This paper discusses information analysis activities for countering terror attacks, by looking into a popular television drama ' ( )'. It takes up about 200 related scenes on DVDs of the drama and classifies them from the viewpoints such as technological crime investigation, key information technology system, content of information, aspects of information security, skill of information analysis, and relation with social infrastructures. The discussion results suggests us the technical resources and human abilities required for countering possible terror attacks.

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The present paper deals with the uptake of radioactivity into the organs and tissues in the red sea bream Chrysophrys major, 24h after injection of [¹⁴C] eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3). [¹⁴C] 20:5ω3 was biologically prepared by incubating a marine Chlorella with[1-¹⁴C] linolenic acid. The incorporation of radioactivity into the organs and tissues was determined by radioactive measurements with a liquid scintillation counter after combustion of each tissue or organ and also by autoradiography of the total body of the red sea bream.
The results of the present study showed that radioactivity from [¹⁴C] 20:5ω3 was mainly incorporated into the gall bladder, swim bladder, liver, and pyloric caecum, suggesting that dietary 20:5ω3 may take part in some physiologically important metabolism in these organs.

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The objective of this study was to develop an optimal processing technique capable of reducing antinutrients to acceptable levels, retain nutrients and functional values of avocado seeds for human consumption. Different processing conditions for probiotic fermentation, boiling and soaking techniques were studied to establish optimal processing conditions for the seeds. The antinutrients, antioxidant activity, total phenolics and selected nutrients of avocado seeds were analyzed using analytical standard methods. All processing techniques significantly (p < 0.05) reduced over 50% of antinutrients. The highest total phenolics and antioxidant activity (IC₅₀) were 33.3 mgGAE/g and 0.8 mg/mL respectively which were observed at a fermentation temperature of 37 °C. Soaking and boiling reduced the analyzed minerals to about 30% whereas probiotic fermentation retained 100% of minerals analyzed, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. Moreover, probiotic fermentation demonstrated the best results in comparison to boiling and soaking thus, considered as an optimal processing method for improving nutritional and functional values of avocado seeds.

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BALB/c mice were inoculated intracerebrally with fixed rabies virus (CVS-11) and pathomorphological changes in the central nervous system were studied. Infected mice showed ruffled hair, hunchback, anorexia, emaciation and ataxia at 5 days postinoculation (DPI), but paralysis did not occur. Viral antigens were first detected in the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at 3 DPI, and these cells exhibited apoptosis at 5 DPI. Microglial cells and astroglial cells significantly increased in the areas of the nerve cells which showed apoptosis. However, spinal neurons and spinal dorsal root ganglion cells did not exhibit apoptosis despite virus infection. These observations indicate that different mechanism which causes apoptosis exists among the neurons of the brain and spinal cord, and glial cells play an important role in pathogenesis of the experimental rabies.

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Two-factor experiment was designed to examine from lipid metabolism, proinflammatory eicosanoids, and lipid peroxidation for investigating the effects of dietary oils and zinc levels of cardiovascular system of broilers. One hundred sixty 1-d-old male broilers were divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates of 5 birds fed one of the diets containing either corn oil or fish oil with one of 2 levels (75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg) of zinc. Fish oil significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol of broilers, decreased the contents of plasma prostaglandin E₂, thromboxane B₂, and phospholipase A₂ in broilers when compared with corn oil. Zn level did not alter lipid metabolism, but significantly affected eicosanoid synthesis and lipid peroxidation of broilers. Zinc at 150 mg/kg significantly decreased the contents of plasma prostaglandin E₂, malondialdehyde, and phospholipase A₂ in broilers when compared to zinc at 75 mg/Kg. There were significant interactions between oil sources and zinc levels on production of serum triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, plasma 6-keto- prostaglandin F_1α, phospholipase A₂ and malondialdehyde. In conclusion, fish oil improved lipid profiles, reduced proinflammatory eicosanoid contents by inhibiting phospholipase A₂ production in broilers; while zinc reduced the contents of plasma malondialdehyde, phospholipase A₂, and then decreased the concentration of prostaglandin E₂ of broilers.

