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Takashi OHNO, Mitsuhisa FUKUDA, Hiroshi YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-55
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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We carried out the adjustment or operation improvement after completion aiming at energy conservation, at the 10 buildings in the 2003 fiscal year. We measured effect of night-time ventilation (night-purge) at one building in the above-mentioned 10 buildings. We obtained the following results. When indoor temperature was about 25℃ open air temperature was about 19℃, room temperature decreased 1℃ by night-time ventilation for 1 hour (room air replaced about 6 times).
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Yuji TAKAHASHI, Seohiro KIKUCHI, Nobuyuki KOBAYASHI, Kazuhide ITO
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-56
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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In this paper ,we analyzed the quantity of energy saving taking account of reduction of fresh air (Outdoor Air). At first , we calculated the values of normalized concentration in an occupied zone (Cn) in an office space by CFD simulation techniques. In the office model targeted in this paper ,the Cn were 0.82(cooling) and 0.85(heating), therefore reduction of fresh air was 7.5 %. Based on the fresh air flow Rate in which estimated by using Cn data ,we calculated energy consumption, CO_2 emission and running cost of total HVAC System. As a result ,energy consumption and CO_2 emission will be reduced by 2.7% -1.9% , and running cost will be reduced by 11.0%-0.5% respectively.
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Yuumi ISHIKAWA, Takao SAWACHI, Hironao SETO, Shigeki NISHIZAWA, Ken-ic ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-57
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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The experiment is conducted to examine the determinant factors of the discharge coefficient of large openings. Two large openings are set in the diagonal position. The area of one opening is changed to control the differential pressure across another opening, which is the measuring object. The wind pressure on wall and floor, and the airflow rate are measured, and the discharge coefficient is calculated. In conclusion, the discharge coefficient is clearly related to the inflow and outflow angles. The discharge coefficient has larger value when airflow passes vertically through the opening.
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Hironao SETO, Takao SAWACHI, Shigeki NISHIZAWA, Yuumi ISHIKAWA, Ken-ic ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: F-58
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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It has been known recently that the discharge coefficient of large openings can change depending on wind angle, but it is not verified whether the discharge coefficient changes for small openings. The small openings are set on the full-scale building model, and the wind pressure on wall and in the chamber, and airflow rate are measured, so that the discharge coefficient of small openings is obtained. In conclusion, the discharge coefficient of small openings changes depending on wind angle.
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Masao MORI, Toru YAMAMOTO, Minoru TANAKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G-49
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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Recently, several kind of energy contracts are presented by energy supply companies. In this background, energy supply system is various and the energy charge was liberalized. But it is difficult to choice of the energy contract, especially in case of evaluation of the CO_2 emission by the combination of gas and electric power contract. This paper reported the evaluation of the CO_2 emission, energy consumption and energy cost in several combination of gas and electric power contract in actual building.
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Tomoyuki CHIKAMOTO, Yuzo SAKAMOTO, Ryuji YANAGIHARA, Ikuo NISHIMURA, H ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G-50
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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This paper shows the evaluation of reduction of CO_2 in offices to study the effect of the global warming prevention in Tokyo. 4 types of the methods of reduction of CO_2 are set. 1) Operation fault improvement by energy diagnosis of mechanical and electrical expert. 2) Measures with change in resident's lifestyle. 3) Measures when repairing building. and building it. 4) Measures when building. Concrete measures are enumerated. In evaluation of the energy consumption of offices, the energy consumption databases, which include offices, commercial buildings, houses in Tokyo, developed by the authors, were used. Benefit by cost of each global warming prevention methods are also analyzed in this study.
