In recent years, utilization of "IoT (Internet of Things)" that manages products by combining sensors and networks has becomming more global topic on today's business. At present, however, there are little discussions regarding concrete methods to create added value by linking IoT with Product Lifecycle (PLM). In this research, considering the case of utilizing IoT over the product life cycle, we propose a procedure of "realization" as to how to add value creation and evaluate and to use it as one of a tool of management. We focused on business processes and business flows on PLM and created and exemplified procedures showing how IoT contributes to value added creation from PLM's point of view.

　This study proposes the method of support for the design and preparation of master data treated in production management by visual representation software. First, the features between BOM (bill of materials) used in a general production management system and FBOM (fundamental bill of manufacturing) used in the production management system that is named F-BOM are compared. And then, using a variety of products as examples, points to be considered when constructing master data are explained. Next, this paper proposes visualization software that supports maintenance of master data regarding FBOM that is effective when dealing with products that have variations. Finally, the necessity of a visual representation of master data is clarified through some examples and performance evaluations. Also the significance and the possibility of this method are discussed.

　Eliminating obesity in employees is one of the important aspects of heath management in companies. To eliminate obesity in adults, however, measures starting in childhood are considered to be necessary. The aim of this study was to enable obesity risk analysis of company employees by analyzing trends with age from cross-sectional data on body fat percentage in school age boys before employment and constructing an evaluation chart to judge body fatness levels. The subjects were 634 boys from the first to third grades of elementary school. Body fat percentage was measured using an impedance method. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted for body fat percentage statistics for each year. Together with this, a least squared approximation polynomial was applied and a 5-step body fatness level assessment chart was constructed. The changes in body fat percentage with time in school age boys were shown to be an increase toward the later years of elementary school and a negative secondary regression trend indicating a decrease in body fat percentage toward the third year of junior high school. The judgments of body fatness level obtained from the 5-stage evaluation chart were seen to be valid. These findings establish a pathway toward obesity risk analysis based on a body fatness level assessment chart.

　In a sharp contrast with the conventional wisdom that an upstream monopolistic firm chooses discriminatory pricing rather than uniform pricing, Liao(2008) demonstrates that this is always reversed if there are spillover effects on R＆D. Hokari(2018) introduces an assumption of vertically related corporate groups into the optimal R＆D decision model a la DeGraba(1990) and it shows that upstream firms employs untraditional discriminatory pricing, by offering lower prices to more efficient downstream firms than to less efficient downstream firms, as well as traditional discriminatory pricing and uniform pricing.We show that even without the assumption of initial asymmetric costs downstream as in Hokari(2018), if we assume spillover effects as in Liao(2008), we obtain the similar results with Hokari(2018). On the other hand, we obtain upstream optimal pricing patterns different from Hokari(2018)’s, because of the spillover effects. Nevertheless, our results reconfirm Hokari(2018)’s pointing out that upstream strategic pricing policies may enlarges asymmetry of downstream costs, which is emphasized in a “new-new trade theory” .

　Supply chain management (SCM) is an integration of supply activities (SC) composed of multiple companies such as suppliers, manufacturers, wholesale, retailers, etc. Procurement of raw materials and parts, manufacturing, distribution, sales It is a strategic management method aiming at optimizing the business process as a whole by sharing and managing information mutually among departments, taking the flow of the supply of goods from the final consumer as a chain, Many researches have been done on phenomena (fluctuations in bullwhip phenomenon) in which fluctuations in micro demand fluctuate as we go upstream with wholesale, manufacturers and suppliers, and the reduction method is to share information in each division and shorten lead time In this research, we focus on the ordering method and how it leads to alleviation of the bullwhip phenomenon reduction.

One of the aims of engineering ethics education is to inspire consideration (ethics) about how to behave in an organization (company), and what to live for (values). As a matter of course, we are faced with questions of how to accurately convey our own ethics and values. We have devised a type of training effective in lectures which uses "writing" practice by assigning a series of mini-reports of 400 letters each to strengthen "The Ability to Think with Your Own Head" and "The Ability to Communicate Your Thoughts." We will introduce "Active Learning" exercises to deepen and expand understanding of "Your Own Ideas (Opinions)" and to hone "Critical Thinking Abilities" through practice.

　　One of the aims of engineering ethics education is to inspire consideration (ethics) about how to behave in an organization (company), and what to live for (values). As a matter of course, we are faced with questions of how to accurately convey our own ethics and values. In the lecture, I especially put a lot of thought into the training of one's "ability to think logically" and "ability to communicate logically" through the practice of "writing" and "PowerPoint presentations". Following the "writing ability" from the previous report, this report introduces the practice of "active learning" to polish one's "logical presentation skills" and to logically communicate ethics and values with each other.

