ENGLISH LINGUISTICS

THE CATEGORIAL STATUS OF LIKE FROM A MORPHOLOGICAL VIEWPOINT

TAKAYASU NAMIKI

1988 Volume 5 Pages 1-18
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.1

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The aim of this paper is to argue that, contra Maling (1983) and Quirk et al. (1985), the English word like‘similar to, characteristic of’is an adjective rather than a preposition; specifically, that it is an adjective which is subcategorized for to NP in the lexicon, and that the to between like and NP is obligatorily incorporated into like at D-structure. Evidence for the adjectival status of like comes from derivational morphology, specifically, from un-prefixation, -ness suffixation, and -ed suffixation. Evidence for the presence of to in the subcategorization frame of like comes from inheritance of the subcategorization of the base and compound adjectives of the form N-like.

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Θ-ROLE ASSIGNMENT AUTONOMOUS FROM CASE ASSIGNMENT

MIYUKI NAGASAKI

1988 Volume 5 Pages 19-37
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.19

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Since Aoun 1979 noticed the parallelism between Case and θ-role, Chomsky 1981 and other grammarians have been attempting to reduce the Case Filter to the θ-criterion by imposing the Visibility Condition on θ-role assignment, whose essential effect is that a category is visible for θ-marking only if it is assigned Case. In this article, I will cast doubts on the Visibility Condition and claim that a more plausible version of the Visibility Condition should be that a category is visible for θ-marking only if it is [-V]″. This is tantamount to adopting Emonds' 1985 assumption that θ-role assignment is autonomous from Case assignment.

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NOTES ON ANTECEDENT-GOVERNMENT AND BLOCKING CATEGORIES

MAKOTO KONDO

1988 Volume 5 Pages 38-53
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.38

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In this article, I examine multiple wh-questions and adjunction structures derived by the Quantifier Raising. I argue that adjunction to a maximal projection creates another maximal projection and that government should be defined in terms of domination but not exclusion. I also claim that a blocking category should be defined in terms of V-marking; that is, the determination of a blocking category should be based on the relation between a head and its complement but not on L-marking. Then I analyze some properties of an antecedent-governor. These considerations have several theoretical implications with respect to VP-adjunction and a filter proposed in Chomsky and Lasnik 1977.

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AN ANALYSIS OF SMALL CLAUSES AND PERCEPTION VERB COMPLEMENTS

TORU SUZUKI

1988 Volume 5 Pages 54-70
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.54

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This paper presents an analysis of small clauses, which subsumes them under the general clausal structure of English. We propose that small clauses are projected by the INFL head in an analogous way to the other types of clausal projections with respect to X-bar theory. It is shown that small clauses allow any lexical phrasal categories AP, PP, NP, and VP as their internal predicates, while the other clauses only take VP predicate for principled reasons.
The analysis also gives a generalized account of some syntactic peculiarities of Perception Verb Complements, in particular, the anomalous behavior of bare infinitive complements in passivization.

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DEPICTIVE SECONDARY PREDICATES VERSUS CONDITIONAL SECONDARY PREDICATES

MASAKO TSUZUKI

1988 Volume 5 Pages 71-90
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.71

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Previous studies have noted that there are two kinds of secondary predicates in English: depictive predicates and conditional predicates. However, a systematic analysis of the two kinds of predicates has not yet been done, and their relationship has not been made clear. In this paper, we will examine syntactic and semantic properties of these predicates and point out peculiar properties of conditional predicates. We argue that in a generic context depictive predicates can be interpreted as conditional predicates and that under the non-instantaneous framework proposed by Kajita 1977, depictive predicates in a generic context develop into conditional predicates. It will be shown that the relationship between the two kinds of predicates and the unique properties of conditional predicates automatically follow from our analysis.

