1. The chromosome numbers of 64 species have been studied on which 56 are investigated for the first time.
2
. Morphological, anatomical and cytological findings on the
Musaceae in the broad sense are considered from a phylogenetical standpoint and three distinct groups:
a)
Musa-Ensete,
b
)
Ravenala-Strelitzia-Phenakospermum and
c
)
Holiconia are recognised as suggested by some authors. For these groups sub-familial status is proposed.
3
.
Lowiaceae have been studied for the first time cytologically and their chromosome morphology, distinct from that of any other group of
Zingiberales, confirms their claim to familial status.
4. Consideration of the conflicting theories proposed to account for the higher chromosome number in genera like
Globba,
Alpinia, and
Phaemeria, etc. leads to rejection of Chakravorti's hypothesis of wholesale fragmentation of chromosomes and the acceptance of the opposed view of Raghavan and Venkatasubban and others.
5
. Holttum's transference of the genus
Zingiber to the tribe
Hedychieae has been given cytological support on the following points:
a) the basic number in the genus
Zingiber correlates with that of
Kaempferia.
b
) the new tribe
Alpinieae (which is infact
Zingibereae without
Zingiber) have consistently 48 chromosomes in their somatic complements.
6. It is suggested that the African representatives of
Kaempferia should be given the status of genus;
Cienkowskya on the following points:
a) the difference in floral morphology
b
) geographical separateness and
c
) the difference in the number and morphology of the chromosomes. By comparing the present and past findings, various lines of evolution of the chromosome complements within each group are discussed.
7
. The basic number 11 is considered to be probably the original one for the
Zingiberales as a whole, being present in
Ravenala which is the most primitive member in the order. From this secondary basic numbers have arisen through evolution.
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