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Hideya KUSANO, Yuzo SAKAMOTO, Tomoyuki CHIKAMOTO, Ryuuji YANAGIHARA, I ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G-51
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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Following (Part 1), this paper shows the calculation and future prediction on the stock floor areas in Office buildings in Tokyo and project macro estimation of CO_2 emissions in the assumption of the future prediction, calculating reduction effects on anti-global-warming-efforts bases from the efforts-based CO_2 emissions original unit calculated in (part 1). Tallying stock floor areas in Office Buildings on building size (gloss floor area) bases enables to consider the effects caused by efforts depending on the building sizes
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Tadashi MIZUISHI, Shuzo MURAKAMI, Toshiharu IKAGA, Yasushi KONDO
Article type: Article
Session ID: G-52
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to simulate the emission of life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) from foamed insulations of houses including the increase of thermal conductivity called as "Ageing". The simulation results are as follows; 1) If foamed insulations put in fluorocarbon are not used, GHG emission of detached houses is reduced by 50% in Sapporo, 70% in Tokyo. 2) In addition, GHG emission of apartments is reduced by 30% in Sapporo and 60% in Tokyo.
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Akira Yokozawa, Tatuo Oka, Masahiro Hirayama, Noriyosi Yokoo
Article type: Article
Session ID: G-53
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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In this research, the amount of greenhouse-gases discharge is converted as C02 emissions, and LCCO2 of the residence at the time of using various kinds of thermal insulation is calculated. This research aims at clarifying relation between various kinds of thermal insulation kind and global warming effect.
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Yosuke ITO, Shuzo MURAKAMI, Toshiharu IKAGA, Tadashi MIZUISHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: G-54
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to show the effect of the increase of the external cost from environmental impacts. The results of simulation are as follows. 1) Influence of external cost on Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is not so large. 2) However, in case of adopting HCFC for foamed insulation, the percentage of external cost in LCC is about 10%. 3) External cost when adopting CFC for the foaming insulation is four times larger than the one when adopting HCFC.
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Masaaki SATO, Motoyasu KAMATA, Manabu YAMAMOTO, Hideo YAMAGA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G-55
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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Building equipments and construction methods used to be selected from viewpoint of initial cost, construction laborsaving,durability,and so on.But long life cycle of building,recycled resource and recycle of waste must be accounted from now on.Comprehensive assessment system of selection including resource sustainability is studied. Then we propose a prototype assessment system and report some case studies.
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Keizo YOKOYAMA, Keiichi YOSHIMUTA, Noriyoshi YOKOO, Tatsuo OKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G-56
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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In order to improve resource productivity of building construction, low material consumption building is designed. Intensities of resource consumption based on 1995 input/output table in Japan are applied for evaluation of this building and based building. In the results, a life cycle resource consumption is 91kg/m ・a, which is 25% lower than based building. The steel frame structure has a significant effect of reduction of resource consumption compared with concrete structure. Furthermore, total material requirement (TMR) such as material consumption include 'Hidden Flow (Ecological Rucksack)' is calculated. The result shows TMR is 4.7 times of DMI in life cycle.
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Yukihiro KAWAZU, Tatsuo OKA, Nobuhiro SHIMADA, Nobuo OFUJI, hideharu N ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G-57
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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This study solves the identities and differences in each country's assessment tool for comparing the assessment results of selected buildings. Moreover, on bad assessment result part, this study solves them for designing and assessing the building which is expected to get bad result.
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Motonari ONO, Shuzo MURAKAMI, Masaaki SATO, Toshiharu IKAGA, Hisashi H ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G-58
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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The Study is for estimation of weighting coefficients about CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency) by the questionnaire based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Answers for the questionnaire from various stakeholders of building-related field are analyzed. This paper reports the results and some studies of the affection by the attribute of answerers and the influence of the answer's consistency.
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Yuichiro ISHIWATA, Yasuhiro HAMADA, Makoto NAKAMURA, Hideki KUBOTA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G-59
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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This study aims to develop the environmental performance assessment system for considering energy conservation, environmental preservation and indoor environment. First of all, some existing systems were outlined and evaluated. Next, the aim and concept of environmental engineering assessment for architecture and urban community was showed in terms of "diagnosis", and the method was applied to 11 projects. Finally, as the future view of this assessment system, the example of analysis using Geographical Information System (GIS) was showed.
