This paper describes analyzed working environment issues from statistics, ISO ergonomics standards and ecology of work theories in order to identify the requirements for the work system analysis and design, i.e., abstraction hierarchy with shift of languages, closed bottom up loop work system, etc. These requirements are satisfied by a methodology called multi-modal manual system (M3). Secondly, this paper deals with the applied results of the M3 to the actual business and management. With M3 algorithm, the natural language descriptions i.e., business manuals, company regulations and job descriptions were successfully converted into systems languages which were ready to be fed to the programming language generation process.
Finally, this study proposes successful integration of all the business systems related languages, i.e., natural/mathematical/logic languages, systems language and programming language in the form of EAHMS/IHRM operating platform. It is concluded that the integration of business languages relying on ecological approach is promising to further enhance the EAHMS oriented management systems theory and practice in the Web-based business world.

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This study attempts to understand working environment from EAHMS theory's points of view, based on the “empirical study in working place” in order to validate the hypothesis: the efficiency of business is much higher in the bottom-up, co-operative, i.e. EAHMS oriented working environments than in the top-down, stressful working places and vice versa. To construct EAHMS workplaces, this study abstracts jobs function, builds the feedback loops in closed systems, realizes the job networks (knowledge databases) and puts all these together into the form of “multi-modal manuals: M3” which has been implemented for novice training in an actual company and successfully proven to be valid. The efficiencies of M3 implementation are analyzed by ANOVA for the performance comparison between the group of novices' and that of experts'.
It is concluded that the EAHMS application to designing and improving working places by utilizing multi-modal manuals should be promising to further enhance the integrated Human Resource Management (HRM), especially, for novice training.

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As a base platform of Ecological Approach to Human Machine Systems (EAHMS), Structured Manuals Analysis and Design Method (SMAD) is a theory with technique for translating business languages (manuals: natural language) into modeling language (systems language) i.e. DFDs (Data Flow Diagrams), ERDs (Entity Relationship Diagrams) and Mini-specs (Miniature specifications) with its unique methodology of analysis and design. This paper successfully applied SMAD to Japanese business manuals in order to produce effective business simulation models. It is concluded that the SMAD approach to business simulation is promising to further enhance the EAHMS theory and practice for both American and Japanese companies.

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This study examines the positive effect of surface acting, compared with traditional viewpoint, negative effect. Data were collected from 334 cabin attendants of two airlines in Korea and analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis and the Sobel test.
This research allows us to draw several specific conclusions. First, surface acting has a positive effect on personal accomplishment. Second personal accomplishment functions as a mediator in the effect of surface acting on depersonalization. Third, personal accomplishment does not function as a mediator in the effect of surface acting on emotional exhaustion. In closing, this research suggests that there are also positive aspects of emotional labor, especially surface acting on employee's well-being.

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Probabilistic inventory models of multi-period with time-varying demand are studied under some restriction. The main aim of this paper is to obtain the optimal policy in the inventory model. As the construction of our model, it is enough to get a number xⁱ_n. A simple algorithm is presented in the case demand is decreasing from period to period. In general it is not easy to find a simple method to get the optimal policy, so we research to seek a number xⁱ_n in the model with few periods in this article. We treat an inventory model separately whether the demand is subject to a continuous distribution or a discrete distribution. But their procedures are quite similar each other.

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Six Sigma methodology has been used commonly in the manufacturing sector to eliminate the quantity of defects, however, recently years has been incorporated to the health sector to increase quality standard of safe and effective patient care. Six Sigma methodology helps hospitals to get at the root causes for variation and errors, and put sustainable improvements in place. This study focused on implementing Six Sigma model DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) Roadmap and tools to get a solution to reduce waiting times at Okayama University Hospital. The research focused its attention on five factors to conduct the analysis. These factors are number of patients in the morning, number of patients in the afternoon. number of Doctors. service time. and number of staff from Monday to Friday. Factors were examined by performing a DOE (Design of Experiment) to analyze the impact of each factor on the waiting time. To optimize the result DOE were used to determine important factors and to find the optimum waiting times setting in the research.

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Many Japanese universities are frying to make a scientific contribution to industry rather than simply staying in their ivory tower (see Tanaka (2004) about university incubators), but rather their challenge, not industry but to community, has begun their first step in the last few years. Our temporary company (not going-concern, but dissolved after the project) established by students is the one of the first challenge for the revitalization of downtown community in Japan. This learning by doing project enabled students to consider about potential or lack of benefits in the start-up of small business.

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In this paper, we consider the global production and supply network of the automobile manufacturers and formulate a car carrier ship routing problem into the mathematical programming problem. At first, we describe an example of the production and supply network of the automobile manufacturers and clarify the critical performance measures briefly. Next, we will formulate the car carrier ship routing problem so called the mixed-loading transshipment method in the form of a mathematical programming problem and propose a way for determining the transportation route and quantity by evaluating two kinds of objective functions: (1) the total transportation lead-time and (2) the maximum flow of the final products.

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This paper clarifies requisites for global optimization in management technology of production and operations management or manufacturing business process management. In addition, the paper suggests some principles of the technology that enables us to realize those requisites.

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This paper discusses the case study of a training program development project executed through a consortium of a technical university and auto parts industries. The training program of production management, in particular, field technologies, is developed by the consortium. The basic concept is “learn from auto parts industry”, aiming to nurture managers of production lines. Partnerships between university and industry are resources for upgrading the quality of workforce and increasing opportunities for innovation and cluster dynamism. The project is called “the tutoring school for shop manager”. The goal is to nurture management skills of production through “consciousness on site” and to cultivate individual initiative and creativity. The main goals of the project are to form learning organization, to diffuse incremental innovation and to improve competitiveness.

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In this paper, we study the flow of woolen products for recycling in the Bishu Region, Aichi, from the viewpoint of industrial cluster and consider rejuvenation of the mature region based on the major retailers' challenges. Woolen textile has been reproduced by recycling in the region. The increased awareness towards environmental issues has led to new business development by recycling used cloths to create original threads. The complete work from sorting of used cloths to spinning, recovering, twisting, weaving, fixing and processing is divided between SMEs in the region to be placed on the market as recycled apparel products.

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It is important for project management of IT (Information Technology) development in Japan to carry out early detection of a problem by schedule management and cost management. EVM (Earned Value Management) is an effective method of performance by comparing planned to actual results. Unless a next action to its project is clear, the effective method may not function. Therefore, application of real options is considered that the action to performance should be clarified. Furthermore, in this article, we have proposed a simple real option model of IT project by EVM & an abandonment option.

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There are two leading management models in the world. One is called the hunting people management model, created by the people who used to live in the forest. This model is represented by US, based upon western culture. Another is called the agricultural people management model created by the people who used to live in the Asian monsoon area represented by Japan. These two models have recently deteriorated due to the current complexity of the economy and the society. It is necessary to create a new management model combining the strong points of the two models.
This new management model is to be called the new global standard management model and needs to be announced by current Japanese people.

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