This study examined the effects of relativization of the self and others with conflicting opinions on dyadic discussion productivity in face-to-face and computer-mediated situations. Two conditions were set, depending on the level of agreement in the discussion, and two more conditions pertaining to the recognition of similarity of the partner’s general attitude. The messages in the discussion were evaluated from the perspectives of diversity of issues, advantages of the opponent opinion, and politeness of expression. Experiment 1 (N = 78) involved a computer-mediated situation, in which agreement was strongly required, and results indicated productive effects of diversity of points of view while comparing the self with others. Moreover, while recognizing that the self and the partner were similar, polite expression increased as a result of relativization. However, in Experiment 2 (N = 66) in a face-to-face situation, the effect of suppressing productivity was observed symmetrically. Changes in the continuity of the dialogue, differences in the effects of relativization between situations, and applicability of relativization were discussed.

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A significant characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is communication disorder. Children with ASD have difficulty understanding jokes and sarcasm compared to ordinary children, while they are intellectually comparable. This study compared ASD children (N=147, FIQs 75 or higher in WISC - III or IV) with ordinary children (N=593), on the Metaphor and Sarcasm Scenario Test (MSST: Koeda, Adachi, Takeshita, 2000). Results indicated that regardless of ASD, children in upper grades were more able to understand metaphor, and that male children with ASD achieved higher metaphor scores than female, while no such difference was found for ordinary children. ASD children were more likely to interpret sarcasms literally. ASD children also showed stronger correlation between VCI (VIQ) and the metaphor score, while that between sarcasm score and IQ was weak. This suggests that ASD children have a hard time understanding sarcasm accurately desspite their IQ.

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