ENGLISH LINGUISTICS

TWO MARKED TYPES OF DISCOURSE ANAPHORA IN ENGLISH

AN EXTENSION OF LEVINSON'S (2000) ACCOUNT

KOICHI NISHIDA

2005 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 271-298
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.22.271

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This article is concerned with the pragmatic conditions under which a given nominal expression can be used anaphorically. Levinson (2000) proposes to account for the conditions in terms of what he calls“the general anaphora pattern, ”but his account does not fully apply to lexical noun phrases in anaphoric use. Levinson's idea is extended into a model in which a given nominal may obtain anaphoric function through its role in the context. This model works with a pragmatic heuristic based on contextual part-whole relations. It is shown that the heuristic accommodates various types of lexical noun phrases used as anaphoric devices.

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SYMPOSIUM ON PROSODY AND SYNTAX

AN OVERVIEW

YOSHIHISA KITAGAWA

2005 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 299-301
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.22.299

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PROSODY, SYNTAX AND PRAGMATICS OF WH-QUESTIONS IN JAPANESE

YOSHIHISA KITAGAWA

2005 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 302-346
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.22.302

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It is well-known that the acceptability judgments reported on Subjacency and some related effects in Japanese are fuzzy, unstable and variable. I will attempt to demonstrate that we can bring back order to the chaos in this research area if we, first, pursue a syntactic analysis designed to simultaneously capture prosodic and semantic aspects of Wh-questions in Japanese, and second, appeal to extra-grammatical aspects such as pragmatics and processing to account for certain performance biases that hinder the straightforward reflection of grammar in language users' acceptability judgments on Subjacency examples. It is concluded that even the study of formal aspects of grammar must be conducted with much more careful attention to a larger context of language than is generally exercised.

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PROSODY-SCOPE MATCH AND MISMATCH IN TOKYO JAPANESE WH-QUESTIONS

SHINICHIRO ISHIHARA

2005 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 347-379
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.22.347

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It has been claimed that Tokyo Japanese wh-questions exhibit a prosody-scope correspondence between focus intonation, which is always observed in wh-questions, and scope of those wh-questions (Deguchi and Kitagawa (2002), Ishihara (2002)). Based on experimental data, it is shown that when the wh-phrase is moved out of the scope of the wh-question by scrambling, focus intonation and wh-scope no longer show a correspondence. It will be argued that the Multiple Spell-Out model proposed in Ishihara (2003), which accounts for the Focus Intonation-Wh-scope Correspondence phenomena, also accounts for this apparently exceptional mismatch case.

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PROSODY AND PHRASE STRUCTURE WITHOUT LABELS

HISAO TOKIZAKI

2005 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 380-405
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.22.380

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In an attempt to extend the minimalist program, Collins (2002) tries to eliminate syntactic labels from syntactic theory. However, labels have been used in many theories of the syntax-phonology interface. It is argued that these label-based theories have not only the conceptual problem of using labels but also empirical problems in three areas: (i) non-branching XPs, (ii) variable phrasing, and (iii) a variety of prosodic categories. These empirical problems also arise with Collins's label-free approach which uses multiple Spell-Out. An alternative theory of the PF interface is proposed which maps label-free phrase structure onto prosodic structure with boundaries.

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A NOTE ON THE MOVEMENT ANALYSIS OF CONTROL

ICHIRO HIRATA

2005 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 406-411
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.22.406

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Toward a Model of Principled Polysemy (A. Tyler and V. Evans, The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition)

MIKI M. HANAZAKI

2005 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 412-442
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.22.412

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Temporal Cognition and Activities by Situated Agents (P. Ludlow, Semantics, Tense and Time: An Essay in the Metaphysics of Natural Language)

KIYOSHI ISHIKAWA

2005 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 443-471
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.22.443

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Cultural and Cognitive Diversity and Frames of Reference (S. C. Levinson, Space in Language and Cognition: Explorations in Cognitive Diversity)

KUNIYOSHI KATAOKA

2005 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 472-507
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.22.472

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Underdeterminacy in Language (R. Carston, Thoughts and Utterances: The Pragmatics of Explicit Communication)

SEIJI UCHIDA

2005 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 508-533
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.22.508

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