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ON CO-INDEXING RELATIONSHIP IN MONTAGUE GRAMMAR

HIROSHI YOSHIKAWA

1988 Volume 5 Pages 91-110
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.91

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The co-indexing relationship is argued from a syntactic point of view in Chomsky's theory, and many remarkable results are obtained in it. This paper proposes a semantic version of the co-indexing relationship, especially in the framework created by Richard Montague whose procedure is to directly interpret the surface structure.
By considering this relationship from a different point of view from Chomsky's, that is, from a semantic point of view, I have found out that the similarity is obtained between noun phrases without a genitive nominal and infinitive clauses with regard to co-indexing and that the other interesting results are also gotten.

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CROSS-FIELD GENERALIZATION: CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURES FOR STRIKE AND IMPRESS

SEIJI IWATA

1988 Volume 5 Pages 111-129
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.111

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In this article we analyze two psychological predicates, strike and impress, and posit their conceptual structures based on the theory of Conceptual Semantics advocated in Jackendoff 1983, 1987. We will first examine three types of strike in terms of three semantic criteria (verb type, semantic field, and EVENT/STATE) on the assumption that psychological strike is fundamentally the same as spatial strike. We will extend our analysis to impress, which has two types. All these types require their own distinct conceptual structures. Finally, we will show the necessity of these distinctions by critically examining the raising analysis of Chomsky 1981.

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EXPLORATION INTO MENTAL SPACES: WHERE DO LINGUISTIC EXPRESSIONS COME FROM?

AYAKO OMORI

1988 Volume 5 Pages 130-149
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.130

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This paper is an attempt to clarify the mental basis of linguistic expressions in terms of the notion of mental spaces. In this paper, I define mental spaces as constructs which the speaker has in his mind at the time of the utterance as the basis of the linguistic expression, and propose a new mental-space model which consists of three mental spaces: space R (speaker's reality relating to the subject of the expression), space S (the subject of the expression), and space I (speaker's interpretation of space S on the basis of space R). Specifically, expressions of indirect speech, metaphor, and irony are analyzed in terms of the new mental-space model.

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CONSTRAINTS ON PHONOLOGICAL COMPOUND FORMATION

HARUO KUBOZONO

1988 Volume 5 Pages 150-169
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.150

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This paper seeks to point out the striking similarities which English and (Tokyo) Japanese show concerning the linguistic conditions on the prosodic compound formation process (PCFP). Based on the results of an original study of Japanese compound nouns (cf. Kubozono 1987, 1988, forthcoming), three types of conditions-semantic, branching and rhythmic-are proposed as linguistic factors that commonly constrain the prosodic process in the two languages. This suggests that languages may show a considerable similarity at the abstract level of speech production despite the differences in the phonetic effects of prosodic processes per se. It also suggests that (at least) some conditions on rules and processes are to be defined in the general linguistic theory rather than in the grammar of a specific language.

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A CONSTRAINT ON HIGH VOWEL DELETION IN OLD ENGLISH

MASAO OKAZAKI

1988 Volume 5 Pages 170-190
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.170

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In this paper, we first point out common exceptions to previous generalizations on the phenomenon of Old English High Vowel Deletion, based mainly on the data in The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary and A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, and then demonstrate that the exceptions exhibit a certain generality which is most properly captured by a universal principle. In order to capture this generality, we propose what may be called the Principle of Markedness for Phonological Derivation, which prohibits a derivation producing a more marked peak in a syllable than that of the immediately preceding stage. Finally, we argue that the principle also works in Mordern German and that it is highly likely to be a linguistic universal.

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ON ANTECEDENT-CONTAINED DELETION

HIROSHI HASEGAWA

1988 Volume 5 Pages 191-196
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.191

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A NOTE ON NOT

RYUJIRO HAYASHI

1988 Volume 5 Pages 197-203
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.197

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ON THE FUNCTION OF ALLITERATION

YASUAKI FUJIWARA

1988 Volume 5 Pages 204-225
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.204

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In this article we will examine theoretical problems involved in current metrical frameworks for Germanic poetry, and demonstrate that alliteration performs two significant functions of dividing a sequence of words into two verses or lines and forming a trochaic metrical pattern within these units. We will also claim that the half-line structure and the trochaic pattern common to Germanic poetry are precise reflections of a demarcational function of fixed stress and a predominant stress pattern of Germanic words.

