At present the electric supply undertakings have become to constitute one of the largest lndustries in this country, and the quasi-public character of their services and the monopoistic tendency of their business make the problem of rate-making for their services one of the most important economic problems. Besides, this problem has now become almost world-wide one, especially it being most minutely investigated in America; but even in America it cannot be said to have been solved satisfactorily in all its aspects.
The author believes that the solution of this problem, like that of any other problem must, first of all, be based on sound theory. Thus, in this paper, he intends to give a general and fundamental theory which should be applied in order to fix a reasonable rate for electric service at present times.
In the first chapter of this paper, he fully criticizes the two theories-the cost-of-service theory and the value-of-service theory (in this connection allusion is made to the maximum-earnings theory) as rate-bases; he shows that the subjective value itse f which any customer attaches to the electric service cannot justify the discrimination in rates, that unless we can find any reasonable ground for discrimination the cost-of-service theory must necessarily be followed and that under the present circumstances of various electric services the cost-of-service must be made the principal rate-basis.
The whole of the second chapter treats the general method of rate-making based on cost of service. In the first place, the auther gives a brief sketch of the development of the theories of rate-making from J. Hopkinson to to-day and t_??_us shows that we must distinguish the three kinds of cost-demand, energy and stomer costs-and the corresponding three kinds of charge-demand, energy a_??_d custo mer charges. Next, he treats the problem of classifying cost items to the above three kinds and thus the most difficult problem of apportioning the costs among the customers. In apportioning the demand cost, he follows the line of reasoning of Eisenmenger (which line of reasoning was, as far as the author knows, first suggested by Goldman [O. B. Goldman, “The Multiplex Cost and Rate System, ” A. I. E. E., May, 1915.]) and shows that the demand cost must be apportioned according to the “equivalent demand” of every customer. Finally, in the last part of the second chapter, in order to make the general theory thus obtained adaptable to practice, the author introduces the principle of the classification of customers by means of which the problem of finding out equivalent demands of various customers in one class can be reduced to that of finding out the corresponding maximum demands. Besides this principle of classification, a few other methods of simplifying the rate system are described.

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In this paper the author explains electricity rates and rate systems in several foreign countries. After the long years' experience and investigation, there are at present established several fundamental rate systems which are adopted in almost all of the countries throughout the world. These rate systems are
(1) Flat demand system
(2) Meter system
(a) Straight line meter system (Flat rate system ∗)
(b) Block meter system (Sliding scale system ∗)
(3) Demand system (Maximum demand system ∗)
(a) Wright demand system
(b) Hopkinson demand system.
In case of actual application, there are various rate systems which being obtained by modifying, combining or by both methods the above rate systems. These rate systems are
(1) Straight line meter system:- a) Double tariff system, b) Step meter system.
(2) Block meter system:- Modified Block meter system.
(3) Hopkinson demand system:- a) Block Hopkinson system, b) Ratable value system, c) Contract tariff system, d) Step Hopkinson system, e) Modified Block Hopkinson system, f) Two charge spstem, g) Three charge system.
(4) Wright demand system:-a) Block Wright system, b) Step Wright system.
(5) Combined Hopkinson and Wright demand system, Combined Block Hopkinson and Wright demand system.
This paper considers 1) development, kind of systems, application and charging method of the fundamental rate systems, 2) minimum charge of the meter system and wright demand system vs. fixed charge of hopkinson domand system, 3) rates and rate systems in the United States of America, Great Britain, Deutschland, Schweiz and Osterreich, 4) power factor rate.
For the purpose of improving power factor on alternating current systems many of the electricity supply undertakings in the United States of America and Great Britain recently adopted power factor rate. In case of applying power factor rate it is necessary to decide a normal power factor. Electricity rates charged on the consumers should be a normal cost of service. Therefore the consumer, whose power factor is above the normal power factor, should o_??_tain a bonus, and another consumer below should be penalized. The power factor used for desiging power supply system may be adopted as the normal power factor.

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The full description of a new type of the harmonic analyser originated by the auther is given with an actual result of analysing a isosceles-triangular wave.
So called “Henrici's Principle”, shown by the following expression, facilitates the mechanical construction of a harmonic analyser. Let y=f (θ), then the two Fourier's coefficients of the nth harmonics transformed by integration by parts (Henrici's Principle) are
where the terms of the bracket [ ] are zero, therefore it is enough to make the last integration.
This principle has already been adapted in many types of harmonic analysers with various processes. This new type cam give the value of the integral by the relative motion between a horizontal plane and an integrating roller of the same type of those used in the ordinary polar-planimeters, the plane being movable in the direction of y-axis and the shaft of the integrating roller able to revolve in a horizontal plane by suitable friction-gearings.
By the friction-gear above mentioned, this instrument can be adjusted to fit any wave length from 0.5cm to 140cm, and wave height under 60cm, nevertheless this has a small size of 10cm×20cm×35cm.
The order of harmonics analysed out easily by this instrument varies as the fundamental wave length, as shown in the following.
fundamental wave length 100cm, to the 30th harmonics.
_??_ 50cm _??_ 25 _??_
_??_ 20 _??_ 20 _??_
_??_ 10 _??_ 15 _??_
_??_ 5 _??_ 10 _??_

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