Chemical properties of ergosta-4, , (14), -tetraen-3-one (1) were investigated. Though 1 is rather stable to acids or bases, it reacts easily with two moleculres of oxygen on irradiation with UV light to give , 9α-epidioxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4, , -trien-3-one (2), which is transformed successively to , ;, 9α-diepoxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4, -dien-3-one (3) and 14α-hydroperoxy-9α-hydroxyergosta-4, , -triene-3, -dione (4) under these reaction conditions.

抄録全体を表示

We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,5α,-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,5α,-triol (4), -dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol () were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, 3, 5 and did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C- of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

抄録全体を表示

The paper examines how well standard sources of impact sounds(bang-machine, A-ball, NF-ball, new rubber ball)imitate real impact sounds(human jumping and hopping).The compared sounds were described from psychoacoustic point of view.At the same time similarities between the impact sounds were judged in the psychoacoustic experiment.Results were compared with the existing standards expressed in F- and S-maximum sound levels:L_{A max, F}, L_{A max, S} and sound exposure level L_AE.

抄録全体を表示

There has been strong demand for enhancement techniques of single-phase forced convection heat transfer because of its wide area of application on the one side and because of inferior heat-transfer capability, when compared with phase change heat transfer such as boiling and condensation, on the other side. The enhancement techniques are indispensable when gases are used as heat-transfer media. In this article the basic principles of enhancement of single-phase forced convection heat transfer are described in the first place. Three principal techniques currently employed, i..,(a) interrupted fins, (b) twisted tapes, and (c) turbulence promoters, are introduced. Mechanisms of heat-tansfer enhancement and the state-of-the art review on the R&D are presented for these techniques. In addition to these, supplementary remarks are given on techniques utilizing multiphase flow and electrostatic field.

抄録全体を表示

急性骨髄性白血病(AML)の寛解導入療法において，海外の基礎および臨床研究では，IDRの有用性が数多く報告され，IDRとシタラビン(Ara-C)の組み合わせが治療戦略の主体となっている。われわれは1995年5月から1998年10月までの当科におけるIDRを寛解導入療法に用いた初発AML41例について，その臨床経過，寛解率，再発率，予後について検討した。その成績は当科での92年から95年に行った，寛解導入にDNRを用いたJALSG-AML92登録26例の成績とほぼ同等であった。なお前者では，従来予後良好因子とされているt(;21)(q;q)を有する症例5例が全例再発し，IDRによる寛解導入療法ではこの染色体異常は予後を反映しないことが示唆されたが，CD56陽性など予後不良因子が加味していたことも疑われる。今後長期予後を期待するためには，寛解導入後の地固め療法をより強化することが必要と考えられた。

抄録全体を表示

CTAの行政上の取り扱い、歴史、投資戦略等をまず簡単に説明する。CTAとは金融先物、オプション、スワップを対象とした取り引きに関する投資のアドバイスやサービスを個人、ファンドに提供する個人、または組織に対する金融行政上の用語で、正式名はCommodity trading advisorである。CTAという用語は投資信託、ETFを含むヘッジファンド、プライベートファンドへの投資アドバイスにも適応される。CTAs は米国連邦政府による規制対象であり Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) への登録と National Futures Association (NFA) のメンバーになることが義務付けられている。また、CTAはヘッジファンドの投資スタイルのひとつ (Global Macro) でもある。

抄録全体を表示

赤芽球と巨核芽球の2系統の細胞増殖を伴って発症し，再発時には，赤芽球および巨核芽球の両者の表面形質を有する細胞の増殖が主体となっていた乳児白血病の1例を経験した。症例は9カ月の女児。体重増加不良と貧血を主訴として入院した。肝脾腫，胸水貯留を認め，末梢血では，白血球増多，血小板減少，貧血を認めた。骨髄では，赤芽球が53.2%（PAS陽性，α-NA陽性，CD41陰性，MPO陰性）であり，細胞質にblebの目立つ巨核芽球を20.4%（PAS陽性，α-NA陽性，CD41陽性，MPO陰性）認めた。初発時には，CD41とGlycophorin Aを用いた2カラーのflow cytometryで，それぞれ単独に陽性となる細胞集団を認めたが，再発時にはdouble positiveの細胞集団が主体となっていた。また，染色体分析では乳児の急性巨核芽球性白血病(M)に特異的な1;転座を認めた。本例は，赤芽球系と巨核芽球系に共通した前駆細胞レベルでの白血化である可能性が考えられた。

抄録全体を表示

帯状疱疹に対するRo-8181の有効性, 安全性および有用性を検討するため, ヒト血清アルブミンを対照薬として, 二重盲検比較試験を行つた。皮膚症状の観察項目別の改善率では, 水疱·膿疱において投与開始後5日目でRo-8181群70%, placebo群50%で, 両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。皮膚症状改善度の推移を著明改善以上の症例についてみると, 投与開始後4日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群%, placebo群0%であり, Fisherの直接計算法で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。また, 投与開始後5日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群15%, placebo群3%であり, κ² 検定で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。主治医による有効性の判定ではU検定でRo-8181群が優れている傾向が認められた。主治医による安全性の判定では副作用発現率がRo-8181群83%, placebo群14%であり, U検定で両群間に差(p<0.001)が認められた。主治医による有用性の判定ではU検定で両群間に差は認められなかつた。以上の結果より, 帯状疱疹に対し, Ro-8181は皮疹のうち水疱·膿疱に対して有効であり, 主治医判定でも有効性が認められたが, 安全性については本薬剤の耐薬性が示されたものの副作用の発現率が高かつたため, 有用性は高くないと考えられた。

抄録全体を表示

In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and 90° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of W_P=190 kJ•mol^-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca²⁺ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca²⁺ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about 80% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca²⁺. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.

