When considering customizable products, it is necessary to share the appropriate information about product’s variations between various parties. However, there was no general description method concerning product variations which causes difficulties to understand combinations of variations or the complex points of combinations.

　This paper proposes an effective descriptive method using patterns of variations, by expanding the proposed descriptive method. First, this study finds several patterns of variations that can be used generally in the designing of product’s variations and then establishes a descriptive method by combing patterns of variations. The proposed method is applied to some examples, and examines whether it is able to describe product’s variations. Also, this method is applied to FBOM that can treat multiple variations and the performance of applied examples is investigated.

　In recent years, increasing productivity has become an urgent task for Japanese businesses as the labor force contracts due to the low birth rate and aging population. Japan has now directed its focus on the introduction of IT in businesses as a solution, as well as the effects of its introduction. Therefore, this study conducted an experiment in which tablet terminals—a form of IT—were used for sorting work— an intellectual task—and trends in work times and variations therein were examined using the achievement rate method, a method for evaluating work learning. The results indicated that the use of tablet terminals enables consistent sorting of work with little variation in work times, regardless of differences in workers or the number of days worked. It was also found that the tool produces temporary visual fatigue; although it leads to increased productivity, it also has a physical effect on workers.

　Japan needs to innovate while expanding the areas where robot elemental technologies and robot systems are applied in order to respond to the trend of robot system development aimed at developing new production processes. The challenge is to train important robot system integrators (robot Series). Robot SIer is required to have a wide range of technologies such as knowledge of robots and peripheral devices, technology and skills for systematization, investigation of systemization issues, and ability to solve (consulting ability). From this, in order to efficiently train robot SIer, There is a need for a practical curriculum that allows engineers to work independently by associating the knowledge of subjects classified into areas based on standard sheets with the skills and skills related to the use of equipment from the beginner level in a step-by-step. In this study, we focus on human resource development for young robots of SIer, and propose the techniques and ideas necessary for education, as well as operational methods, by analyzing cases and past literature in companies.

　When designing a variety of products, it is necessary to design product specifications to match the customer’s desired usage of the product. This paper defines “use and its conditions” and explains its fundamental significance in systematically organizing product and item groups. First, previous studies are examined, especially concerning problems of BOM (bill of materials) and the problems regarding the design of a product’s specifications are discussed. Next, this paper defines “use and its conditions” for designing variations of products and then proposes design guidelines and procedures for using “use and its conditions”. Furthermore, the application of these guidelines and procedures to real cases and examples of visualizing product structures using FBOM (Fundamental Bill of Manufacturing) are discussed. Finally, the adoption of an improvisational approach to manufacturing management and the usefulness of this proposed method are explained.

　In consumer electronic appliances, furniture, and cosmetics retail, personal customer service by sales staff is considered a strong contributor to increased sales. However, some groups of customers regard face-to-face sales pitches as unnecessary and annoying. Karata [3] has analyzed how retailers can improve business profitability by correctly recognizing a customer type and providing the optimal level of customer service for those groups of customers who feed supersaturated with too much service. As a study of supply chain coordination between an existing retailer with high service quality and a newly launched retailer with moderate service quality, we develop a profit-maximization model in which there are two types of customers with respect to their preferences regarding sales efforts. We find that two different types of retailersfor instance, a traditional family-owned store and a chain storecan coexist when consumers’ preference for personal service are heterogeneous. We present numerical examples to support our analytical results.

　This paper represents a theoretical study to maximize resource productivity and throughput using Material flow cost accounting (MFCA) and Theory of constraints (TOC) as outlined by Tobita (2013) [6]. As a case study of the metal stamping industry (small and medium‐sized enterprises) with a goal to achieve loss reduction using MFCA and TOC we also build on the work of Nakajima (2015) [7].

　In our research, we introduced both methods into the industrialization stage, instead of the existing production process and facility stage, in order to pursue a greater level of optimization. We also introduced the use of a biomaterial used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This material is presently the focus of much attention in the medical industry. As the results of our study show we can reduce system costs by over 40% (Electric power consumption) when we construct a new facility. In addition, the overall manufacturing cost of the material can be reduced by almost 30%. We also found that the process throughput can be dramatically improved by as much as a 57% reduction.

