Purpose
Osteoporosis is a progressive and debilitating metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and structural
deterioration leading to increased bone fragility. Carbonated hydroxyapatite cement can be a potential
biomaterial to be used as a drug carrier. We reported previously that sustainable release of simvastatin (SIM)
from poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) formulations could induce bone formation. The aim of this study was
to develop a SIM-loaded PLGA microspheres (SPMs)/self-setting carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAP) composite,
and investigate the effect of SIM released from that composite in comparison with a SIM/CHAP composite used
as a control.
Methods
SPMs were prepared by O/W emulsion technique. The self-setting CHAP cements were fabricated using the
cement powder consisted of tetraclcium phosphate (TTCP), dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) and NaHCO3.
The SIM release from SPMs, SIM/CHAP and SPMs/CHAP cement composite scaffolds in simulated body fluid
solution were determined by UV spectrometer. Cell proliferation was determined using WST-8 assay. SPMs,
SIM/CHAP and SPMs/CHAP cement composite scaffolds were put into 96 well plate. MC3T3-E1 cells were
seeded at 5.0 × 103 cells/well and cultured for 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks. In addition, alkaline phosphatase activity was
evaluated after 7, 14, 21 days culture.
Results
X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results showed most
parts of the cement bulk powder transformed into carbonated hydroxyapatite. The SPMs and SPMs/CHAP
were able to produce sustained release of SIM for 1 month, whereas the SIM/CHAP released SIM for 2 weeks.
The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the SPLGAMs/CHAP showed no significant difference in comparison
with the SIM/CHAP. However, the SPLGAMs/CHAP significantly increased alkaline phosphate activity, a differentiation
marker of MC3T3-E1 cells, compared with the SIM/CHAP.
Conclusion
This study showed that the SPLGAMs/CHAP could release SIM sustainably and induce proliferation and differentiation
of MC3T3-E1 more effectively than the SIM/CHAP.
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