The characteristics of activities and ideas on community development conducted by administrative public health nurses were clarified based on a literature review of 33 documents from Japan and were examined in comparison with community development in the Harmonious Local Community Policy. Characteristics included utilizing public health nursing techniques based on basic attitudes as public health nurses, building and managing a system for initiatives within the administrative organization, creating a foundation for diverse actors to cooperate in the region, and offering coordination and support according to the process of residents’ activities. With respect to community development conducted by administrative public health nurses, there is high affinity with community development in the national Harmonious Local Community Policy, and there is a good possibility that it will function effectively in related projects. When utilizing the community development conducted by public health nurses in related projects, it is important to secure management functions within the administrative organization, to secure management functions for the comprehensive management of initiatives by residents and various stakeholders and of administrative initiatives, and to ensure a system that allows staff including public health nurses to go out into the community and engage in activities.

In elderly nursing day care facilities, group support is essential. We determined the rationale behind group support in this study by examining previous research. We examined its effects and problems in this particular setting by analyzing 21 studies. We found that it improved participants’ motor and cognitive functions. It also improved the quality of activities. In addition, it improved oral care with various specialists providing support. We compared the results in group versus non-group settings to understand not just the effect of the provided task, but also the secondary effects of interaction on task performance, participation, and quality of activities. Essentially, we recognize the importance of participation and respect in a group setting.

Introduction: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the health outcomes of people who received telehome monitoring-based telenursing between nurses and people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with those who received only in-person care.

Method: We reviewed the literature by searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL. The eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) involved participants diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus; (2) related to telehome monitoring-based telenursing between patients and nurses; (3) compared RCT approach with in-person care; (4) written in English; and (5) involved participants who were at least 18 years. In particular, studies that compared interventions using videoconferencing, telephone, and telehome monitoring were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results: Eight studies were included in this review. All of them showed a significant decrease in HbA1c levels. Six RCTs evaluated blood pressure, three RCTs evaluated BMI and glucose, five RCTs evaluated weight, four RCTs evaluated lipids, and two RCTs evaluated insulin dose and QOL. The meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels (mean difference = -0.23; 95% confidence interval = -0.45 to -0.01; I^² = 0%; p = .04).

Conclusion: Telehome monitoring-based telenursing for people with type 2 diabetes has the potential to improve their HbA1c levels. However, the precision of the evidence was limited owing to the high risk of bias.

This study aimed to explore the support roles of commissioned welfare volunteers in Japan’s community-based integrated care system. Data were collected from eight commissioned welfare volunteers who consented to participate and had at least five years of experience in ‘A’ City. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants in eight areas of ‘A’ City. Data were analyzed using hermeneutic phenomenological methods and text mining to characterize the roles of commissioned welfare volunteers from different angles. The findings revealed that the participants were constantly prepared to provide community support as commissioned welfare volunteers by establishing relationships, while addressing resident health- and safety-related problems.

In addition, participants facilitated the coordination of social resources by building partnerships with the community general support center for residents with difficult-to-solve problems. Their support was independent, so they consistently shared experiences with colleagues, solved their troubles, tried to keep themselves safe, and maintained quality of support. As key information holders sharing and providing initial support in the community-based integrated care system, it is important for the volunteers to collaborate among themselves and multidisciplinary services.

This study aimed to examine the observational characteristics of expert home-visiting nurses’ eye movements. These characteristics were compared with novice home-visiting nurses and nursing students. There were three groups of female participants: 1) expert home-visiting nurses, 2) novice home-visiting nurses, and 3) nursing students. Eight photographs from two home-visit cases were created from the data of a typical home-visit nursing service recipient in Japan. The participants were instructed to observe the photographs for 10 seconds and imagine the scene as if it was a home visit they were conducting for the first time. The participants’ eye movements were measured using an eye tracker. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the three groups. Expert home-visiting nurses had a shorter total eye scanning length. The fixation count for “patients’ face and clothes” was significantly greater for expert nurses than nursing students; it was the longest among the three groups. Moreover, expert nurses consistently paid attention to the patients during the observation period. This study implies that eye movements when observing home visit photographs may show the characteristics of person-centered care practice. This study would help novice nurses and nursing students learn from expert nurses by examining their eye movements, which reflects how they observe and provide optimal care to patients during home visits.

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between visiting nurses’ spirituality, death attitudes and other personal attributes. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 122 visiting nurses working in 25 facilities in Prefecture A, with their consent to participate in the study. The final analysis was done using 80 complete responses. We measured their views using the Spirituality Rating Scale (SRS) and the Death Attitudes and measured their other personal attributes such as working years and end of life care experience. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between spirituality, death attitudes, and personal attributes. Next, multiple regression analysis was performed with spirituality as the dependent variable and the death attitudes and personal attributes as independent variables to examine the influencing factors. As a result, all subfactors of SRS and total score were related of the “Afterlife belief” and “Life purpose”, factor of death attitudes. It was considered that these factors of visiting nurses’ death attitudes were strongly influenced to self- spirituality, consciousness on connection to afterlife, and how to view focused to life not death. It was considered that these factors of visiting nurses’ death attitudes strongly influenced to self- spirituality, consciousness on connection to afterlife, and how to view focused to life not death. The present findings suggest that it was important the approach to raise awareness of nurses’ death attitudes on “Afterlife belief” and “Life purpose”, lead to improved quality of care that supports the spirituality of the elderly receiving home care.

