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Masato Tanaka
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
603-608
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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The heating equipment which are widely used in the industrial world consume a tremendous amount of electric power. For this reason a limit that is lower than the equipment's actual capacity is often set on power consumption in order to suit the company's power supply and equipment situation. This inevitably affects the equipment's heating performance. We have therefore developed a total power control technology which prevents the overall power consumption of a system of several PID temperature controllers from exceeding a preset limit, while at the same time maintaining a high level of tracking performance so that the temperature stays close to the set point.
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Shozo Ishibashi
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
609-616
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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The introduction of the method to calculate PID control parameters suitable for the controlling response that operators expect. Specifically, I calculate the most suitable parameter from the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method using a sensory evaluation and the experimental design using the orthogonal design.
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Takashi Nakakuki
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
617-624
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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In this study, we propose an application methodology of the Nyquist criterion for biochemical reaction systems with the biological negative feedback loops. The molecular robot or a real biochemical reaction system such as an intracellular signal transduction system utilizes negative feedback regulation to enhance the stability and robustness. However, since such a system tends to be a high dimensional, nonlinear, and complex system with multiple feedback loops, it is troublesome to quantitatively evaluate the stability property of the whole system in terms of a particular feedback loop. We show that by modifying the system gain the Nyquist criterion can be appreciable for this problem, and as a result the stability margin can be calculated.
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Yoshihiro Matsui, Hideki Ayano, Shiro Masuda, Kazushi Nakano
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
625-632
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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This paper proposes a controller design method for Hammerstein model which is a dynamical linear system with static input nonlinearity. The method requires only one-shot closed-loop reference response data for controller design. The estimation of the plant model and the validation of the linear part of the plant using the data are performed in time and frequency domains, respectively. Since the method estimates the plant model and the plant is linearized by a nonlinear compensator, the controller for the linearized plant can be designed in consideration of the trade-off between the closed-loop bandwidth and the stability margin by a model-based approach. The effectiveness of the method is numerically evaluated.
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Yusuke Hirama, Hiroto Hamane, Kazuyoshi Miyazaki
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
633-641
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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Temperature controlled systems are widely used in the industrial field. Energy consumption of the temperature controlled system is especially larger than the other industrial machines. This paper presents a peak power suppression control for the temperature controlled system. Smaller power can be shared effectively among the temperature controlled systems by the proposed method. For industrial implementation, adjusting a priority of channel is simple because variable for the priority is only one parameter. In addition, the settling time control method based on the peak power suppression control is presented. Simulation result of temperature controlled system shows that the proposed method can solve the energy consumption problem.
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Hirotaka Miyamoto, Tomoki Tanaka, Hiroshi Okajima, Nobutomo Matsunaga
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
642-649
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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Recently, welfare vehicles are widely used by patients and elders. Many welfare vehicles are restricted to drive indoor or on a flat road. The vehicle with free casters can not be driven well when the road surface is rolling outdoors. To design compact welfare vehicles for outdoor use at low cost, the skid steer mechanism is focused on. The skid steer vehicle (SSV) is well known for its high traveling ability on an off-road. However, the SSV has disadvantage that the maneuvering assistance is required because its steering is highly affected by road condition. This study aims a steering assistance of SSV for patients and elders by using Model Error Compensator (MEC) that suppresses the modeling error by traditional PID control. The proposed controller consists of MEC and Extended Kalman Filter to reduce the sensor and the system noise assuming the undulating and skiddy roads. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is verified by the driving simulation considering the drivers weight and the road conditions.
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Shogo Shinoda, Kazuhiro Yubai, Daisuke Yashiro, Junji Hirai
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
650-658
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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A model-based controller design method is widely used in the industrial field. However, in this method, a modeling error deteriorates the control performance. This paper proposes a multivariable controller design method using only frequency response data sets. This method omits the time-consuming model identification and designs a controller directly from raw data sets of the controlled plant. The proposed method provides the parameters of a PID controller using convex optimization subject to stability constrains. The optimization problem is formulated in terms of the diagonal dominance of the system. The designed controller suppresses an interaction and achieves high gain of the system in the case of highly diagonal dominance. The stability of MIMO systems can be evaluated by eigenvalue loci without overestimation of eigenvalue loci. The formulated optimization problem involving nonconvex functions and/or constraints is solved using concave-convex procedure that solves a problem written as a difference between two convex functions. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with the conventional method.
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Takao Akiyama, Yoshimasa Sawada, Toru Yamamoto
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
659-667
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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An engine bench is utilized to perform durability test, performance test and other tests of a vehicle engine. Mechanical system of the engine bench consists of tested engine with clutch, dynamometer for absorbing engine power and coupling shaft to connect the engine and the dynamometer. As the stiffness of the clutch varies widely, it is necessary that the shaft torque control of the engine bench becomes stable for the variation of the stiffness of the clutch. In addition, an inertia compensation control of the coupling shaft is necessary for the engine load torque control. The conventional inertia compensation control method of the coupling shaft needs the pseudo-differential of the angular velocity of the dynamometer. In this paper, a stability analysis of the shaft torque control method that we proposed earlier is implemented. and we propose the inertia compensation control method of the coupling shaft that does not need the pseudo-differential of the angular velocity of the dynamometer.