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Akiko TSURUTA, Yasuhiro HAMADA, Makoto NAKAMURA, Hideki KUBOTA, Yuichi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G-60
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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This research describes the field performance of an underground cold utilization system for air conditioning, which was applied to an office building constructed in Sapporo in 2002. A hybrid energy pile system was adopted. Second, energy consumptions were measured before and after new construction of the office, and evaluation on energy conservation was carried out.
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Daisuke ICHIKAWA, Takao SAWACHI, Minoru OKABE, Masaki TAJIMA, Hironao ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-42
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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The emission source of formaldehyde is distributed inside a full-scale research detached house. The type and the quantity of the source material is determined according to the new national building code. Under the operation of different kinds of ventilation systems, the concentration was measured for rather long period including summer. The change of formaldehyde emission from the test pieces was recorded by using the decicator method and the chamber method.
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Minoru OKABE, Takao SAWACHI, Masaki TAJIMA, Yasuo KUWASAWA, Haruki OSA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-43
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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The amount of ventilation which influences the formaldehyde concentration of an up-and-down story was verified. The average formaldehyde concentration of the second floor measured 1.25 times of the first floor. And the data obtained from both full-scaled housing system and laboratory tests specified by JIS, it could be concluded that the mean value of actual indoor concentration of formaldehyde could be estimated on the basis of the emission factor which obtained from the "chamber method" specified by JIS A 1901.This estimation would be available for estimating under ordinary indoor environment.
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Kahori GENJO, Shin-ichi MATSUMOTO, Ken-ichi HASEGAWA, Shin-ichi TANABE
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-44
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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Measurement of three houses was conducted in the summer and the winter of 2003. According to a series of survey from 2001, in conclusion, 1) materials used in daily life as well as building materials led to the emission of formaldehyde and VOCs in houses. 2) sick house problem in cold area would be serious not only in well-insulated and airtight houses but also in ordinary houses. 3) it was found to influence for air tightness performance and residents* lifestyle (e.g., opening windows in summer, closing windows in winter and usage of ventilation system) on IAQ.
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Tomonori ITO, Shintaro YOKOYAMA, Koji HATAYA, Katsunori NAGANO, Masash ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-45
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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Radon daughters generated from the earth has the high risk which lung cancer induces, and is considered to be one of the serious indoor contaminants in Europe and America. National Institute of Radiological Sciences started the simultaneous measurement project of the amount of generating to it for 20 cities in East Asia where data are not ready enough until now. In this report, the amount of generating of radon in Sapporo was identified. And the amount of required ventilation in urban space was presumed using the identified amount of generating. Moreover, risk assessment of natural radioactive substances was investigated.
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Junhong ZHAO, Hiroshi YOSHINO, Yasuko YOSHINO, Yunyong NI, Kazukiyo KU ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-46
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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The purpose of this survey is to look into the actual conditions of the residential indoor air quality in urban areas in China. In this survey, the concentrations of about 16 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and 2 carbonyl compounds were measured at 75 residences in 7 cities of China, which were Urumuchi, Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, Changsha, Chongqing, and Kunming. In this paper, the measurement result of 6 VOCs and 2 carbonyl compounds' concentrations were summarized. It was found that the average concentrations of benzene, toluene, and formaldehyde were relatively high.
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Hiroshi KIMURA, Yu AIDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-47
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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Diffusion rate of chemical substance from building material shows high levels when it is just produced or just installed at construction site. After the production or the installation, the diffusion rate decreases with time. Similarly, dwelling houses that are just constructed have high chemical substance concentrations that show relatively large decrease over time after dwellers moved in. In this study, mechanical ventilation was carried out at multiple dwelling houses before move-in to verify its effect on reducing chemical substance concentrations at the time when dwellers move in.