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Blood pressure has been shown to decrease in response to hospital admission. Several parameters including the decline of sympathetic nervous activity and negative sodium balance have been shown to be involved in this phenomenon. We investigated genetic influence on office BP and BP after hospitalization. One hundred and sixty-three men from the general population, free from antihypertensive medication, were enrolled in the present study. They stayed at the hospital for general medical check-up. BP was measured on the day of admission, and again the following day. Mean systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased after hospitalization from 117.3±9.9mmHg to 115.3±12.8mmHg (p=0.042). Subjects with DD+ID genotype showed a significantly higher systolic blood pressure after hospitalization than that of subjects with genotype II. There were no genotype specific differences in diastolic blood pressure or changes in blood pressure by the administration. In summary, systolic blood pressure after hospitalization was significantly higher in normotensive male subjects who possessed the D allele of ACE I/D polymorphism. (Hypertens Res 2000; 23: 201-205)

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Recently, two rice genes, OsAPETALA2 (OsAP2) and OsWRKY24 have been reported to be positive regulators involved in increased lamina inclination and grain size through cell elongation. Here, we found that the two genes have tightly linked expression patterns and functional convergence in rice, and are also likely to play an opposite role in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of the two rice transcription factors in Arabidopsis caused smaller plant size with reduced cell size, and the expression of a series of genes encoding expansins and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) involved in cell elongation was reduced. However, transgenic Arabidopsis expressing OsWRKY24-SRDX as a synthetic chimeric repressor displayed indistinguishable phenotypes from wild-type plants. Moreover, the subcellular localization pattern of OsWRKY24 in Arabidopsis was different from that in rice. Thus, we demonstrate an example of transcription factors from one species playing distinct roles in different plant species.

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1. An experimental study was made of the effects of high temperature applied to the excised anthers of Tradescantia paludosa, and in each experiment, the initial meiotic stage of the anther was tested.
2. Various abnormal figures previously reported by many workers were reinvestigated with special reference to the relationships between the treated meiotic stages and the chromosome aberrations.
3. Some characteristic behaviors of the meiotic chromosome were also discussed.

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The pharmacological activities of synthetic human CCK-33, in which a tyrosine molecule was sulfated by arylsulfotransferase, were investigated in the rat and the guinea-pig. The activities were compared with those of non-sulfated CCK-33 (CCK-33NS), CCK-8 and CCK-4. CCK-33 was about 100 fold more potent than non-sulfated CCK-33(CCK-33NS)but was about 20 fold less potent than CCK-8 in the contraction of the isolated gallbladder of the guinea-pig. In rat pancreatic secretion, intravenous CCK-33 and CCK-8 showed almost the same activity. The potency of each was about 1000 fold more than the individual potency of CCK-33NS, non-sulfated CCK-8 (CCK-8NS) and CCK4. There were no significant differences in gastric acid stimulatory activities among CCK-33, CCK-8, CCK-4, but the activities of CCK-33NS and CCK-8NS were less than those of CCK-33 and CCK-8, respectively. CCK-33 and CCK-8 produced a reduction in the intake of powder chow in doses of 10^-8 and 3×10^-8mol/kg i.p., but CCK-33NS, CCK-8NS and CCK-4 did not. In conclusion, the activities of synthetic human CCK-33 are almost the same as those of CCK-8 on exocrine pancreatic secretion, gastric acid secretion and food intake, but less than CCK-8 on isolated gallbladder contraction.

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In a previous study using young Japanese men as subjects, Ebine et al, found that accelerometer (AC) represents a promising technique for measuring free-living total energy expenditure (TEE) when compared to activity records (AR) and heart rate monitoring (HR). Thus, the present study was designed to validate the use of an AC and to determine whether or not the previous findings regarding the three alternative field methods (AC, AR, and HR) could be extended to older Japanese men (n=24; mean±SD age 48±10y, body mass index 23.1±2.7kg/m² and body fat 18.7±4.8%). TEE values obtained over a 3d period by AR, HR, and AC (3dAC), and AC over a 14d period (14dAC) were simultaneously validated against TEE measured by the doubly labeled water (DLW) method applied within a 14 d period. TEE values obtained by AR, HR, 3dAC, and 14dAC ranged from 1, 750 to 3, 447 kcal/d, 1, 691 to 5, 286 kcal/d, 1, 716 to 2, 765 kcal/d, and 1, 700 to 2, 855 kcal/d, respectively. Expenditures obtained by HR were similar to those obtained using the DLW method, with a mean difference of 57±603 kcal/d (2%), but those obtained using AR, 3dAC, and 14dAC differed substantially from the DLW method, with mean differences of -335±289 kcal/d (12%), -542±249 kcal/d (-19%), and -566±223 kcal/d (-20%), respectively. AR, HR, 3dAC, and 14dAC were significantly correlated with the DLW method, with r values of 0.76 (p<0.0001), 0.67 (p<0.001), 0.78 (p<0.0001), and 0.83 (p<0.0001), respectively. Intra-individual variation indicated by the coefficient of variation (CV) was significantly higher for HR (15±11%, p<0.001) than for AR (7±4%), 3dAC (7±5%), and 14dAC (8±3%). The same findings were obtained using Bland and Altman plots at the population level. Interestingly, 3dAC and 14dAC were significantly correlated with r=0.97 (p<0.0001), with a lower mean difference of 24 kcal/d. These results suggest that, same as the previous study, AC is superior to HR in estimating TEE, and seems to be satisfactory for estimation at both group and individual levels, particularly for large-scale studies of older individuals when compared to the DLW method. However, some modifications of the AC method may be needed to compensate for the underestimation of TEE.