　Recently a lot of Japanese local governments are suffering from population decreasing, aging inhabitance service increasing and frequent vacant houses. These problems make local governments’ operations increasing on the contrary decreasing tax income. Compact city operation which concentrates inhabited area seems to be an effective measure to economize budget of local government under the condition of population decreasing. Sometime public service may not seek profit from its operation. However times have changed. Yubari city has been on the verge of collapse as everybody knows. Public services done by the local governments should cover whole areas where citizens live even decreasing tax income. Such local governments try to merger neighbor cities to save operating expense shortage by eliminating redundant local civil servants. This policy is called municipal merger. In addition to this, it is presented the compact policy which intends to concentrate houses to the inhabited area in order to make public services efficiently. It should be compared merger of cities with compact city policy. Moreover, business extension with utilizing vacant houses may push income of local government. In order to clarify the mechanism of compact city policy, dynamic simulation using Software Stella has been done with taking example of Kuki-city case. It is demonstrated the effectiveness of the compact city and business trial using vacant houses located in city area.

　In recent years, work style reform has become a big topic, and the work style reform bill was passed by the Diet and was enacted on June 29, 2018. However, there are many problems in the contents, and it seems that there is no fundamental debate on how to actually increase work efficiency and secure more profits than before, and that trial and error are being carried out. In this case, it seems that there is a high possibility that a bill with no contents will be used, and the bill situation will be meaningless. The purpose of this study is to improve the operational efficiency by focusing on the business that is often done and considered to be a waste in the enterprise, and using consultant thinking as a means of simplifying the business.

　In recent years, there may be many people who feel that society is strange. However, only fragmentary facts are entered as information in the media and on the Internet, and the reason for feeling fundamental "funny" is not clearly shown, and people's irritation has not reached its peak. Is it? The purpose of this study is to focus on VUCA, agile, and resilience, especially from the management point of view, where people feel “something strange”, to clarify and eliminate ambiguity, and to connect dots and lines.

　There are many studies and practices in IT utilization and production management in the industrial field, and those are also the source of Japan’s competitiveness. However, the agricultural sector in Japan is still developing. In this research, the problems in the agricultural field were sorted out, and the applicability of the production management by utilizing the IT cultivated in the industrial field was examined. We conclude that industrial production management applications in smart agriculture are well worth the challenge.

　One of the greatest achievements of former Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone, who died on November 29, 2019, is the privatization of national railways. In this paper, we analyze this deregulation based on the "mixed oligopoly" model developed by Hokari (2019b), using the "phased privatization" approach of Hokari (2019a). In contrast to the division of national railways in Japan, which is characterized by horizontal separation, vertical separation was carried out in the railway reforms of Britain and the Nordic countries. We reconfirm that such vertical separation and prioritizing privatization from the downstream part are preferable measures for privatizing vertically integrated public enterprises. However, it was also shown that the merits of privatization cannot be enjoyed immediately after privatization, as investment in cost reduction cannot be expected immediately. From this, it became clear that sufficient time is required to judge the success or failure of privatization. In the future, it is expected that the above results will be compared and verified with the effects of privatization by horizontal separation seen in Japan's national railway reforms.

　"Visual factory diagnosis" is a method of diagnosing problems by visualizing good points and points requiring improvement at the factory site. "Visual factory diagnosis" is studied as a method of grasping items requiring improvement as “signs”, judging the state of the manufacturing site as the maturity level of factory management, recognizing strengths and weaknesses and showing the steps and direction of improvement, The "self-diagnosis checklist" checks the "signs that require improvement" for provided value QDCS to customers, utilization of management resources 5M and safety S, judges the maturity level of factory management, visualize it with a radar chart objectively, and recognize strengths and weaknesses. Based on these steps, we will introduce a measure for examining solutions toward improvement steps and directions using the skills and techniques that should be acquired.