　To exclude waste in an enterprise and advance business simplification, the information system is something indispensable. It's also regarded as the stop of thinking to consider the matter by the information system introduction premise. "The present form and the true form" are often performed by FIT&GAP analysis for problem abstraction, but the clear procedure isn't indicated. And also, FIT&GAP analysis in ERP package introduction also exists. The purpose of this research is to indicate the way of thinking of FIT&GAP analysis is indicated as the method to do problem abstraction in enterprise at present, and to make the procedure clear and to indicate concrete application example .

　Recently, programming skill is being needed as the skill necessary to PM and PL which execute information system development business. It may be felt a little strangely, but it's also the flow of the present ICT industry. Substantiality of a prototype model and the change in ICT technology, etc. are given in the background. It is the purpose of this research to have the background and the reason clearly why programming skill has been needed for PM and PL.

　It's said that more than 70 % of information system development item hold some problems recently. Isn't it necessary to define the ability required for PM again to look for the reason? The spread of RPA which will automate office work during AI boom these days is being developed. It is also necessary to decide the work into two parts, one part using information system and the other part using RPA. The purpose of this research is to clarify the factor of change in a skill needed for PM based on the 6^th edition of Loan Kats model PMBOK and to indicate a countermeasure for it.

　　Generally manufacturers are managing for the purpose of the highest profit rate and the highest quality of products，in contradiction，the company with a different management philosophy is present. It is a Japanese manufacturer which is managing for the purpose of the highest development of the employee’s abilities.

　This manufacturer has no annual sales plan and annual profit plan. The sales performance and profit performance of the company are make a formula to account up，when the business plan of the employee to whom liability and authority is achieved.

On this formula, this manufacturer has recorded the balance in the black, since their founding in 1953, except economic confusion like the collapse of Rehman brothers. However the company sales are told to fluctuate largely. Development of employee capacity in the company are those of heterogeneous the normal employee education. Although not always possible to reference in any company, we will introduce and examine a future vision of Japanese company.

We can summarize the characteristics of the management philosophy and corporate organization of the mysterious company” N” (Manufacturing) as follow．

#1 This is a so called “fabless” maker or “think-tank” that has no production equipment in the research and development industry of the machine for wooden–product．

#2 They have no company’s annual sales-and profit- planning．

#3 They have no business hierarchy and status，except directors．

#4 Salary is determined by the “Jigenryoku-Evaluation” (coined word ; it means “dimension(=Jigen) power (=ryoku) is employee’s capability evaluation") with all employees participating.

#5 They have been recording the surplus since foundation in 1953，except economical confusion，like the collapse of Rehman brothers．

Product platform is utilized in many manufacturing fields, it has been demonstrated by automobile manufacturers that the reduction of production cost and VE etc. It is possible to reduce the cost by making it platform for the parts that make up these products. However, the effect method which evaluates the possibility of the part sharing and the modularization has not been proposed. The evaluation index is proposed for the configuration of newly modular parts. In addition, I propose a method to evaluate the improved type of FTA and the risk priority RPN by the control chart for the method of Modularization.

In modern economy, many firms employ bearing leverage as one of financing methods. Then, in general, U.S.A. companies raise funds by direct financing which is through capital market directly. On the other hands, Japanese companies use indirect finance that correct funds by borrowing money from banks. However, Since Finance Big Bang in Japan 1996, Japanese government have encouraged companies to change indirect financing to direct financing as correcting funds which involved debt. By this encouraging, Japanese government tried to increase debt from direct finance that came from bond issuing. One of method for the goal is market-oriented indirect finance. It wonder that this financing method alter the attitude of Japanese companies which rely on borrowing money from banks. This paper clarify the current debt composition of Japanese companies by simply data analysis.

Recently, export and local production of Japanese liquor are expanding in the rapid expansion of Japanese food culture to overseas. The supply and demand of Japanese liquor has continued to increase greatly in the Chinese giant market, which has the population of 1.4 billion and has developed economic development.

In this study, the Japanese government and private organizations and enterprises' efforts were outlined. And, the state of export of Japanese liquor, the local production situation of the Japanese liquor brewing manufacturer, and the state of sales of liquor in China are investigated. Based on the results, problems and future prospects of the expansion of China market are considered.