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The effect of radiation on tumor tissue can be optimized by adding radiosensitizing agents, in order to achieve a greater degree of tumor damage than expected from the use of either treatment alone. The ethanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya (APE) was tested in Swiss albino mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and exposed to various doses of γ-radiation. EAC mice received 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 or 200 mg/kg body wt APE before exposure to 6 Gy γ-radiation followed by once daily administration for another 8 consecutive days post-irradiation. The optimum radiosensitizing dose was found to be 50 mg/kg APE that was further tested in EAC mice exposed to 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy hemi body γ-radiation. The best effect of APE and radiation was observed for 6 Gy γ-radiation. The splitting of 50 mg into two equal fractions of 25 mg and administering the split dose with a gap of 8 h on 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 d of tumor inoculation resulted in an increased survival even when the drug was administered at late stages (day 5) of tumor development. The APE treatment before irradiation elevated lipid peroxidation followed by a reduction in the glutathione contents. Treatment of tumor bearing mice with APE before irradiation further reduced the activities of various antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase at different post last drug administration (PLDA) times.

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【目的】起立性低血圧(orthostatic hypotension; OH)を有する2型糖尿病患者において，24時間心拍変動パワースペクトル解析(PSA)を施行し，心自律神経機能との関連について検討した．【対象と方法】対象は91名の2型糖尿病患者とし，起立性低血圧の診断基準は，起立時に収縮期血圧が30mmHg以上の低下，あるいは20mmHg以上の低下，かつふらつき・めまいなどを有した場合とした．24時間ホルター心電図より得られた連続したR-R間隔を対象にPSAが施行された．高速フーリエ変換法により，low frequency（LF: 交感・副交感神経両方の活性），high frequency（HF: 副交感神経活性）が算出され，さらにLF/HF比を交感神経・副交感神経バランスの指標とした．【結果】OH群が14名，正常群（No OH群）が77名であった．OH群では，No OH群に比し，クレアチニン・クリアランス，正中神経伝導速度が有意に低下していた．LF/HF比は，24時間のいずれの時間帯においても，OH群はNo OH群に比し，有意に低下していた．一方，HF値については，いずれの時間帯において，両群間に有意な差を認めなかった．起立時の収縮期血圧低下度を目的変数とした多変量解析により，24時間平均LF/HF比がその独立寄与因子として明らかとなった．【結論】起立性低血圧患者では，心自律神経機能の中でも特に交感神経機能の低下が示唆された．また，糖尿病性自律神経障害の評価法として，24時間にわたるLF/HFの解析が有用であると考えられた．

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輸血管理体制や輸血療法委員会の活動状況に関する現状を把握すべく，2004年度調査から4年連続で輸血医療の総括的アンケート調査を実施した．輸血検査·輸血用血液の一元管理は748施設（88.7%）でなされていた．輸血管理料取得の条件でもあることから，アルブミンの使用状況を輸血部門が把握している施設は621施設（75.0%）と増えてきている．輸血療法委員会は799施設（95.2%）に設置され，専任もしくは兼任の輸血責任医師の任命，輸血検査業務に責任を持つ臨床検査技師（輸血責任臨床検査技師）の配置の条件を充たす医療機関も徐々に増加し，輸血検査の24時間体制は300床以上の病床を持つ大規模病院では90.9%と整ってきているが，300床未満の中小規模病院では44.4%とまだ半数に達していなかった．輸血実施システムにおけるコンピュータの利用に関しても，年々増加傾向にはあるが未だ十分とは言えず，特に中小規模病院において55.5%にとどまっていた．輸血管理料は全体の1/3以上の医療機関（輸血管理料I: 133施設，II: 188施設）が既に取得していた．また，輸血責任医師の任命状況で病床あたりの血液使用量と廃棄率を比較したところ，専任，兼任の輸血責任医師のいる施設では，病床あたりの血液使用量は多く廃棄率は低い傾向が見られ，それは大規模病院で顕著であった．さらに大規模病院においては輸血責任医師が兼任のときは輸血責任臨床検査技師が専任の施設の方が血液廃棄率は低い傾向が見られた．

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Aim: The association between urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative stress marker, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been confirmed because no previous studies evaluated 24-hour 8-OHdG excretion levels in the general population. We aimed to confirm the association between 24-hour urinary 8-OHdG levels and CVD risk among Japanese men and women.

