This research group's application of P2M in 2020 focused on how to design whole classes for group work exercises. This time, The scope of application of P2M was extended to three issues: (1) learners' organizational management methods, (2) educational organization management methods. (3) individual learners' grading methods. Using each of the six creative integration management methods included in each phase of the 3S model (scheme, system, and service), the research aimed to design, develop, implement, and evaluate new methods. By analyzing learner performance and questionnaires, we were able to prove that learner performance improved for all of the team/group/individual work exercises.

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In practical education at universities where active learning is required, crowdfunding can be used as a very practical means for learning marketing using the Internet for university students who hope to be involved in product planning in the future. Crowdfunding should be implemented by organically combining various projects until it succeeds, and it is appropriate to learn it as a program that conducts activities to achieve the goal as a whole. However, there are many difficulties in operating the program, as there is a risk that almost no support can be obtained under the condition that program contracts cannot be concluded with students. In this paper, we created a program model based on the philosophy and method of P2M in order to practice the acquisition of marketing skills through crowdfunding as part of university learning through program-based active learning. Furthermore, by introducing a rubric evaluation that incorporates both aspects of marketing and project execution ability as an evaluation index, it is proposed to visualize the student's achievement level and contribute to future ability improvement.

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We propose a methodology to increase the effectiveness of program implementation in an environment of increasing uncertainty. More specifically, we revise our understanding of the 3S model based on its spiral structure, and show the effectiveness of the sensemaking process in that context. By combining the sensemaking concept in organizing theory with the spiral framework of organizational knowledge creation, we explore the sensemaking process in interactive organizational development, which enables extension of the ontological dimension from individual to group to organization to inter-organization. Furthermore, we were able to confirm, based on a case which actually occurred at a company, the process whereby organizational development is realized from small fluctuations. However, the limitations of qualitative research methodology have not been fully overcome, and there is a need for deeper research through comparative verification of interactive organizational development and diagnostic organizational development, and studies incorporating the diversity of interactive organizational development.

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Against the backdrop of the VUCA era, the demand for DX by companies is expected to further accelerate. Software development to achieve business agility, one of the objectives of DX, is increasingly being developed while simultaneously repeating multiple software developments in a short cycle. Similar demands are increasing in the specific tasks covered by the ”RPA Development Framework for DX,” which we proposed in our ”Application of P2M Theory to RPA Projects for DX” in 2021. The proposed framework supports single agile development but has been extended to support multiple agile development based on the requirements of specific business development. Its distinctive feature is that the program management theory of P2M was applied to solve the problem of interlocking the rhythm gap between development projects, which has become an issue in multi-agile development, and will be described as a program management case study of agile software development for DX..

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For sustainable development, corporate-led social innovation would be required. Projects & programs are essential for successful innovation, then it is especially critical that both building consensus in scheme model projects, and setting goals and evaluation criteria for system model projects, in P2M theory. In the computer virtual experiment environment to promote studies related to them, it would be essential to build business environment simulators that represent various business environment. In this paper, as one-step of building a business environment simulator, we propose a method to build a simulatable As-Is business model as a starting point of transformation, based on the financial statements of the subject company.

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In a global company, it takes time for the regional headquarters to compile monthly information on overseas subsidiaries because of the different cost and sales situations in each country. The longer it takes to report the previous month's information, the slower it takes for the headquarters to make global decisions and issue appropriate instructions to each company. Using the fish born chart, four problems were identified: subsidiaries take time to enter data, the regional headquarters take time to compile data, the the regional headquarters take time to scrutinize the figures, and the format of the reporting materials is difficult to understand. To solve this problem, we applied the 3S model of P2M and executed the program, which reduced the speed of decision making by the top management team by approximately 8 business days. In addition, based on the use of data visualization used in this case study, we discussed the use of data visualization that contributes to the scheme model and service model of the 3S model.

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In today's expanding digital economy, agile development holds promise in that it is suitable for quick responses to change and for situations of uncertainty, such as not knowing what the right answer is. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the mechanism by which the characteristics of agile development produce these advantages. Specifically, the authors argue that the feature of subdividing development units in agile development improves investment expectations. We also discussed that this segmentation is a mechanism that reduces investment uncertainty in software development and explained by applying the abandon option of the real option theory.

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This research investigated the tendencies of first-year social science students' awareness of entrepreneurship in relation to the components of independence, which are essential skills for human resources who manage business conception, implementation, and management. As a result, found out that among the components of independence, “Imagination” is strongly associated to “Entrepreneurial motivation'', “Self-awareness'' and “Free-will'' are loosely associated with both “Entrepreneurial motivation'' and “Fear of failure”. Based on these, commentary on entrepreneurship through case studies of social and public interest businesses applying P2M theory, practice of career planning using both Logic model and SWOT analysis, commentary on startup management through guest speeches from graduate practitioners was proposed as a concrete educational strategy. In the future, we are slated to a follow-up survey will be conducted on human resources who have started a business and realized their long-term vision, and that their learning attitudes, processes, and training methods will be refined.

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While CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) has been considered an element of business activities, such as social contribution activities in addition to compliance and environmental management, CSV (Creating Shared Value) relates to business activities themselves and aims to create shared value in terms of management strategy. In this study, programs are defined as comprehensive activities of private subsidy-providing organizations that have been proactively engaged in social contribution activities, and analyzes the long-term process of establishing business value and competitiveness through the realization of social value as “the way it should be. Specifically, we conducted a P2M “profiling management” and “value indicator management” design, and through a questionnaire survey of grantees, etc., conducted an analysis focusing on the creation of “commons,” which are common values, and discussed them. We clarified approaches in four Satoyama typologies that lead to the creation of diverse commons. It was concluded that P2M is effective in creating multi-layered values in the environmental domain with a focus on Satoyama, and contributes to sustainability in local communities and society.

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The realization of a sustainable society through the solution of social issues is a pressing issue in today's society, and at the same time, it is an important theme to strike a balance between economic development rather than being in conflict with it. In this paper, as part of the discussion on extending P2M theory, we will discuss new methodologies to increase the contribution of P2M in promoting DX, which is a driver of change to create a sustainable society through the achievement of the SDGs and Society 5.0, a new human-centered society with advanced digitalization, and to balance social issue resolution and economic development. In the promotion of DX, which is a driver of change that will create a human-centered society, Society 5.0, that solves social issues and promotes economic development. Specifically, I will propose a framework for program management that supports interdisciplinary cooperation and agile, which are important keywords in DX promotion.

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The purpose of this study is to develop an engineering approach for service providers to ensure quick business adaptability and responsiveness to the external environment in order to improve their marketability. We identify the following management functions that service providers should consider: functions for balancing the value of multiple stakeholders, for accelerating market understanding, and for growing the business team. We propose a method of designing value structures, exploring needs, and accumulating business knowledge to realize these functions. We find that the proposed method is effective for business teams to accelerate market understanding and value creation by using case study.

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