グローバル資本主義を支えるジェンダー表象のダイナミクス

女性に対する暴力をめぐる視覚表象と「第三世界」女性NGO

抄録

A number of past studies have addressed the racialized and gendered representations of people from Third World countries by examining the public fundraising and advocacy materials produced by development and human rights non-governmental organizations （NGOs）. These studies have highlighted the

fact that the history of colonialism and contemporary global material inequalities tend to be erased in the name of humanitarianism and by the victimization

of Third World women and children. However, since most of these studies have

focused on prominent international NGOs located in European countries and the

United States of America, the representational practices of Third World NGOs

are rarely discussed.

　　This paper aims to explore how gendered visual representations are

employed within the materials that Third World women’s NGOs produce for

the First World public by analyzing a photobook published on the Internet by a

Bangladeshi women’s NGO that provides support for the survivors of acid violence.

　　The results of a quantitative content analysis and a semiological analysis

have clarified that many of the female survivors portrayed in the photobook

overcame their suffering and achieved self-realization through inner spiritual

strength. However, the images of these survivors also contribute to the dominant

logic of global capitalism by depicting women smiling as they participate

in income-generating activities, rear children in their capacity as housewives in

nuclear families, and initiate family planning programs in rural communities. By

obscuring the complex global forces of economic globalization that have exacerbated

violence against women in the Third World, the photobook reproduces

the colonial relationship between Third World women and First World donor

agencies.