Methods: A nested case-control study was performed based on a 24-hour urine collection in a community-based cohort study performed from 1996 to 2005. Seventy-six cases (55 men and 21 women) who experienced their first CVD incidence during the follow-up period (median: 5.9 years) were recruited. The controls were frequency-matched 1:2, with each case for sex, age, area of residence, and baseline year. The 8-OHdG level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression models adjusted for body mass index, ethanol intake, smoking status, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Results: The geometric mean and geometric standard deviation (SD) of 8-OHdG levels (nmol/day) for cases and controls were 35.5 (1.55) and 35.5 (1.54) for men and 32.1 (1.35) and 25.0 (1.39) for women, respectively. The multivariable OR (95% CI) of CVD incidence according to the 1-SD increment of the log-transformed 8-OHdG level was 2.08 (0.99–4.37) for women. The multivariable ORs (95% CIs) for the 1st (lowest) and 4th versus 2nd quartile according to 8-OHdG for men were 3.29 (1.02-10.61) and 2.77 (0.96–7.96), respectively.

Conclusion: A high 8-OHdG level tended to be associated with CVD incidence among women.

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A number of effective drugs have been developed through animal experiments, contributing to the health of many patients. In particular, the WHHL rabbit family (WHHL rabbits and its advanced strains (coronary atherosclerosis-prone WHHL-CA rabbits and myocardial infarction-prone WHHLMI rabbits) developed at Kobe University (Kobe, Japan) contributed greatly in the development of cholesterol-lowering agents. The WHHL rabbit family is animal models for human familial hypercholesterolemia, coronary atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. At the end of breeding of the WHHL rabbit family, this review summarizes the contribution of the WHHL rabbit family to the development of lipid-lowering agents and anti-atherosclerosis agents. Studies using the WHHL rabbit family demonstrated, for the first time in the world, that lowering serum cholesterol levels or preventing LDL oxidation can suppress the progression and destabilization of coronary lesions. In addition, the WHHL rabbit family contributed to the development of various compounds that exhibit lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic effects and has also been used in studies of gene therapeutics. Furthermore, this review also discusses the causes of the increased discrepancy in drug development between the results of animal experiments and clinical studies, which became a problem in recent years, and addresses the importance of the selection of appropriate animal models used in studies in addition to an appropriate study design.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of maintenance enteral electrolytic solutions administered naso-ruminally in continuous flow in adult goats subjected to water and food restriction. Six adult non-pregnant and non-lactating female goats, aged between two and five years old, were used in a crossover (6 × 2) study. Solution 1 (SEE1) comprised: 4.5 g sodium chloride (NaCl); 1 g potassium chloride (KCl); 0.5 g magnesium chloride (MgCl); 1 g calcium chloride in 1,000 ml of water (measured osmolarity: 202 mOsm/l). Solution 2 (SEE2) comprised: 4.5 g of NaCl; 1 g of KCl; 0.5 g of MgCl; 2 g of calcium acetate in 1,000 ml of water (measured osmolarity: 212 mOsm/l). The solutions were administered naso-ruminally at a dose rate of 15 ml/kg/hr, for 12 hr. The animals were evaluated at times T-24, T0, T4, T8, T12, and T24. Both enteral electrolytic solutions were effective in expanding blood volume. SEE1 showed a low-intensity acidifying potential, while SEE2 showed behavior of a neutral enteral electrolytic solution.

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組織学的に確認された燕麦細胞癌33例を対象とし, 喀痰, 気管支擦過物, TV-ブラシュ法により細胞診断を施行し, 100%の陽性率をえた. 本腫瘍細胞は核の大小不同が著明であるが大多数の症例において, 核径11μ以上の大型細胞が混在していた. またヘマトキシリンに濃染する核と淡染する核がみられ, 後者の方が早く変性すると考えられる. 位相差顕微鏡で観察したもっとも新鮮な癌細胞は, 核縁が均一でクロマチンは細網状であるが, 気管支鏡あるいはTV-ブラシュ法でえた癌細胞では, 約30%に変性クロマチンを混じていることから, 本腫瘍細胞は生体内で早くから変性をおこすことを示している. さらに本腫瘍のタッチプレパラートと, 気管支carcinoidおよびneuroblastomaのそれと比較した結果, 二者間に共通の性格をみいだした.

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