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Shin-ichi TANABE, Seiichi TABUCHI, Hideaki TANI, Eriko NISHIMURA, Hiro ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-48
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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Recently the Building Standards Law was revised in July 2003 against the social problem "Sick house syndrome". Revised Building Standards Law restricts use of building materials that emit formaldehyde and imposes duty of equipping with mechanical ventilation. In this study, a newly-constructed detached house used building materials with low chemical emission rate and equipped with mechanical ventilation in consideration of indoor air quality were measured by using passive methods. Measuring temperature, relative humidity, indoor air concentration and emission rate of aldehydes and VOCs from building materials, differences of indoor air quality between a condition of living and a condition of un-living were investigated.
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Shin-ichi TANABE, Seiichi TABUCHI, [in Japanese], Eriko NISHIMURA, Hir ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-49
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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A multi-family residential building equipped with 24h-mechanical ventilation was measured by using passive methods in summer. Temperature, relative humidity, indoor air concentration and emission rates of aldehydes and VOCs from building materials were measured. It was considered that indoor air quality of these houses was improved by operating mechanical ventilation and intentional ventilation by comparing the results with the data measured last year. In winter, ventilation volume of the house was measured by using PFT method developed proprietary. The relation between supply air and discharge air were come out by comparing mechanical ventilation's performance with the result.
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Shin-ichi TANABE, Seiichi TABUCHI, Hideaki TANI, Eriko NISHIMURA, Hiro ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-50
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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In recent years, indoor air pollution has been serious problems and the revised building standard law was enforced in July, 2003. The number of people who notice natural materials as low-emission materials in consideration of IAQ are increasing. In this study, IAQ of residences using natural materials (ex. wood, diatomaceous earth) were investigated using passive measurement techniques. And questionnaires were used to examine the influence of lifestyle on IAQ. As the results, natural materials have negligible effects on indoor air pollution. It was confirmed through this study that natural materials are available to control of IAQ.
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Shin-ichi TANABE, Seung-Min LEE, Joong-Noon LEE, Sueng-Jae LEE, Min-Ki ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-51
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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From May 2004, indoor air quality control law regarding multiple purpose buildings will be enforced in Korea. In Korea sick house syndrome has been a major social concern. Korean government supports research on the actual conditions of this subject and makes efforts to regulate indoor air pollution. According to the examination results from well-known organization, 47% of examined houses exceeded the guideline value of Japan for formaldehyde, which is 100 ji g/m^3. Therefore, an immediate counter measure is required to prevent problems. In this study, the air concentration, emission rates, and ventilation rates at houses in Korea were measured with the passive measurement method proposed by us.
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Etsuro ARIKAWA, Hiroyuki TODA, Kaori SAKO, Akiko ANDO, Hisayoshi MATSU ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-52
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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The measurement of the formaldehyde was carried out in dissection practical training. The measurement in the representative point is carried out in a past, in the course of curriculum, but the concentration distribution had not been measured. And the formaldehyde concentration distribution was measured in Kochi Univ.. Results are as follows. 1) The formaldehyde concentration was high in the practical training initial stage, and it gradually decreased for the final stage. In the present study, it became in the thoracotomy with the high density 2) The formaldehyde concentration difference was as a double by the place.
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Natsumi NARITA, Shuzo MURAKAMI, Toshiharu IKAGA, Tadashi MIZUISHI, Tom ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-53
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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Sick building syndrome has become very serious nowadays. In this study, the human exposure by formaldehyde is analyzed based on CFD and Predicted Daily Intake (PDI) is calculated in order to evaluate the human health damage caused by indoor air pollution of chemical substance. The PDI is 0.6 μg/kg bw/day in the room where formaldehyde is emitted 1 mg/day.
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Jun-Ichi NAWAMA, Takemi OKETA, Tomoyuki YOSHIDA, Masaichi YAMAMURA, Yo ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-54
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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In the condition of breathing in the air of 30% oxygen concentration, influences on body weight, percentage body fat and blood-sugar level are discussed. The lowering of body weight, percentage body fat and blood-sugar level by daily breathing in the air of 30% oxygen concentration are verified with a statistical siennificant difference.
