This study examined the influence of motivation (selfish or altruistic) and social relationships (friend or acquaintance) on evaluations of morality and personality of liars. Participants (N = 163) read scenarios in which an actor made one of four referent statements (selfish lie, altruistic lie, selfish truth or altruistic truth), and then evaluated his/her morality (honesty and benevolence) and personality (Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to experience). The results showed that: a) liars were evaluated lower in honesty and Conscientiousness than truthtellers; b) altruistic liars were evaluated higher in benevolence and Agreeableness than selfish liars as well as selfish truth-tellers; and c) altruistic liars were evaluated higher in Neuroticism and lower in Extroversion than truth-tellers. This study offered new insights on how people evaluate liars.

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We investigated the process by which university students who took a leave of absence from their studies decide to resume their academic program. Semi-structured interviews were conducted twice on three university students who had taken leave and returned. The events and their emotional experiences during the leave of absence were analyzed through the Trajectory Equifinality Model (TEM). The results indicated the following: (1) at the beginning of the leave, students experienced a sense of liberation, while feeling anxiety about losing their active student status; (2) during the leave, they gained work experience through part-time jobs, which made them realize the significance of university education in the working world; (3) their self-initiated activities during the leave allowed them to feel more self-efficacy, and this in turn influenced their decision to return.

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