　The golden ratio was adopted to refine the art, music and sports created by modern civilization. This led to the Vitruvian Man drawn by Leonardo da Vinci. With this human figure the golden ratio was adopted for the first time in human proportions, and perhaps showed the standard for human physical proportions. One feels that Leonardo da Vinci’s human figure is not simply beautiful but that it may also propose the necessary physical proportions for humans to live. In modern society working people are sometimes called corporate warriors. The background for this term is probably that working to obtain food for life and to support and protect one’s family feels eminently suitable for working corporate warriors. The physical proportions for these warriors must inevitably mean a healthy body. In other words, corporate warriors need healthy and standard physical proportions. Up to this time, however, there has been no history of thinking about standardization in relation to human proportions. In this study we attempt a discussion of standardization of healthy human proportions as corporate warriors for work and survival for one’s family.

　Hidden obesity may carry the same health risks as obesity, and so from the perspective of employee health management in companies it is necessary to accurately ascertain the status of hidden obesity and take measures for it. In this study, adult males and females aged from their 20s to 70s were classified into five body types based on BMI and body fat percentage. The percentage with hidden obesity in each age group among men and women, and the trends for hidden obesity from the percentage of body fat distribution seen with each BMI level were investigated. The percentage of hidden obesity in each age group tended to increase with age in men. It reached the same percentage as obesity in men in their 60s. In women, on the other hand, there was a decreasing trend from the 20s to 40s. Afterward, however, an increasing trend was seen through the 70s. In all age groups in women, the rate of hidden obesity was higher than that of obesity. The rate of hidden obesity by BMI level tended to increase overall starting from a BMI of 23, and in both men and women the rate was shown to be higher in the second half of adulthood compared with the first half of adulthood.

　When the commodities or useful things are traded on the market, the ownership transfer from sellers to buyers, but in case of services being traded, there are no transfer of ownership. For a long time, we have seen the following definition on the trade of services that “Marketed Services――A market transaction by an enterprise or entrepreneur where the object of the market transaction is other than he transfer of ownership(and title, if any) of a tangible commodity”. This definition has a defect that is negative one, though this definition is adequate for any kind of trade of services, We will try to propose in this papers the affirmative and positive definition of the changes of social relation that appear after the service transaction, by observing “ownership” and “appropriation” concepts in “Das Kapital” written by Karl Marx.

　Since declaration of the state of emergency in Japan by the epidemic of COVID-19, Japanese companies have been forced to introduce working from home or places far from office by internet which avoid human contact. This enforcement of telework affected to companies that were negative to introduce telework. Passing only shorter term after this introducing, telework in Japan start to examine the effect of telework. In this paper, we consider the effect of telework to Japanese companies and Japanese management system which Japanese companies worship. The goal of this paper is considering whether telework alter the style of Japanese companies or not.

　In recent years, Phase Angle has been attracting attention as a nutritional index. This study examined the relationship between Phase Angle and the hierarchical fitness degree balance standardization system. The subjects are three different populations. Nine groups of Phase Angles classified by this system were examined using one-way analysis of variance(one-way ANOVA). As a result, a significant difference was found in all populations. In addition, the three groups had the highest Phase Angle in the “obese, underdevelopment of fat” group, followed by the “average, underdevelopment of fat” group. Furthermore, since the “lean, excessive of development of fat” group had the lowest value, it is considered that the hierarchical fitness degree balance standardization system can be used not only as a lifestyle-related disease prevention index but also as a health index judgment. I found the possibility that it can be used for health management of corporate employees.

　The acquisition of better living habits during youth is known to be important from the medical perspective for the prevention of osteoporosis, but this is important for the prevention of many lifestyle-related diseases, not just osteoporosis. Findings have also been reported that building high bone density in youth slows the onset of osteoporosis and delays arriving at the fracture threshold even when bone density decreases in later years. In this study, we analyze the trends in bone density changes with age and construct an aging evaluation system to explore proposals for health indicators based on bone density evaluations. Bone evaluation figures in which the stiffness value was considered to be bone density were applied to 385 boys in the first to sixth grade of elementary school and 286 boys in the first to third years of junior high school. The age-related change trends were then analyzed from the wavelet interpolation model. Peak stiffness values detected in the aging velocity curve were derived, and the age at maximum peak velocity (MPV) of bone density was identified to be 11.2 years old. This age is younger than the MPV age of 12.6 years old for height and 13.4 years old for weight, and the possibility is conjectured that achieving enhanced bone density on average results in the promotion of height growth. Health management was also explored from proposals for health indicators based on the stiffness value evaluation.

