Variation of temperature of earth's surface and part close to its surfacewhere it is approximately 10 meters deep in earth, there will be no thermal effect of sun light-temperature of deep wells-in ordinary territory, earth temperatures will rise one degree Centigrade for increase of depth of every 30 meters approximately-thermal energy of Magma-utilization of subterrinian natural steam-some notes on selection of tapping spot for gathering natural steam-it is best to look after weakness of earth crust, such as foot of parasitic cone, barranco, decayed erruption openings or fumarole, dislocation, creek, etc., in volcanic region whose elevation is not higher than approximately 1, 000 meters above sea level-line of weakness of Mt. Fuji-effect of subterranian water-relationship of fumarole and hot springs-cooperative enterprise of hygenic hot spring water both and geothermal electric generating plant-segregation of mineral matters contained in natural steam-practical utility of geothermal electric generating plant-some examples of utilization of natural steam, other than motive power for electrical generation.

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This paper is the report of the experimental study on the natural electrical oscillations of the conical coil.
Table (I) shows the constants of four conical coils under experiment, Table (II) the fundamental natural oscillation wave-lengths (λ₁ λ₁^' λ₁^") and the equivalent self-capacity (c₁ c₁^' c₁^") as well as the wave-length factor (λ₁/2l, λ₁^'/4l, λ₁^"/4l) and the capacity f ctor (c₁/r, c₁^'/r, c₁^"/r, ) when both ends of the coil are free and when one end is earthed. Curve (1) shows the variation of the wave-length fac or and the capacity factor with the mean dimension ratio h/2r, in comparison with solenoidal coils of uniform diameter.
Table (III) shows the higher natural wave-lengths of the coil, Table (IV) the ratio of the fundamentalwavelength λ₁ to the higher natural wavelength λ_m, Curves (2) and (3), the relations between the ratio λ₁/λ_m and m, Curve (4) the var ation of the mean inclinations α and α' of Curves (2) and (3) with the dimension ratio, assuming these curves were straight lines. Curves (5), (6), (7) show the istribution of node and loop of the patential standing wave along the axial length of the coil.
This paper contains the following items;
Chapter (I) Introduction.
Chapter (II) Fundamental natural electrical oscillation.
Chapter (III) Higher natural oscillations.
Chapter (IV) Wave form of the potential standing wave.

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In the present paper the author descrives the experimental results of spark lag of various kinds of electrodes, viz. sphere electrodes, needle electrodes, needle-sphere, needle-plate, horn electrodes, and surface creepage, etc. The method used in the present paper is published in the previous paper. (Nov. 1927, The Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.)
According to the experimental results, the spark lag of sphere electrodes is small and that of needle electrodes and surface creepage is larger than the former. If the electrodes are illuminated by ultra-violet ray, the time lag of sphere gap, needle gap and surface creepage decreases.
The series resistance or self inductance in sphere electrodes gives very complex phenomena during sparking. In this case it seems the voltage between electrodes does not decrease as an ordinary case during sparking.
As this method of measurement of time lag has following sources of error, so it is not good for an absolute measurement of me lag, but the operation and connection are rather simple so that we can recomend it as an apparatus for comparative study of various spark gaps. source of error
1. Wave front of impulse voltage……In oudinary case it is not rectangular.
2. The time lag of Braun tube itself.

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The paper describes the results of experiments made on the directional property of horizontal antennas with special reference to the high angle radiation of horizontally polarized short waves.
In our experiments, short waves of 260 cms. in length were emcloyed, and the sending antenna of nearly a half-wave in length was placed horizontally above the ground. (see Fig. 18) The receiving antenna forming a Hertz's resonator was also supported horizontally and made to move up and down along a vertical line by means of a pulley device as shown in Figure 19. The field intensity .due to the horizontal antenna was measured in various angular directions above the ground level by placing the receiver at various heights.
The observed polar diagrams show that the radiation from the horizontal antenna is generally directed in certain high angular directions and is very small along the earth surface. (see Fig. 3) If the height h of the antenna is made equal to λ/8 or λ/4 λ representsthe wave-length, maximum radiation will occur just in vertical upward direction, whereas if its height is equal to 3/8λ or λ/2, the radiation will be maximum in the direction making the angle about 45°or 30° with the horizontal line respectively. Now if the height h is more increased so as to equal to 5/8λ, 3/4λ, two maxima of radiation will exist: one is at vertical upwards, and the other is at about 25°, 20° respectively. Furthermore, if h is equal to 7/8λ or λ, there will be also two maxima of radiation at about 60°, 15° or 50°, 13°respectively. These are illustrated by the polar diagrams in Figure 3.
Now if several wave directors are arranged in front of the radiating antenna along an inclined line making a certain angle with the horizontal, the radiatedd energy along this line will become much augmented due to the existence of wave directors, but the direction of maximum radiation will not strictly ecincide the line of directors but somewhat higher angle than this line. (see Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Fig. 10) And the sharpness of the beam can be much improved by increasing the number of wave directors.