抄録全体を表示

Eight new sterols, 5α, -epidioxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -dien-3β-ol (1), 3β, 5α, 9α-trihydroxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -dien--one (2), 3β, 5α, 9α-trihydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en--one (3), 3β, 5α, 9α, 14α-tetrahydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien--one (4), (, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, , 9α-tetrol (5), 5α, 9α-epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien--one (), 5α, 9α-epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en--one () and 5α, -epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, , 14α-triol (), have been isolated from five edible mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko together with fifteen known ones (9-23), of which two (16 and 17) are reported for the first time from a fungal source. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

抄録全体を表示

Six new sterols, 5α, ;, 9α-diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (1), 5α, ;, 9α-diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (2), 5α, -epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, -diol (3), (, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, -triol (4), (, 24R)-23-methulergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, , 9α-tetrol (5) and (24S)-ergost--ene-3β, 5α, , 9α-tetrol (), have been isolated from seven mushrooms, Amanita pantherina, Amantia virgineoides, Lactarius piperatus, Lyophyllum shimeji, Tricholoma portentosum, Hypsizigus marmoreus and Lentinula edodes together with eighteen known ones (-24). The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

抄録全体を表示

We have discussed the resolution of submicron photoluminescence (PL) imaging using a solid immersion lens (SIL), which collects an evanescent light field. We apply the SIL microscope to measure PL image of a strip-line-patterned GaAs quantum well structure at low temperature. An improved resolution beyond diffraction limit and high collection efficiency of PL are realized.

抄録全体を表示

　単斜晶BiSr-xCa3+xOはBi-SrCa-Cu-O系2112超伝導相と共存することが知られているが、基本的な結晶化学的特性に未解明の点が多い.本研究は,この特性を明らかにすると同時に光触媒としての可能性を検討することを目的とする。　2122相と共存する単結晶BiSr-xCa3+xO(P21/c; Z=2, a=1.1150(1)nm, b=0.5972(1)nm, c=1.9894(2)nm, β=101.51(1)゜)の単結晶構造解析をRigaku-RAPIDシステムを用いて行い,信頼度因子4.3％の構造モデルを得た.　現在BiSr-xCa3+xOの酸化還元挙動の解明とともに,バンドギャップ測定を進めている.

抄録全体を表示

As Th subsets are identified, their involvement in the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune diseases has become apparent. In this study, we investigated differentiation of Th cells in the autoimmune thyroid diseases including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD). Besides, we also explored the involvement of Th cells in an iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) model (., NOD.H-2^h4 mice). In HT patients, we showed the level of circulating Th cells correlated with the level of serum IL-, and was significantly higher than in GD patients and healthy control subjects. Levels of serum IL-, a major Th cell differentiation effector, were also higher in HT, and correlated with Th cells concentration. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from HT patients produced larger amounts of IL- in vitro than did those isolated from other groups. Furthermore, unlike those from GD patients, T lymphocytes from HT patients showed an enhanced differentiation in vitro into Th cells in the presence of recombinant IL- and TNF-α. In addition, levels of circulating Th cells and titers of thyroid peroxidase antibody were positively correlated in HT patients. In NOD.H-2^h4 mice, higher numbers of Th cells were observed in the spleens of the AIT group, while splenocytes of this group also produced larger amounts of IL- and IL- in vitro compared with the control. Intra-thyroid infiltrating IL-+ lymphocytes were significantly increased in mice of the AIT group compared with the control. Our results indicate that Th cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of HT.

抄録全体を表示

To elucidate the effect of citric acid on the stability of dissolved ozone, half-lives of ozone in a citric acid solution was investigated. Prolongation of the half-life of ozone was clearly shown in the presence of citric acid in ozonized water. In the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), the half-life of ozone was decreased. The addition of various concentrations of citric acid to the EDTA solution, however, reversed the half-life in a concentration-dependent manner. These indicate that citric acid suppresses ozone self-decomposition in water. A citric acid-mediated suppression mechanism of ozone self-decomposition involving hydroxy radical (HO•) was proposed as follows: HO• formed by the radical chain reaction process of ozone is scavenged by a way of abstracting the hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom located α-position of a carbonyl group. The radical chain reaction of ozone is, thus, suppressed. These findings demonstrate that the addition of citric acid to ozonized water is useful for the stabilization of ozone. This ability may contribute to the application of ozone sterilization in food production processes.

抄録全体を表示

Two new compounds ,-epoxy theonellin isothiocyanate (1) and 5α,-epidioxyergosta-,,25-trien-3β-ol (2) along with two known compounds, theonellin isothiocyanate (3) and theonellin formamide (4) have been isolated from the sponge Phycopsis sp. Compound 2 showed cytotoxic activity against HL-60 and U937 human cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 5.96±0.02 and 31.72±0.55 μg/ml, respectively.

抄録全体を表示

Four new sterols, 5α, -epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-(14), -diene-3β, -diol (1), (, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, , -tetrol (2), (, 24R)-ergosta-, 9(11), -triene-3β, 5α, -triol (3) and 3β, 5α, -trihydroxy-(, 24R)-ergost--en--one (4), have been isolated from the fruit bodies of Grifola frondosa (FR.) S. F. GRAY (Polyporaceae)together with fourteen known ones (5-18), of which two (5 and ) are reported for the first time from a natural source. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data.

抄録全体を表示