This study looked into the legal inadequacy of the Japanese laws on wines from trouble-preventative point of view. As a result, it was revealed that the legal inadequacy could cause as many as five kinds of trouble in tourism-related items. As the existing laws would not provide sufficient solution, there will be need for new legislation. However, there is a risk to hinder economy in implementation of laws of the scale of other countries, I would propose to implement basic laws of wine in the form of industry laws.

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In July 2015 one of the most famous travel magazines on a global scale “Travel + Leisure” came out with the newest ranking regarding “Top Cities” of “World's Best Awards in 2015”. In these top cities the City of Kyoto took first place. This glorious and remarkable accomplishment indeed surprised us, because it was not first time but second time continuously in the recent couple of years 2014-2015.
This research focuses the policies for conservation of historical town and the movements, from both sides of Kyoto City Administration and community groups at tourist destinations in Kyoto, as well as their strategy for developing the tourism industry, which are especially important factors for Kyoto's tourism dynamism. Also, the characteristics of Kyoto's cultural tourism in conserved traditional settlements are approached.

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In order to revitalize hot spring resorts, efforts are being made to increase the duration of tourist stays. In this study, we conducted questionnaire and field surveys to develop an attractive stay structure for hot spring resorts. The results indicated that the initial sense of extraordinariness associated with the atmosphere of the accommodations decrease, and the accommodations begin to seem ordinary as the duration of stay increases. The results revealed that the attractiveness of the accommodations ― in terms of both the internal environment and the areas surrounding the lodging facilities that make up its external environment ― needs improvement.

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This study examines the determinants of international travel flows in inclusive tours based on data-sets of outbound travel from Britain. The study focuses on institutional difference and air transport deregulation as such determinants. The regression analysis shows that institutional difference represents a positive impact on the travel flows in inclusive tours. This result implies that travelers may internalize and reduce transaction costs related to visiting institutionally different and unfamiliar countries by joining inclusive tours. The analysis also demonstrates that the travel flows in individual tours may be affected by air transport deregulation, while such flows in inclusive tours may not be.

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In recent years, amidst the thinking that the tourism market is limited in scope, more and more prefectures are undergoing efforts to revitalize their tourism industries. This suggests that the revitalization of tourism in each prefecture is now a competitive market. Seeking to consider which types of tourism promotion strategies are effective for these regions, this research utilizes Product Portfolio Management (PPM) and classifies each town by the number of overnight tourists and their respective growth or decline. In so doing, it attempts to create the “TA-PM” framework as a means of delineating which kinds of strategies these regions can take to increase tourist numbers.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify a method and its significance for reproduction of the hot spring resort in Onsen Yonezawa Hattou Society. We researched an interview and questionnaire for Onsen Yonezawa Hattou Society from July to November 2014, and analyzed these activities into reproduction of the hot spring resort in Yonezawa.
The results of questionnaire are as follows. a) There are various activities in Onsen Yonezawa Hattou Society. b) We have been found its participation, satisfaction, problem in Onsen Yonezawa Hattou Society. c) We found a method and its significance for reproduction of the hot spring resort in Onsen Yonezawa Hattou Society. In conclusion, it works from planning to practice with member of Onsen Yonezawa Hattou Society, other industry, in reproduction of the hot spring resort activities under the strong relationships between those stockholders.

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There are 9 cities which have established the “Act on Construction as An International Tourism City” during the period of postwar reconstruction. They emphasized that they were especially important cities for national policy. The main purpose of establishing the acts was to gain financial support and free transfer of land for urban planning. In order to establish the act, the constitutional law required a referendum in each city, after passing the National Assembly.
As for Matsue, it has enacted the “Act on Construction of Matsue as An International Culture and Tourism City”, having the approval of 76% of the referendum in March 1951. The aims of this paper are to clarify the characteristics of the act and the residents' consciousness towards the enactment.

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The purpose of this paper is to introduce the principle of Tourism Oriented Country, which is one of the Japanese national policy, into the School English education. However, Tourism is managed by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), on the other hand, English education is managed by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Through discussions of this paper, it is advocated that the two Ministries should cooperate each other, in order to achieve both objectives, better English communication skills for MEXT and more satisfied incoming travelers for MLIT. As a result, this cooperative movement will improve the international relationship between foreign countries and Japan by doing various cultural exchanges in English among ordinary Japanese people.