The Human height increased dramatically worldwide in the 20th century. During that time, Japan showed a particularly striking increase in height. This was due entirely to regular nutritional intake, with the contribution from consumption of protein considered to be huge. Of course, consuming more protein will not increase height in a single generation, as height is affected by the genes linking multiple generations. It is known that even among European nobility of the 17th and 18th centuries height increased through the generations. Whether this is related is unclear, but today it is said that taller people have higher levels of education and higher incomes. It may be hypothesized that an affluent environment leads to higher nutritional intake and taller heights, and in this study we analyze the human resource of tall height due to regular nutritional intake and investigate the increase in height in the wealthy from changes in epigenetic control of height.

Acquisition of appropriate physical fitness is a very important of the early education in fire academies. However, the hiring standards for firefighters (students) employed in each municipality vary, and a management system for the acquisition of appropriate physical fitness for these students does not exist. We therefore measured and surveyed physique, physical fitness, and daily life of male students entering the school over four terms. The results showed no significant differences in physique or daily living parameters. In physical fitness, however, significant differences were seen in muscle strength, endurance, and agility. These findings show that when creating a management system for the acquisition of appropriate physical fitness, planning needs to be done with understanding of the physical fitness characteristics of each term.

Future development of sports in Japan will require scouting and training promising athletes to improve their competitive abilities. Important among these efforts will be first to investigate the human resources of top athletes in order to raise the productivity of scouting activities. The purpose of this study was to explore the physical elements that comprise one aspect of the human resources of female athletes active in Japan and abroad for use as data to raise the level of productivity in scouting talent. We investigated whether there were any differences in the physiques of elite female athletes and the general female population. We then attempted to develop criteria for the characteristics of physique in each type of athletic event. The measures of physique used were height, weight, BMI, body surface area, and basal metabolism. The results showed that, similar to males, tall stature was an element in the human resources of elite female athletes. However, depending on the sport or event, physique was the same as in the control group; there were even measures that were smaller in the athletes. From this we constructed a physical evaluation balance chart for each competition and were able to evaluate the physique characteristics in different competitions. This information may also be useful in exploring the human resources of talented athletes. In the future it will be necessary to analyze the human resource of tall stature in athletes and clarify the composition of tall stature, including genetic factors.

The nuclear power plant accident caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake several years ago forced many people in affected areas to live in shelters or temporary housing. However, little is known about how a changed environment from living in shelters affects physical development during puberty. In this study, statistics on age at maximum peak velocity (MPV) of height and weight before and after the nuclear accident were calculated. The risk due to these changes was then analyzed from the two perspectives of same region and same school year, and the effects on physical development of the changes in living environment caused by the nuclear accident were investigated. The results showed no changes in the age at MPV of height before and after the nuclear accident in junior high schools where students were forced to leave their homes because of the accident in either the same region or the same school year, but the age at MPV of weight was shown to be clearly later. From this it is thought that living environments in areas restricted by the nuclear accident caused a decrease in the amount of physical activity, facilitating weight gain and contributing to the risk of slowing the age at MPV of weight. However, no risk occurred in the age at MPV of height.

Few reports have discussed the physical characteristics of senior citizens using day services and the effectiveness of those care systems. Moreover, there have been almost no studies examining actual care system improvements. In this study, to understand the physical characteristics of healthy senior citizens and senior users of day services who need support or care, we first measured body composition and investigated whether there are characteristic physical differences between these groups. We then attempted to investigate the kinds of day service programs that are provided from the perspective of health management with regard to physical care systems for senior day service users. In this study we show especially the results for women. The results indicated significant differences in body composition, especially in lean body mass and muscle mass in the trunk (p<0.05). Muscle mass tended to be lower in the day service users than in the general senior citizens, while conversely body fat percentage and fat mass tended to be higher. Senior day service users showed significantly lower leg muscle percentage, suggesting the importance of managing day service care systems using leg muscle mass as a standard.

Furugori [7] stated that obesity contributes significantly to a decline in productivity in companies because of the many accidents and injuries among obese people. This indicates a problem in regulating the balance of the body due to obesity. However, it is not actually well understood how the relationship between obesity and the balance of the body is structured. In this study we determined severe obesity in university students from BMI and constructed a radar chart to assess the balance of the body in severe obesity. We assessed physical ability in subjects judged to be standard type, obese prone type and severely obese type based on the derived radar chart, and conducted a risk analysis for balance of the body in each type. The results showed that in both males and females people of the severely obese type had a clearly distorted body balance in nearly all parameters compared with the standard type. It is conjectured that people with poor balance in the body from obesity suffer accidents, injury, or health risks in daily life.