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OLD GERMANIC METRICS IN THE LIGHT OF INDO-EUROPEAN METRICS AND ACCENT TYPOLOGY

SEIICHI SUZUKI

1988 Volume 5 Pages 226-244
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.226

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The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, the origin and development of the structure of the normal line in Germanic alliterative verse is examined in the context of Indo-European metrics (section 1). Second, a set of fundamental metrical properties (including the place and pattern of alliteration) of Germanic verse is explained as reflexes of Indo-European metrical features (section 2). Third, the phonological basis of Germanic metrics as against Old Irish metrics is explored in terms of accent typology (section 3).

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COMMENTS ON FUJIWARA'S AND SUZUKI'S PAPERS

NORIO YAMADA

1988 Volume 5 Pages 245-248
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.245

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DERIVING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ENGLISH AND JAPANESE: A CASE STUDY IN PARAMETRIC SYNTAX

NAOKI FUKUI

1988 Volume 5 Pages 249-270
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.249

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This paper explores a way of deducing the set of major typological differences between English and Japanese including the existence of obligatory syntactic wh movement, of the so-called‘multiple subject’structures in clauses and noun phrases, of the‘scrambling’phenomena, etc. It is argued that, given the relativized X-bar theory proposed in Fukui 1986, it is possible to derive many of the differences from a single fundamental difference between the two languages, i.e. the presence of agreement-inducing ‘functional’categories in the core lexicon of English and the lack of such elements in the core lexicon of Japanese. Implications of this result for the general theory of parameters in linguistic theory are also discussed.

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ON EXCEPTIONAL CASE-MARKING IN JAPANESE AND ENGLISH

YOSHIAKI KANEKO

1988 Volume 5 Pages 271-289
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.271

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The main issue of the present paper is whether the‘Raising-to-Object’phenomenon in Japanese can be accounted for without postulating the process of Raising-to-Object. I will reject the Raising-to-Object analysis and propose the CP-ECM analysis, a variant of the Exceptional Case-Marking analysis proposed originally for the‘Raising-to-Object’phenomenon in English. I will also discuss what kind of parameters are relevant to some of the differences in Japanese and English with respect to Exceptional Case-Marking processes.

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COMMENTS ON KANEKO'S AND FUKUI'S PAPERS

MASARU NAKAMURA

1988 Volume 5 Pages 290-294
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.290

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Incorporation: A theory of grammatical function changing. By MARK C. BAKER. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1988. Pp. viii, 543

TARO KAGEYAMA

1988 Volume 5 Pages 295-312
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.295

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On the definition of word. By ANNA-MARIA DI SCIULLO and EDWIN WILLIAMS. (Linguistic inquiry monographs, 14.) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987. Pp. vii, 118.

MASAYUKI IKE-UCHI

1988 Volume 5 Pages 313-328
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.313

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Syntax and semantics, vol. 20: Discontinuous constituency. Edited by GEOFFREY J. HUCK and ALMERINDO E. OJEDA. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1987. Pp. xi, 451.

KUNIHIRO IWAKURA

1988 Volume 5 Pages 329-346
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.329

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The English imperative. By EIRLYS DAVIES. (Croom Helm linguistic series.) London: Croom Helm, 1986. Pp. xii, 275

HIROZO NAKANO

1988 Volume 5 Pages 347-360
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.347

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The auxiliary do in eighteenth-century English: A sociohistorical-linguistic approach. By INGRID TIEKEN-BOON VAN OSTADE. (Geschiedenis van de taalkunde.) Dordrecht: Foris, 1987. Pp. x, 257

OSAMU KOMA

1988 Volume 5 Pages 361-368
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.5.361

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