To improve performance level of a swine herd, genetically superior pigs must be selected. It is necessary to utilize not only an animal's own data but also relatives' data to increase the accuracy of prediction of the breeding value. In this paper the development of a computer program for calculating EBV's on economically important traits in swine and of selection indices based on the Japanese economic values is reported with reference to the Programming Outline for Calculating Estimated Breeding Values in Swine, Purdue University.
In the program, EBV's are calculated on five traits: number of pigs born alive (NBA), litter weight at 21 days (LW 21), body weight at 56 day-old (WT 56), number of days required to reach to 105kg of body weight (DAY) and average back-fat thickness at the weight (BF). These estimates are based on an individual's and relatives' (progeny, parents, full-sibs and half-sibs) data and selection indices are calculated for boars, sows, off-test pigs and young boars.
Three selection indices for 1) Female Line, 2) Rotational Line and 3) Terminal Sire Line are calculated on pigs off-test.
For the calculation of EBV's, a large number of relatives' information in the data set are utilized. When using a small computer, it is necessary to calculate EBV's quickly and accurately.
With the master data files of about 550 sows and 110 boars, it takes about 50 minutes to calculate EBV's of NBA and LW 21 with the contemporary group of about 60 sows. For EBV's of DAY and BF with approximately 600 off-test pigs in a group, only about 15 minutes are needed for the calculation. Also calculation of EBV's of WT 56 requires approximately one minute with about 40 pigs in a contemporary group.

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This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding of dehydrated garbage fried in oil (fried meal) on growth, carcass measurements and fat characteristics of growing-finishing pigs.
Twelve pigs with a mean weight of 69.9kg were allotted to four different dietary groups as follows:
1) Control diet (Japanese pig progeny testing ration).
2) Dehydrated garbage fried in waste oil (fried meal 1).
3) Dehydrated garbage fried in hydrogenated fish oil (fried meal 2).
4) Garbage heated with steam (steamed garbage).
The premix of vitamins and minerals was supplemented to diets (2), (3) and (4). The body weight and the feed intake of the pigs were determined every two weeks. After six weeks of feeding period, the pigs were slaughtered at the same time. The carcass measurements and the physico-chemical characteristics of the body fat were determined. During the experimental term up to two weeks, the daily weight gain and the feed intake of the pigs given the fried meals 1 and 2 and the steamed garbage were inferior to those of the control pigs, but no longer inferior during the term of the third up to the sixth weeks.
There were no appreciable differences among the four different dietary groups in terms of lenghts of carcass and the midback plus the loin on the midline or in terms of thickness of back fat (shoulder, midback and loin).
Effects of dietary treatments on the composition of fatty acids of body fat were examined to find that the garbage fried with hydrogenated fish oil, i. e. the fried meal 2, could increase the contents of C 14:0 and C 16:1 in the body fat of the treated pigs and that the contents of C 18:2 and C 18:3 in the body fat of the pigs given the garbage diets of Groups 2 through 4 including the fried meals were higher than those of the control pigs. The iodine numbers and the refractive indice of the outer and the inner layers of backfat and the leaf fat of the pigs given the diets (2), (3) and (4) tended to be higher than those of the fat of control pigs.
The results of the present study suggest that it would be necessary for pigs to have fairly long time for adaptation for the fried meals before they are subjected to continued feeding of them, but that even exclusive feeding of the fried meals with addition of vitamins and minerals would be applicable for their growth. It was also realized that the differences in the kinds of frying oils for dehydration of garbage will bring about some differences in the composition of fatty acids in the body fat of the pigs.

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Morphological changes in umbilical cords of 884 piglets were examined in the present study with lapse of time at their neonatal stage. The length, diameter, and moisture content of umbilical cord of each of the newborn piglets were in the range of 31.2±13.0cm, 7.28±1.09mm and 92.9±1.2%, respectively. Of the postnatal changes in the umbilical cords, rapid shortening in the length of umbilical cord was noted up to 4 hours of the neonatal stage, with significant differences (P<0.01) in the piglets with a length of umbilical cord at birth over 11cm from that of the others. Especially, the rate of shortening of the length of umbilical cord was the highest (into 76.2%) in those with a length of umbilical cord over 41cm, whereas the rate of shortening was so insignificant as by 18.5% in those with a length of umbilical cord less than 10cm at birth. The shortening of the length of the umbilical cord was not so significant after 4 hours from birth. The diameter of the umbilical cord was 2.69±0.51mm at 12 hours after birth with hardly any changes thereafter. The moisture content decreased into 46.6±9.5, 17.9±1.9 and 17.6±1.5%, at 6, 12 and 18 hours after birth, respectively. In conjunction with the relationship between the angle of flexure and the moisture content, the content was 58.7, 39.6 and 21.1% for the angles of 80°, 40° and 0°, respectively, showing a significant correlation (P<0.01, r=0.852) between the two parameters.

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