In manufacturing companies, the difficulty of product development increases with the sophistication of customer needs, and the production engineering division is also required to develop advanced production engineering. If this development is carried out by the conventional concurrent engineering method, there is a possibility that the development period will be short and the market launch will be delayed. Therefore, we suggested a new scheme (called a Proactive Scheme) in which the production engineering division predicts/anticipates the required specifications in advance of the product development division, and begins development of the production engineering early to compensate for the lack of development period. In this research, the concrete method of activity of the production engineering division according to this scheme is shown. The point of this research is how the production engineering division, which is said to not have enough technology search ability and fundamental technology capability than the research and development division and product development division, leads to successful activities in collaboration with organizations inside and outside the company.

　3D printing technology is expected to significantly change existing business models. Currently, the prototype market and the single item market are the basics, but the manufacturing method has also evolved, and the powder bed fusion method and the binder jetting method have been put into practical use, and expansion into the mass production (medium volume production) market has begun. In Europe and the United States, mass production systems have been built for aircraft parts and automobile parts. Also, in Japan, mass production parts manufacturing has begun, and the number of service bureaus engaged in contract manufacturing is increasing rapidly. Because of the complexity of the various factors involved, it is important to accumulate and utilize the know-how of modeling. In this paper, the cases of companies engaged in the contract manufacturing business in the field of metal 3D printing business utilizing related technologies and their own strengths are examined.

　In recent years, many researchers asserted the need for organizational reform through digital transformation; disparities in such approaches are observed based on industrial and corporate scale. Small- and medium-sized companies have been traditionally slow in introducing information communications technology. It is not easy to conceive of them embracing the latest move to an information-based approach in one bound. In this paper, considering the work instructions for hand work on a production line, we conducted an experiment, in which three types of information technology media were applied to simple memorization work, which is an intellectual task. By analyzing an achievement rate method, as a method for assessing work learning, we verified their work times, trends in their disparity, and workload. The result showed that a decreasing trend was observed in work time for projectors. It was shown to be a kind of media with low disparity and a reduced burden on the eyes.

　The purpose of this study is to clarify how the mechanism of collaboration and the structure of competition within the agricultural production area change in the environmental change, and what factors influence the resilience of the production area. The research method is to consider the production area as one business system from the concept of the business system, and analyze the division of labor and the structure of competition in the production area by dividing the time when the relationship between the organizations in the agglomeration changes significantly into phases. The subject of the case study was an organization related to the olive industry on Shodoshima, and focusing on interviews with related parties, and it searched literature and material. As a result of the analysis, the following three points were clarified. First, the structure of competition also functions as a response to natural environmental risks by changing from the adjustment of competition by others to the adjustment of competition by independent selection that each organization can select according to the situation. Second, a long-term division of labor collaboration mechanism creates geographical value and it also makes it possible to build an independent and integrated cooperative relationship, and functions as an avoidance of excessive competition within the production area. Third, the process of incorporating all changes and continuing to change flexibly to create a new mechanism of collaboration and competition serves to accumulate the resilience of the organizations belonging to the production area, affects the resilience of the production area. It is suggested that it will be the power of continuation of production area.

　In recent years, the introduction of RPA has been rapidly increasing in companies and local governments. However, as the adoption progresses, problems have emerged. However, if a problem occurs when you move it, and you deal with it later, you will repeat the same mistakes that you made when you introduced the past information system. It is out of the question that overtime will increase despite the adoption of work style reform as a trump card. However, there are various limitations to what can be done with the current level of RPA, and it has been pointed out that the expected improvement effect has not been seen. IPA is effective in overcoming this situation. The purpose of this research is to explain IPA for realizing innovation beyond the limits of RPA, and to clarify the methods to achieve the goals of improving efficiency, profitability and innovation.

　In recent years, the introduction of RPA has been rapidly increasing in companies and local governments. However, without knowing the clear procedure, and just trying to "move" or “move and introduce" the same mistakes would be repeated as happened when introducing information systems in the past. It is out of the question that overtime will increase despite the adoption of work style reform as a trump card. Therefore, it is important to clarify the problems and solutions in RPA introduction in order to introduce RPA and aim at ROI improvement. The purpose of this research is to clarify the problems and solutions in the introduction of RPA, and the problems and solutions expected in the future.

　Business continuity plan (BCP) in small to medium enterprises is necessary to carry out risk management of one company. It`s also an indispensable condition for SMEs, which are the foundation of local communities, to promote the resilience of society as a whole. However, according to surveys and reports by public institutions, the smaller the size of a company, the lower the rate of formulation. The factors that did not lead to the formulation of BCP are clarified from the survey and results. However, the full picture of the risks of not formulating a BCP has not been clarified. Therefore, there is currently no way to solve it fundamentally.

　In this paper, we consider the issues that do not lead to the formulation of BCP from the viewpoint of management issues in SMEs.

