The present study was designed to clarify the formation logic of agricultural work using temporary workers in agricultural employment labor. On the basis of the different roles in agricultural work, temporary workers were divided into two types, the single function temporary workers and the supervisory temporary workers, after which analysis was undertaken. As a common point, with the temporary workers being positioned as single function workers, the role of supervisory workers and educators were also set up to manage these single function workers. As for differences, for the single function temporary workers type, regular workers and part-time workers undertook the role of management, while for the supervisory temporary workers type, temporary workers were responsible for this. This was caused by the long-term employment for winter work. However, because the farmers themselves could not control the movements of temporary workers, it became a limitation for the supervisory temporary worker type. Based on these finding, it becomes clear that regular workers and part-time workers who play the role of supervisory workers and educators are necessary conditions to the agricultural work form using temporary workers. In other words, in order to ensure presence of regular workers and part-time workers, continuation of full-year or long-term employment aiming at winter work can be said to be the formation logic of agricultural work form using temporary workers.

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For sustainability of Japan's meat production, the meat production method which targets high marbling has possibility to reduce production costs because it should not depend on dense feed. In order to do that, establishing a market for non-high-marbling meat is important for promoting meat quality valuation without extent of marbling. The present research studied the case of the Company N, whose main sales item is artificially matured meat. Company N has developed this item as a strength, acquired by their long experience and investment. They produced its product line in consideration of consumer needs, developing it with real high demand. They based their production policy on the assumption of complete consumer use of the product line. By establishing a relationship of mutual trust together with both raw material producers connection and actual large demands, the company has structured a value chain based on their strengths, and became a core element of this chain for establishing a market for non-high-marbling meat.

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In this study, we discuss the function development of a large scale agricultural direct selling store dealing with various business entities, taking the case of an agricultural direct sales store operated by the Japan Agricultural Cooperative Association in Gifu. The research shows that this direct sales store has a 'comprehensive delivery function' for foods other than vegetables and fruits, a 'marketing sensation development function' for local producers, a 'local community revitalization function' for local communities, and an 'quantity adjustment function' for large quantities of agricultural products that have been shipped by turning out to other business entity. From this study, it was found that such large scale agricultural direct selling stores dealing not only with general consumers visiting the store itself, but also with various business entities, contributes greatly to the deepening and strengthening of regional distribution of agricultural products. Such sales and management methods will be of great use in considering future management strategies of agricultural products direct sales stores.

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Although the Kyushu Area is a major production center for cultured fish, it holds a minor portion of the fisheries export market of Japan. The leading export item for Kyushu is yellowtail, with nine-tenths of the total being exported to North America. Given this, it is necessary to promote exports to other countries in order to mitigate market risk. China is an alternative destination, because its income level per capita is rising and demand for highly valuable fish is increasing. However, due to high non-tariff barriers and complex procedures of export, Japanese fish exporters have not yet realized lucrative marketing avenues. This paper purposes to identify the problems with the procedures that the exporters have faced and to analyze how leading companies exporting to China have solved them. Among the required documents, the acquisition of the “Safety and Sanitary Certification (SSC)” is the most difficult to obtain, since the companies are required to shorten the lead time in the export of fresh fish. Strategies in promotion of export of fresh fish to China are to simplify the procedures of documentation and to expand fresh fish demand steadily.

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In this study, we examined efforts aimed at upgrading market functions implemented by nine fruit and vegetable wholesalers located in the Shonan area of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The results showed that an initiative aimed at enhancing the merchantability of collected goods through unification of sorting criteria was implemented as a means of strengthening the collecting function of the markets, and that this initiative included aspects associated with market brands. Sorting, packing, delivery, and other tasks related to divided delivery were performed as a means of strengthening market functions in connection with selling to high-volume retailers, which confirms strengthening of the distribution and processing functions of the markets. Three markets engaged in initiatives to establish market brands, and initiatives such as organization of shippers, unification of sorting criteria, and development and dissemination of logos had been implemented at these markets. This resulted in increased brand recognition, as evidenced by preferential use of market-brand vegetables at local restaurants. At two companies that updated market facilities, enhancement of freshness preservation, distribution, and processing functions as a result of new facilities was observed, despite market size contraction, and this contributed to market vitalization.