　How, and to what extent, should the government make public sports facilities available to people in response to their needs? This study examined the standards regarding the establishment of public sports facilities in Japan in order to compile basic facts concerning this issue. First, the article identified the standards that the government had established thus far and pointed out that no clear quantitative standards had been issued since the Council for Health and Physical Education released a report in 1972. Second, the article used the 1972 standard as the basis for evaluating the number of facilities that existed as of 2015. It was found that the demand-fulfillment rate had risen to 62.9%, but it still failed to reach 100%. It was also found that, in light of the calculation method and changes in sports trends, it was possible that public sports facilities could be in shorter supply than before. Therefore, this discovery may call for the creation of new standards for the establishment of sports facilities.

　There is concern that the economic growth potential of Japanese society will decline. Simply introducing AI and IoT will be behind developed and emerging countries. Apart from political and administrative issues, measures are needed to recover the growth potential of the manufacturing business. This paper proposes measures to improve intellectual productivity using IT. Especially, this paper describes the reform of sales operations to withstand the shortage of demand.

　Due to the aging of business owners, business succession of small and medium-sized enterprises and family business enterprises has become a social issue. Business succession not only inherits tradition, but also provides an opportunity to realize second founding and innovation by demonstrating entrepreneurship. This research focuses on the recognition of business opportunities in the process of entrepreneurship, and consider the feature of business succession: maintenance of basic management philosophy, existence of existing businesses, diversification of successors, and specific events on the time axis. , We considered how it affects "ambidextrous management," which is a management method that practices exploitation and exploration in a well-balanced manner.

　The spread of COVID-19 infection has had a significant impact on political, economic, and corporate activities. In April 2020, the Japanese government issued a "state of emergency declaration" to prevent the spread of infection. After that, a new life-style was suggested by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and many people are accordingly many people changed their ways of life. Moreover, in order for many companies to adapt to a "new lifestyle," it is necessary to deal with "telework," work of "rotations," and "online meetings." In this study, we discussed how to improve productivity for Japanese companies, especially the Japanese service industry, which have been pointed out as having low "labor productivity per hour" and "labor productivity per person." We will present one proposal for improving productivity in COVID-19 pandemic.

　In recent years，biometric authentication technology has made rapid progress．In the olden days，personal authentication was performed using methods such as signatures and seals as personal authentication technology．Biometric authentication technology is a personal identification technology that uses unique features of the living body．Signatures，imprints，fingerprint authentication，etc． have been used for some time．Since the 20th century，from the application to cash dispensers by fingerprint authentication technology，technologies that require special sensors such as vein authentication and visible light cameras have been used．The face authentication technology has been developed and used in various situations．With the widespread use of face recognition technology, issues have come to be pointed out from the perspective of protecting personal information. In this research, we conducted research on face recognition technology, which has been rapidly developing in recent years, and its application to application fields and issues.

　Under the system for tax payment by self-assessment in Japan, form filed by an enterprise including private business, is called blue income tax return. Historically, tax authorities introduced this system in 1950. We suggest the pioneer of this system is Kobe Kakyou group. In 1948, Kobe tax authorities approached them to persuade to pay income tax as a good citizen in Kobe. They knew well that Kakyou suddenly became rich under the GHQ economic soft policy on them. 　Both sides entered negotiation. Kobe tax authorities understood the position of Kobe Kakyou. It was an important factor in the success of the negotiation.

　This paper is an example of engineering education in the liberal arts course of a science and technology university. What is important in the education of engineers in the liberal arts is to learn how to make use of the knowledge, skills, and wisdom acquired in specialized education after graduating from university. Those who take technical education are required to study a wide range of fields. There are a wide range of fields that require learning, including foreign situations, national situations, companies, work, safety, law, responsibility, ethics, career design, life plans, innovation, etc. This paper introduces the following contents about the courses that are provided as part of the education of engineers in the liberal arts course at the University of Science and Technology. This paper introduces the following contents about the courses that are provided as part of the education of engineers in the liberal arts course of the science and technology university. The content to be introduced is the standard of the subject, Goals, lesson content, lesson composition, implementation method, etc.