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The influence of fluctuating load in the economy of steam and water power systems is discussed. Special regard is taken to the question of amortization and interests of installed capital at covering peak loads i. e. at short running time per year. Installation costs of water power systems are about 4 times higher than at steam power. Therefore at short running time per year steam power is much cheaper than water power inspite of fuel consumption. Water power thus must be used for base load, steam power for peak load.
At covering peak however the price of steam power is still high when regard is taken to amortization and interest of installed capital. The Ruths steam accumulator (variable pressure type) reduces the installation costs of a peakload steam power plant considerably. Thus financial condition of peak power production is much improved by the Ruths steam accumulator.
The big storage capacity of the Ruths accumulator means a high momentary reserve. It eliminates all sudden load and changes peak loads in the boiler house. It replaces not only installation but also working of peak-loal boilers and requires no attendance nor maintenance at all. Thus all working conditions at a steam power plant are considerably simplified and securty of power supply is much improved.
In some cases another Ruths aceumulator system (constant pressure type) may be used. This system however iufluenc's only the fuel economy of the plant. The possibility of covering peake and equalizing fluctuations is rather small.

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Atmospheric disturbances have been observed monthly at the Shuang-Chiao Radio Station for one complete year. Here are described the measuring apparata, the method of measurements, and the results of observations. Conclusions obtained are as follows:
a) It is believed that the wave-length of atmospherics is generally longer than that of long wave for transoceanic communications.
b) Generally, atmospherics are stronger during night than during daytime. In summer season, however, atmospheric centres are caused in the vicinity of this district and they frequently become stronger in the afternoon than at night.
c) The quantity and strength of atmospherics are not coexistent all the time; sometimes stronger clicks come from a direction of smaller quantity.
d) Directions of atmospheri s vary not only according to seasons but also according to hours, and they have a close connection to the position of the sun.
e) Directions of atmospherics become uncertain in summer season, but they point to south (or south-east) in other seasons. During winter nights, however, comparatively strong grinders come often from western or southwestern direction.
f) Monthly averages of di ections have a tendency to move from south to west according to the rise of temperature, but the average directions in winter season incline to south-west.
g) If a unidirectional antenna system is used at this station, about 40% reduction of atmospherics is attained for receiving Bolinas Station, and 30% for receiving European Stations.

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This paper contains the following three topics:
1. Acoustic tube suspending fibrous matters.
2. Acoustic rubber tube.
3. Acoustic wave filter.
1. Acoustic tube suspending fibrous matters:- Much work has been done on hair felt and also on some other materials of similar nature from the foint of view of sound absorbers, but there have been scarecely found the experiments which could determine the mechanism of propagation of sound in them. It is due to the fact that these substances possess very small acoustic impedances which are extremely difficult to measure. The author has made an experiment on the acoustic constants of hair felt by means of measuring acoustic impedance by a direct method called the "stationary wave method". In this section, the theory of the method and the arrangements of experiments are described in detail and the experimental results are given.
2. Acoustic rubber tube:- Acoustic impedances of a rubber tube were measured in two ways, that is, by the vibrometer method and by the "Stationary wave method." Both are described together, in order to compare them each other and to show that the vibrometer also gives satisfactory results for the measurement of small acoustic impedances when it is used in connetion, with an idealized acoustic transformer of high ratio of transformation and high primary stiffness. From the experimental results, it is pointed out that.
(a) the air column bounded by such a wall offers a considerable increase in attenuation and change in velocity of propagation at the important band of audio frequency; and
(b) the effect of the wall can be considered simply as such that the wall affects the vibration of the air column by adding only a certain linear admittance, which is similar to the admittance of an electric circuit in which a resistance, self-inductance and capacity are connected in series. This fact suggests us that the wall can be considered as a train of elementary rings which are able to vibrate independently respect to the others, and this is ascertained by good coincidence of the values both obtained by the measurement of acoustic impedances and by the computation using the material constants of the wall measured by means of a statical method.
3. Acoustic wave filters:- On the acoustic wave filters, much work has been done by G. W. Stewart and others. But the relations between the dimensions of filter, and image impedance and cut-off frequencies, which are of the utmost importance for the purpose of design, have not been manifested, while the electrical wave filters have been studied much more in detail. The acoustic wave filters can be constructed in consideration of the given image impedance and cut-off frequencies in the same way as the electrical wave filters as long as the equivalency is held between them. If, however, they were constructed with a tube system, as in the ordinary manner, a certain criterion, besides the image impedance and cut-off frequencies, must be introduced in order to determine the dimensions of them. It is proposed, here, as this criterion that the change of distribution of constants in the tube system due to change of cross section must be kept to an extremely small amount in a wide range of frequencies. Some details and experimental results are given for a 1400 cycle low-pass filter, as an example, designed from this point of view.

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