developed a simulation model to forecast how the talent's growth and the performance of companies changes with the strategy of the human resources management. By using this simulation, we analyzed the relationships between the human resources management, the personal growth, and the performance of each company. Finally we proposed a human resource management that should be taken especially to deal with “2007 problem”.

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Recently, the criticism to public works is severe. Because of aggravation of environmental problems, deterioration of financial picture and problem of holding consultations. Above all, decrease in productivity of infrastructure is the most important. The result of the investment in public works by public works is accumulated as an infrastructure, and contributes to the productivity improvement of the private sector and the improvement of the life environment.
In this research, the effect of the stock for the infrastructure that had already been maintained to bring an economic activity and the improvement at the life of the people for the long term was analyzed. Moreover, this research is focused on the manufacturing efficiency of the infrastructure.

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The civil engineers have served to support local society through the supply of the infrastructure conventionally. In late years, the engineer has been strongly needed to accord with the opinions from a citizen/local needs when he makes the plan or operates the management of the infrastructure. Therefore, in this report, we took up the success example of the community improvement and, we paid my attention to the role of an engineer engaged in community improvement and the process to solve the problems. As a result, regardless of prior local social capital, we observed that there are the possibilities that the social capital such asthe trust, norm or network have increased and supplemented mutually and the problems have been solved if the engineers have the chance to hear the local opinionand facilitated to make the rule or norm to use or manage the infrastructure with inhabitants and the administration together.

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Major infrastructure development projects in developing countries have been financed from foreign assistance. International donors such as the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and Japan Bank for International Cooperation have been adopting the conditions of contract prepared by the FIDIC for the construction projects in aid recipient countries. Such international construction projects requires the contracting parties to have contract administration functions in order to achieve the project objectives such as time, cost and quality in a transparent way and ensure the project compliance. However, contract administration is a veryundeveloped area of project management in developing countries. On the other hand, Japanese public works use lump sum contract for construction, and bill of quantities and work program are not binding to the contracting parties. Contract administration in construction is not demanded. However, the occurrence of claim events are endemic in construction project and claim/dispute management system isnot as transparent as seen in international construction project. A training program on contract administration for international construction project have beendeveloped by Kochi University of Technology in association with Nippon Koei and in cooperation with Japan Bank for International Cooperation to strengthen contract administration in official development assistance project in developing countries and to make Japanese construction professionals familiar with international practice in construction contract administration. 5 trainings have been conducted so far in Japan, Thailand, Mongolia and Sri Lanka. The functions of contractadministration, training outputs and its prospect in developing countries and in Japanese construction industry are discussed.

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The agriculture development of Ishikari River down stream plains began at early period of Meiji. It was the important measure of the country, and we had many plans for such development programs. However, the prewar development speed was very slow because this area was snow cold district, peaty soft ground zone, and flood frequent occurrence zone. Postwar and the development finally kept smoothly.
The early maintenance of the levee which was a safe base of the community was request of the communities. However, the levee maintenance is affected by a natural condition, war, financial circumstances, and there is it in the maintenance way now.
In this article, I considered relations of flood plain development and the levee construction of the Ishikari River down stream historically. Theconcrete contents is the history of a formation process of flooding surface, flood plain development program, and the levee construction, development of the land use and the levee construction of the surface flood plain.
In addition, I considered the role that a levee served as from these histories.
As a resultof consideration, I made clear that the reliability improvement for safe security of the flood plain society. Furthermore, for lasting safe security of the future flood plain society, I showed the ideal method of a new levee security systemof administration.

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Monobe river used to be a perfectly clear class A river with a lot of Ayu. However, it has many problems such as the murky waters and water shortages. The objectives of this paper are to study transition of people's perspectives towards theriver and propose some solutions based on study findings.

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[in Japanese]

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