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Taro Takagi, Ikuro Mizumoto
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
668-675
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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This paper deals with a design problem of adaptive PID control with adaptive Neural Network (NN) feedforward control input for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) discrete-time systems with a parallel feedforward compensator (PFC). Under the ASPR condition, which is satisfied by PFC, the stability of the designed adaptive PID control system is analyzed. The effectiveness of the adaptive PID control method will be confirmed through numerical simulations for a discrete-time system.
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Akihiro Ishimura, Masayoshi Nakamoto, Takuya Kinoshita, Toru Yamamoto
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
676-682
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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PID control schemes have been widely used in most process control systems for a long time. The Chien, Hrones, and Reswick (CHR) tuning method is well known as one of typical schemes for adjustment of PID parameters. However, undesirable overshoot can occur when using the CHR method, and then the settling time may be prolonged. In this paper, the relationship of PID parameters and a first-order system with a dead time is discussed. A new scheme for adjustment of reference tracking PID parameters for a first-order system with a dead time is proposed, whose settling time is shorter than that of the CHR method. Based on the proposed scheme, PID parameters can be easily obtained from system parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed method is experimentally evaluated by not only computer simulation but also experimental results of a temperature control system.
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Shin Wakitani, Mingcong Deng
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
683-689
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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This paper proposes a new offline learning algorithm for a data-driven proportional-integral-derivative (DD-PID) controller based on an extended fictitious reference iterative tuning (E-FRIT). PID controllers have been used in many process systems. However, it is difficult to maintain a good control performance using PID controllers with fixed control parameters because of the nonlinearity of the systems. The DD-PID controller has been proposed as an effective control system for nonlinear systems. This controller can tune its PID parameters adaptively at each equilibrium point of the system output. In the conventional DD-PID controller, the PID parameters are learned so as to minimize a criterion of the FRIT method. However, the FRIT method is based on minimization of the error in system output, and therefore, the criterion is insufficient for systems, such as chemical process systems, for which the stability of a closed loop system is essential. In order to solve this problem, the E-FRIT method has been proposed; a penalty for input variation is incorporated in the criterion for this method. In the present study, an offline learning rule of PID parameters was derived based on the E-FRIT criterion. According to the rule, the PID parameters that are taken into stability can be calculated. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated by simulations of a polystyrene reactor system. The simulation confirmed that the proposed DD-PID controller yields better control result than the conventional learning method.
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Fukiko Kawai
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
690-696
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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This paper presents a PID based control with low-order Disturbance Feedback Control (DFC). DFC is a technique to improve the existing control systems with an extra feedback which attenuates disturbances and model errors. This work analyzes Robust Performance (RP), which is the measurement of the robustness and performance of the DFC. A simple grid-based search algorithm is proposed to design disturbance feedback such that DFC can achieve RP for the control system with model uncertainties. Numerical examples show that better performance can be achieved with DFC in comparison with an existing PI controller.
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Yoshihiro Ohnishi, Toru Yamamoto
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
697-702
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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This paper proposes the switching control method based on the controller gain which is relevant to the control performance. The objective of the proposed method is to choose the best control performance of all candidate controllers. The switching mechanism is based on the controller gain which is calculated by all candidate controllers. The accepted controller has the best estimated performance of all controllers. Finally, numerical evaluations demonstrate the practicality and utility of this idea.
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Takuya Kinoshita, Toru Yamamoto
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
703-709
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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In process industries, PID control has been applied to controlled objects such as chemical plants. A cascade control system is applied in order to improve control performance by using several feedback loops. However, it is complicated to design a cascade control system because this control system includes several controllers. In this paper, a design scheme of data-oriented cascade control system without using system models is proposed. According to the proposed scheme, PID gains of several controllers can be derived by using only closed-loop data. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by using a simulation example.
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Hien Thi Nguyen, Osamu Kaneko
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
710-714
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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This paper presents an algorithm that directly uses the experimental data to determine the optimal parameters of PI controllers in the DC motor speed control system which is driven by cascade control. By using fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT), which is one of the controller parameter tuning that enables us to obtain the ideal parameter with only one-shot experiment, this paper constructs a fictitious reference signal for the cascade control systems such that we can simultaneously tune the PI controller parameters for better performance. The proposed algorithm does not require any parameters of the DC motor but only one-shot experimental data collected from the closed-loop system. To show the validity of the proposed result, we give an experimental example on DC motor speed control.
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Shiro Masuda, Xianda Kong, Koki Udagawa, Yoshihiro Matsui
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
715-721
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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The paper gives a controller tuning method using a Virtual Feedback Tuning (VRFT) approach in frequency domain. While the original VRFT uses a data-driven performance index based on input/output data directly, the proposed one derives a frequency domain performance index based on the Fourier transformation of one-shot experimental input-output data. The frequency domain performance index enables the optimal pre-filter to be straightforwardly designed without using the spectral density of the collected input signal. Hence, the proposed one outperforms the original one when the input and output data are collected from the closed loop step response. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through a numerical example.
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Kazuo Kawada, Toru Yamamoto
2016 Volume 136 Issue 5 Pages
722-727
Published: May 01, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2016
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In this paper, a new system identification method is proposed using a real-coded genetic algorithm(GA), which the operating data, that is, closed-loop data, is utilized. Not only system parameters but also control parameters are estimated using the real-coded GA. Then, since control parameters are known, the reliability of estimates is evaluated in comparison of the estimates with true control parameters. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, it is employed for the sway control of crane system.
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