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Although the number of foreign visitors to Japan has increased remarkably in recent years, many licensed guides have not been usefully employed.
One of the main reasons for this is that there is a problem with the system of producing new work-ready guides in Japan.
Currently, the Japanese government only conducts the national examination, and informs successful applicants of a file of associations of licensed guides, which offer several days of basic training to a very limited number of new guides.
Most new guides have no chance to take practical training to become a professional guide, and travel companies do not employ them.
After examining guide systems in 54 countries and regions, I found that the following points are essential to a system which produces new work-ready guides:
(1) A system which issues a license after several years of training, following a final examination
(2) A license renewal system to secure the quality of a guide
A system with these elements must be employed immediately in Japan in order to increase the number of a high-quality qualified guides, and to meet the strong demand from the inbound tourism industry.

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Various factors influence how much a local area can attract inbound travelers; besides physical elements like an accessibility, appeal of tourism products offered and convenience, a sense of values of foreign tourists also plays a role to a certain degree. In this paper, a basic concept of the “Fair Travel” and its case studies are examined, which is already socially recognized in Korea and is gathering attention as one of recent trends in traveling abroad. Authors also discuss how they can be applied to local Japanese inbound policy and strategies.

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This study aims to examine the possibilities and limits of sustainable local development and contribution through Community-Based Tourism (CBT) in Tanzania from the perspective of Butler's Tourist Area Cycle of Evolution. Tanzania Cultural Tourism Programme (TCTP) has been conducted for many years to contribute a local development in many ways which the local people really want to realize. However, there is variability in degree of profits and benefits according to each TCTP site. Moreover, there is also a considerable difference between a local community and Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (MNRT) in terms of what they mean by “development.” MNRT regards increasing the number of TCTP sites as one of the goals, but the local people don't regard it as their“ development.” To realize sustainable contributions to local communities, as well as holistic development of TCTP, there should be a unified vision of“ development” in order to make up for the discrepancies between the stakeholders and to review the role of TCTP.

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Since the time that the European Union (EU) Package Travel Directive was established, a quarter of a century has passed. This Directive was aimed at protecting consumers/travelers in the EU countries and it worked well in the past. Online Travel Agencies increased its business volume globally, due to the penetration of the Information and Communication Technology. European Commission announced that the purpose of the modification of this directive is to enhance consumer protection. Linked Travel Arrangement (LTA) was added as a new category in order to define travel products. Some stakeholders indicated opposition to the inclusion of LTA to the Directive because of possible confusion in terms of operational constraint, particularly for 'specific target marketing'. This paper examines recent modification of the Directive, and identifies the issues under the borderless business circumstances and implications for other market.

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The aim of this study is to identify and suggest a structured local information service by a value co-creation perspective. It is because there are many kinds of local information service such as a guidebook, a map, a sign, an information center, SNS and so on; however, it is not likely to effect on creating tourism experience which is the most important factor to make tourists' satisfaction and a memorable tourism experience. Due to the concept of Service Dominant Logic, it is possible to understand logic of a local information service. At the same time, it is recognized that a value co-creation between a destination and a tourist is a key to make a better local information service. Therefore, applying the value co-creation to local information service may have possibly to enhance tourists' memorable experience and satisfaction.

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In global tourism competition among countries, regions and cities, place branding has become one of significant role. A joint report by United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and European Tourism Commission (ETC) remarks that place branding will be increasingly important and valuable. However, very little attention has been paid to place branding in Japan partly because place branding is more often argued within the framework of “Chiiki Brand” than its universal principle itself. This exploratory research revealed significant differences between place branding and “Chiiki Brand” after carried out quantitative research to 141 dissertations relating to place branding throughout the world. One of the key findings is that culture plays a pivotal role in place branding.

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This paper attempts to examine the roles played by long-living companies for intrinsic regional development based on tourism by using the case of Daimaru-asunaroso as an example. Among long-living companies, for Japanese style inns featuring natural hot spring baths (onsen-ryokan) to implement sustainable business development, it is indispensable to become rooted in the region and to collaborate with the local community by earning its confidence and trust. To this end, it is important not only to manage the onsen-ryokan but to be involved in a wide range of local and non-local business projects. It can be understood that such activities serve as the foundation for intrinsic regional development based on tourism and play the role of linking the focal points of business transactions. Industrial links rooted in the region are generated from the collaboration within the region involving long-living companies.

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Current open sky trend initiated by US Open Sky strategy has spread all over the world to “EU Single Aviation Area” which model will be introduced into ASEAN within 2015, to “Australia-New Zealand Integrated Aviation Market”, and to 116 bilateral open skies models with US. Regardless this trend, single exception is Japan-China-Korea, Northeast Asian area, while these 3 countries have intimate ties of fluid of people and trade. Although Japanese governmental initiatives for open sky under “Asia Open Sky Initiative”, has almost fulfilled its bilateral objectives, it has not aimed at multilateral area-pen sky. Acknowledging unpredictable political initiatives in this region, this study focuses on activating initiatives by Global Alliance introducing more liberalized operations in this region, to area- open sky structured among 3 countries to be realized in foreseeable future.