　We consider a supply chain coordination composing one manufacture and one supplier, where the supplier is capital-constrained and the supplier’s production yield is random. Facing shortage of capital, the supplier can use two funders to facilitate the supplier’s production: bank loan from a bank, or advance payment from the manufacturer. Wen Ding and Guohua Wan find the optimal solutions in the above problem. However, their issue doesn’t explain sensibility analysis and estimation method in demonstration experiment well. In this paper, we deal with demonstration experiment to conform Wen Ding and Guohua Wan’s results. Furthermore, we propose to use the buy-back contract for the manufacture to share the production risk and stimulate the supplier to increase the production yield.

　Present author has been engaged in the field of chemical industry and polymer industry for a long time． Recently, for these 10 years, author happened to have the chance to educate to biochemistry, life science and nutrition science to the young students, who want to be registered dietitians in near future． Here the matters which related to the Nobel Prize, are usually observed in daily lessons． Author realized the difference between the matured science and the science which show daily progress．

　We adopted the book-to-bill ratio (BB ratio), which is a leading indicator of supply and demand in the semiconductor market, as an independent variable in the capital investment model for semiconductor companies and semiconductor production equipment companies that we constructed earlier. The BB ratio above 1.0 indicates that demand is strong and business confidence and market conditions are favorable for the industry. Conversely, the BB ratio below 1.0 indicates that there is an excess of supply and that future business confidence and market conditions are sluggish. In this paper, we examine the feasibility of calculating the BB ratio in the machinery manufacturing industry, which is one of the order-oriented industries like semiconductor production equipment companies, based on disclosure materials such as annual securities reports. We also examine the correlation between the calculated the BB ratio and capital investment in the machinery manufacturing industry and consider its usefulness as an independent variable in the capital investment model.

　The food manufacturing industry is the third largest in terms of value added by manufacturing industry after the transportation machinery and chemical industries, and is a huge manufacturing industry with the largest number of workers in the manufacturing industry. The huge food manufacturing industry is composed of 41 subdivided food manufacturing industries, but until now it has often been evaluated collectively. As typical subdivided food manufacturing industry, the salt-dried / salted product manufacturing industry, the bread manufacturing industry, and the edible oil / fat processing industry were selected.

　By evaluating the changes over time of the management indicators of those industrial statistics 11 years and correlating these management indicators, we were convinced that we could accurately evaluate the characteristics of the finely categorized food manufacturing industry rather than a large group. In addition, this method not only evaluates a large group of manufacturing industries, but also finds problems in individual factories and takes countermeasures by comparing the statistical data of each subdivided manufacturing industry with the data of factories belonging to that manufacturing industry. I was convinced that I could make a proposal it.

　By doing so, it becomes possible to analyze the manufacturing industries and factories of each sub-category and work on the improvement points of those factories, instead of responding to the productivity improvement of the conventional food manufacturing industry. Based on this knowledge, we would like to analyze individual factories in the future. I also feel that this method can be expected to be applied not only to the food manufacturing industry but also to all manufacturing industries or many industries. Isn't it worth the effort as the Japan Society for Production Management．

　In employee health management, it is important to understand the individual physical characteristics in detail. However, hidden obesity, which has the same health risks as obesity, is difficult to judge by general health examinations. The general criteria for hidden obesity are that the BMI (Body Mass Index) is in the standard range and the body fat percentage is 20% or more for men and 30% or more for women. However, in this judgment, there are problems that the cutoff value of body fat percentage is set uniformly with respect to the standard range of BMI, and that the correspondence by age group is not sufficient. In this study, a new criterion for hidden obesity is to be proposed. A five-level evaluation area was set for young adult men based on the average value and standard deviation of the body fat percentage with respect to the numerically classified BMI value. The subjects were judged as hidden obesity areas in the BMI standard range and the average body fat percentage + 1.5SD or more, and the validity of the judgment criteria was examined.

　One of the problems in manufacturing companies that commonly happens in make-to-order production environments is setting the appropriate due dates. In order to set the due date, it is important to organize a lot of information from different departments for the order entry system which is on the top of the scheduling system.

　The order entry system is to judge about accepting orders based on the relationship between lead time which is needed for manufacturing purposes, and the due date which is demanded by the customer when the order arrived. Therefore, the information must be shared with the different departments such as: the sales department, the design department, and the manufacturing department.

　In this study, quality function deployment (QFD) is applied to the order entry system with the objective of organizing the production and scheduling information for more efficient production results. QFD methodology is to set the design quality and contribute to organizing the information in the company. This study proposed a conceptual design for QFD which was designed and applied to the order entry system.

　At the manufacturing site, it is necessary to flexibly respond to the issues of shortening lead time and increasing demand uncertainty. Effective utilization of production information is important. The unofficial information is the order schedule information such as the production quantity and the delivery date, which are presented to the supplier by the manufacturer before the timing of indicating the final order. However, since there is a difference from the fixed order information, it is necessary to devise when using the unofficial information in the production plan. In this research, we handle a combination of unofficial information with different accuracy for multiple products from multiple business partners. Furthermore, the reliability of the unofficial information itself and the tendency of changes in the order quantity are taken into consideration. The purpose is to clarify the order tendency that should be noted so that excess inventory and bias of operation balance occur while considering inventory allocation.