The Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

What are the non-arcing metals

H. MAGI, H. OYAMA

1923 Volume 43 Issue 422-423 Pages 809-819
Published: 1923
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11526/ieejjournal1888.43.809

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In 1892, Mr. A. J. Wurtz published his discovery of non-arcing metals. It is now intended to ascertain whether non-arcing metals really exist, and if so what the true nature of this quality is.
Messrs. M. Nakajima and K. Nakajima made the studies, in the Tohoku Imperial University, of D. C. characteristics and A. C. Volt-Ampere characteristics of various metal ares placed in air or in coal gas atmosphere. Cu and Zn were taken as the representative ones of arcing and non-arcing metals. They ascertained that, for small currents there are certain differences in qualities between Cu-arcs and Zn-arcs. For larger currents, however, the difference as to their non-arcing property was rather hard to recognize. The non-arcing metals such as were discovered by Mr. Wurtz are very likely not the metals for which the arc is difficult to start, on the contrary, they are the metals which can maintain the arc with ease and stability.
The writers made the oscillographic study of instantaneous phenomena, and found out the existence of two distinctly different phases of discharge between copper electrodes.
All of the above mentioned studies are still inadequate to give clear explanation of the non-arcing quality of metals. It is stated that the problem now needs to be attacked from some other directions, and several factors are enumerated which seem to have connections with this special quality of certain metals.

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On the Weight Efficiency of the Secondary Battery

SAKAE MAKIO

1923 Volume 43 Issue 422-423 Pages 820-829
Published: 1923
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11526/ieejjournal1888.43.820

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The storage batteries as they are produced at present, have developed to such a state that they can now be used for almost all kinds of works-for farm purposes, for truck and pleasure cars, for submarine boats. for communications and even for aero-craft.
The field of application of the storage batteries having been extended to such a point, there ought to be introduced some more standarigations to be added in determining its adaptability to a particular purpose for which it is intended.
Formerly the auther, at this Electrotechnical Laboratory, adopted a new standarigation which should be called the weight efficiency:- the weight efficiency at a particular hour rate is the ratio of Kilo-grams weight including electrolyte to Kilowatt hours output at that particular discharge rate. In this paper the anther treats the same problem and explains from what point of view he has adopted the new strandarigation. And he further discusses how he arrived at the conclusion, showing vaious data of his experiments.
A number of the weight efficiency- Capacity curve for batteries for electric vehicle and the stationary purposes are given in Fig. 1. and Fig. 2. From these curves the auther has adopted the weight efficiency standarigation as follows:-
*50(Kg./K.W.H)……for portable batteries, mainly for electric cars.
*100(Kg./K.W.H)……for stationary batteries.
*Remark:- The weight efficiency, in its original sense of the definition, should be expressed in Kg. per K. W. H., but may simply be expressed by its numeric value.

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On the Time-lag of Voltage Building-up of Self-excited D. C. Generato

YASUSI WATANABE

1923 Volume 43 Issue 422-423 Pages 830-840
Published: 1923
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11526/ieejjournal1888.43.830

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The anther treats of the build-up phenomenon of voltage of a self-excited D. C. generator.
A. simple formula is dedtiued which represents the relation of the time required by the generator to build up to the electrical constants of the field circuit, residual magnetism and the saturation effect.
The time-lag increases with the resistance of the field circuit up to a certain point, beyond which the lag again decreases.
Some remarks are given of the theoretical studies of the problem, comparing them with experimental facts.
It is experimentally ascertained that, with low residual magnetization, the time-lag is much larger than that theoretically estimated.
This discrepancy seems to be due to the creeping phenomenon of the current. The E. M. F. that causes the increase of the current is to be determined by the difference between the ordinates of the saturation curve and a straight line representing the voltage drop in the resistance of the field circuit. Since the saturation curve has virtually a point of inflexion, this E. M. F. may become pretty small at a certain stage of excitation, and hence the rate of increase of the current may become very slow, entailing a considerable time-lag.
This report includes the following topics:-
I. Introduction.
II. Mathematical investigation.
III. Time-lag of building-up and the curves obtained by caiculations.
IV. Experiments and discussions.
V. Conclusion.

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