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Keiko YASUI, Masamitsu KONDO, Tomonori YOSHIDA, Masaichi YAMAMURA, Yos ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-55
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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Effects on psychological and physiological characteristic by intake of high concentration oxygen while taking bubbling bath were studied. To keep oxygen concentration and water temperature, we employed water-heater with oxygen enrichment membrane unit. Using this device, high concentration oxygen (approx.30%) was supplied into bath water. As a result, it's effective for mind and body that intake high concentration oxygen and tended to control the increase of heartbeat.
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Yukiko KODAMA, Tatsuaki TANAKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-56
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to know the assessment of fungi, and investigate the movement of fungi till year. Indoor environment pollution by airborne fungi at the medical facility, used by the people having low power of resistance, is an important problem. From past studies, we can't realize the assessment of fungi. Now this study is the summary of assessment . The object is a hospital at Kawasaki, during 2003. Airborne fungi was sampled by two measuring instruments. RCS air sampler for taking counts and MAS air sampler for identification. At this study,indoor environment of the hospital is kept clean at the viewpoint of airborne fungi,and we got new assesments.
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Etsuko MOCHIZUKI, Toshie IWATA, Daisuke OKAGAKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-57
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to develop a new simple method for measuring the concentration of air-borne fungi. In the simple method, pieces of PET were set on the wall and a few weeks after, fungi spores adhered on the PET pieces were collected by the contact plate technique. This paper shows a high correlation between the concentration of air-borne fungi measured by BIO sampler and CFU collected by the mew m ethod. The equation calculating the concentration of air-borne fungi from the results of the new method was proposed. By using this new method, field measurements were conducted and the results were compared with the international guidelines.
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Takahiro KASHIWA, Tatsuaki TANAKA, Masao MORI
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-58
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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Air-borne microbial diseases are reported in large numbers in hospitals. They are fungal allergic diseases of asthma and atopic dermatitis, pathogenic infections, and hospital-acquired infections. Practically, however, reports on actual air environmental condition in hospitals are few and the hospital designers do not understand the actuality. From a viewpoint of indoor microbial contamination and to construct the database providing indices for design and management of hospital buildings, the dynamic investigation was made on air-borne, settling, and adhering microbes inside general hospitals. This paper reports the result of comparison of the investigation results with the temperature/humidity conditions, existing indices and on the field investigation between the rooms in hospital equiped with the antibacterial performances differed from air-filter characteristics, and the last studies.
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U YANAGI, Kouichi IKEDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-59
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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In order to control the indoor air pollution resulting from microbes, it is important to clarify quantitatively the actual contamination status of the microbes in air -conditioning systems which greatly affects the indoor air quality.This paper reports the results obtained from the survey about the growth environment and the pollution actual status of microbes in the air-conditioning systems equipped in eight office buildings.The main conclusions obtained from this research are as follows. (1) By measurement of the growth speed of Eurotium herbariorum which used as a biosensor in this study, it was shown clearly that the environment down stream of a coil is favorable to the growth of microbes. (2) On some object surfaces of an air filter, a coil, and a humidifier, 1 000 or more microbes per square centimeter were measured.
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Hiroaki NAGURA, Masaya OKUMIYA, Hideki TANAKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: H-60
Published: August 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
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To understand the actual condition of the sickroom environment, it reports on the result of the air environment investigation of sickroom. As a result of the investigation, it was suggested that the bacterium that had bred in FCU in summer disperse in the sickroom along with the dryness of dawning summer. Moreover, the filtering efficiency of FCU final filter was about 40% for the dust of 5オm or more. In the middle period and winter, Securing utilization of FCU is important for the prevention of the rapid indoor pollution.
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Article type: Appendix
Pages
App1-
Published: August 20, 2004
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