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Some Japanese food manufacturing enterprises choose to establish a production base in China in order to expand manufacturing and sales in China. This paper considers the problems surrounding the market development and cultivation of customers through training and product development in the case study of a Japanese seasoning production company. The case company produces sauces and vinegars in the Shandong province, while specialization in industrial products production has allowed the company to secure a large number of customers. In addition, the company established a training center as part of a collaboration effort and develops products with customers so as to meet the specific demands of the Chinese market. However, in the case company, problems have arisen with regard to slow production expansion and the difficulty of acquiring new customers.

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Transfer orchards to improve farm structure has some peculiar difficulties, which have meant that the structural change of fruit farming is behind that of paddy farming. Two difficulties in this regard are particularly important. One is that it is very awkward to estimate orchard rental fees because there are large differences among field conditions. Another is a repayment issue regarding beneficial expenses to fruit tree renewal. In Mikkabi, Shizuoka Prefecture, they have overcome these difficulties and succeeded in promoting orchard transfer by establishing the Farmland Bank to intervene in the lease market. The bank has proposed a rent system based on objective valuation of orchard field to facilitate farmland market, and a rent reduction and long term contracts, such as more than twenty years, to prevent trouble of beneficial expenses repayment. With this, land owners who have lost the capability to invest in fruit tree renewal can identify tenant farmers willing to pay a cost of planting trees.

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This research explicates Rice Whole Crop Silage (RWCS) Distribution in the phase of production expansion. The analysis target is RWCS made in Katori city, Chiba prefecture and the hearing investigation objects are the Katori Agriculture Promotion Council (the council) and farmhouses. In spite of balance of supply and demand in the city, the RWCS distribution between the different areas is both consistent and continued in Katori city. The production and the circulation of RWCS in Katori city is maintained, and excessive RWCS produced is sold in the suburbs. To expand the distribution area and with an adjustment of supply and demand of rice and RWCS, the council which suggested RWCS circulation was organized again promptly, and decisions about RWCS distribution were debated inside Katori city and outside. While stock raising farmers in the suburbs were viewed preferentially by the new distribution system, setting an RWCS circulation area promotes distribution between the different areas. On the other hand, this setting is the factor which prescribes the limit of the distribution area at the relaxation stage of supply and demand. The functions of the council were to determine the percentage of exclusive kind and increased. The value grew unexpectedly through matches in the city to reduce transaction costs in RWCS distribution. This value is also understood by a stock raising farmer in the suburbs and reflects brand image. That noted, there was a problem in relaxation of RWCS supply and demand in Katori city, and a change in the RWCS supply structure and a new agreement cost occurred in the surrounding area.

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After the Doi Moi policy (Vietnamese economic renovation program, initiated in 1986), Vietnamese rapid economic growth increased its national income. Therefore, Vietnamese consumers came to be interested in food safety. At almost the same time, Vietnamese agriculture producers came to want to produce safe vegetables for their own health and for environmental conservation. As the situation regarding this issue has not been examined other than for Hanoi City, this article examines the production and marketing of safe vegetables in a provincial city in Vietnam. The research found that, first of all, the trend for production of safe vegetables began in the local cities in Vietnam. Second, the spread of safe vegetables was realized by introduction of a Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS). And third, it is more difficult to design the marketing system for safe vegetables than making its production system.

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This paper identifies recent structural changes of the salmon processing business in the Sanriku region of Iwate prefecture. As catch of salmon continued to decline, this business has come to depend less and less on it. Processing plants faced stiff competition in purchasing raw materials in the form of landing sites after the Great East Japan Disaster of 2011. In terms of the salmon food system, the division of labor between primary treatment of raw materials and its value adding processing has changed rapidly.

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