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In recent years, regional development through tourism has been attracting interest in our country. It has been of particular interest as a policy measure that is effective in responding to a society with a declining population. Increases and decreases in population size impacting tourism trends in communities with shrinking populations can be regarded as fertile ground for debate. Despite this fact, however, there is a paucity of research addressing the relation between numbers of tourists and population. In this research, we will therefore conduct a quantitative examination of the regions of Japan in terms of three points: 1) population in relation to tourist visits, 2) population in relation to variations in numbers of tourist visits, and 3) population decline in relation to variations in numbers of tourist visits.

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The study of destination from the brand equity point of view has appeared since the middle of 2000. In many cases, its theoretical foundation is based on the “Customer Based Brand Equity: CBBE”. This research is based on the following points, the critical mind that there is a need for comprehensive verification in various dimensions proposed by the previous studies using the CBBE theory, and the possibility of brand trust which has not been applied in the destination brand equity model. Upon examining the CBBE theory and the previous studies, the following six dimensions were proposed, brand awareness, brand image, brand quality, brand value, brand trust and brand loyalty. The possibility of its proposal was also verified by using statistical methods. The data of Japanese tourists, 337 people which had been to Seoul within this one year, was analyzed and the structural validity and reliability between the six dimensions were enough certified. Furthermore, the consequence between the six dimensions was also statistically significant.

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This study clarifies the relationship of regional formation by utilizing natural resources and contents. In Japan, tourism has spread by utilizing contents in recent years. The concept of tourism by utilizing contents is to visit the area that appeared in the contents and the sceneries. This concept has been expanded by including the tourism on the natural resources.
In this paper, focuses on Hanno (Saitama Pref.), Tanegashima (Kagoshima Pref.) and Toyako (Hokkaido) and makes clear the trends based on three types of contents utilization; “① contents utilization for the economic revitalization”, “② contents utilization for improving the value of the society and culture resources”, “③ contents utilization in deepening with the local community”.

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Hoi An ancient town was listed on the World Heritage List in 1999. Since then, tourists have increased rapidly and the old town has become tourist site. Therefore, the old town has some problems recently. So carried out a questionnaire to domestic and foreign tourists in Hoi An.
From the analysis, this paper grasped the following:
1) By the old town has become tourist site, tourists are difficult to feel the living culture and atmosphere of Hoi An unique. Therefore there was some gaps between the expectations of foreign tourists and reality.
2) Domestic tourists think Hoi An the entertainment district. On the other hand, foreign tourists had recognized Hoi An as a living heritage.
3) Tourists had felt that everyday life of Hoi An local people has become lean.

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Presuming that the medical risk during overseas travel will be higher in the future, overseas tourists will have more demand for its compensation.
The purpose of this study is to see how the compensation for medical risk in overseas travel insurance has expanded in last 50 years and to illuminate its problem to be solved.

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Inbound tourism is steadily growing in Japan, and the balance of payment on tourism is starting to turn positive. Since Japan is aiming for becoming a tourism-oriented country, the country must continue to maintain and further promote this movement. However, Japan's present inbound tourism policy seems to be focused only on the number of tourists visiting Japan from overseas, and thus, details are not being closely examined. This research particularly focuses on VFR (visit friends and relatives) and considers the potential for leveraging VFR in Japan's inbound tourism policy.

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Number of inbound tourists from Islamic countries has been rapidly increased recently.
Because majority of them from these countries are Muslim, it causes necessity of consideration of Muslim custom, such as Halal (food).
Organizations which certify Halal by using own method has been established one after another these days. There is no official set standard of certifying Halal in Japan, it causes confusion with Japanese food industry as well as Muslim tourists. These organizations are more emphasis on making profit than respecting Muslim cultures and needs.
The purpose of my research is to see is it possible to use Halal as a way to help region development as well as research Japanese food industry. In addition to it, the sixth-order industry is to examine whether to influence as how to inbound

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In 2000, Singaporean Cruise Ship Company Star Cruise came into Japanese cruise market with short and low rate cruise. They offered 3 nights and 4 nights round trip cruise from Kobe, Japan to Busan, Korea for 30 thousand yen per person. Many Japanese welcomed this cruise and Japanese cruise population in 2000 grew high. Star's strategy was to invite passengers with low rate and get benefit from expenditure on board, especially in Casino. It was unfortunate that most of the passengers on this ship was families, who had no money to try their luck in Casino. Consequently, Star Cruise withdrew from Japanese market after one year and half of struggle. Star's action, however, proved Japanese cruise market is not a special one but no one ever provided short and low rate cruise.

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