This study is primarily concerned with the syntactic properties of thematic relations. I assume within a minimalist framework that the θ-features of a predicate and its argument are satisfied under the checking relation which under the standard assumptions derives a one-to-one correspondence between an argument and a θ-role. By refining the definition of the syntactic cycle, however, the domain of derivational c-command can be made loose enough to allow for a one-to-many relation between an argument and its θ-roles observable under restricted circumstances. At the same time, the resulting analysis is rigid enough to offer an account of asymmetric c-command relations between stacked adjuncts. The study is also concerned with supporting a top-down approach to structure building.
The purpose of this paper is to show that certain pronouns that are anaphoric on non-Agent subjects should be treated as phonologically realized traces, which are left within VP after subject raising. This idea is based on Hasegawa (2001), which we will support by focusing on the analysis of comparative VP ellipsis. More precisely, we will argue that such pronouns are interpreted as pure variables in the semantics because they are traces in syntactic structure.