This study aimed to clarify visiting nurse station managers’ perceptions of the difficulties in visiting older patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi -structured interviews were conducted with five managers. The data was analyzed using qualitative analysis . The following eight categories were identified: 1) communication with each other while wearing protective equipment, 2) observation and information gathering while wearing protective equipment, 3) difficulty in thoroughly implementing infection prevention, 4) denial of necessary treatment and services due to infection concerns, 5) unexpected and rapid progression of frailty, 6) burden of caregiving by family members due to the suspension of daycare services, 7) home support with inadequate information and uncertainty for patients, family members, and visiting nurses; and 8) new and increased burden on visiting nurses due to changes in the medical care system. Visiting nurse station managers’ difficulties were associated with the impact on the older, their families, and visiting nurses during the changes in the environment and with respect to the different emotional states of the older. These results suggest the importance of basic home care nursing practice for older patients, the need for flexible practices in response to changing environmental and community conditions and the need for organic collaboration.

This study aimed to describe home-visiting nurses’ nursing care for terminal cancer patients until the patients’ end of life. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, during which each nurse was asked to recall the type of care she had provided since leaving the hospital. The nurses’ narrations were descriptively analyzed and categorized. The analysis produced the following categories of nursing care, which included end-of-life care: 1) quick preparation and transition to necessary and sufficient home-based care due to the severity and urgency of terminal cancer patients’ situation; 2) provision of around-the-clock support in response to patients’ condition and anxiety; 3) intervention and continued search of treatments to alleviate patients’ pain; 4) sincere acceptance of his/her identities and him/her as one person; 5) support until eventual death; 6) orientation of patients’ family members’ roles; 7) consideration of patients’ time with family; and 8) coping with patients’ death through multidisciplinary cooperation. This survey implied that home-visiting nurses supported terminal cancer patients through end-of-life care at home by promptly and efficiently creating a good environment and supporting them continuously. In this study, we also described home-visiting nurses’ experiences coping with the situation after the patient’s death.

［Objective］ This study aimed to clarify therapists’ thoughts and suggestions on Corporation A’s rehabilitation assessment visits.

［Methods］ Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 enrolled therapists. The data were analyzed qualitatively.

［Results］ Six kinds of thoughts about the rehabilitation assessment were revealed : “joy of being useful and growing”, “burden of tasks”, “pressure and anxiety”, “conflict and hesitation”, “confusing about the evaluation sheets”, “ingenuity and mental attitude for quality improvement”.

［Conclusions］ There is a need to enhance the establishment of education and support systems, the share of ingenuity for quality improvement, and reduction and clarification of tasks related to rehabilitation assessment visits. Additionally, knowledge gained from working with nurses in the field may improve the fulfillment and cooperation by understanding about nurses, which could be applied among the health care professionals’ in-home care.

This study aimed to clarify the issues and business management processes undergone by managers who maintained and improved visiting nurse stations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven managers. The data were analyzed using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach. The results showed the following issues: 1) acquiring users, 2) finding and training staff, 3) raising the quality of care, and 4) others. They expressed their difficulties in opening the stations and maintaining operations; however, they considered this to be the value of finding and accepting difficulties as a manager. Strengthening community-based coordination and using resources efficiently were seen as challenges to both the nurses and the management, which were believed to be beneficial in the long-term in terms of improving management in general and other rewards. We were also concerned about the managers’ expectations of the stations after their retirement. In general, we found that the managers valued community infrastructure and used local resources efficiently to allow holistic growth with their staff and the community.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a preventive care program called “IKI-IKI TAISOU,” which included physical, psychological, and cognitive exercises. This program was conducted in a particular community and was spearheaded by elderly participants.

Methods: Participants were recruited from their own homes (44 elderly members) and the “A- preventive care KYOUSHITU” (23 elderly members). The home group (32 members, 12 leaders) was established based on the individual’s wishes and the recommendation of the local welfare officer in order to support the continuation of “IKI-IKI TAISOU PROGRAM”. We administered the Mini-Mental State Examination in February, March, July, and August 2018 to measure cognitive function, handgrip strength, and one-leg standing with vision to assess physical capacity. We also administered the Geriatric Depression Scale.

Results : KYOUSHITU group’s Geriatric Depression Scale was worse. There were no significant items in each home based participants. More than 90% of the subjects were continuing the program.

Conclusion: The elderly from their home and the members of the KYOUSHITU displayed similar characteristics post-intervention. More than 90% of them continued to undergo the program. They maintained their mental and physical functions and created a group to support the program. It was continued and supported through local aid.

This report aimed to determine the participants’ evaluation and learning experience in an interprofessional education program based on the practice version of Continuing Nursing Management (CNM). We aimed to find areas of improvement for the program. The participants were interprofessional teams (43 individuals in 7 teams; 34 nurses, two doctors, a social worker, a nutritionist, a physiotherapist, and four others). They all worked for a specific hospital and its alliances. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that included 13 quantitative and four qualitative items post-intervention. After editing, the response rate was 72.1% (n=31; 26 from nurses and five from other professional members). The findings showed that self-evaluation on “sharing learning experiences with other members” was the highest in 13 items. The qualitative analysis by nurses indicated that the “importance of perspective on team-approaching power by cooperating with other members” was recognized as learning. On the other hand, multiple professionals, excluding nurses, indicated the “importance of enhancing strength and collaboration among interprofessional teams.” In addition, “the need for focusing on shared goal for clients and their families” was identified . Notably, the program may provide a foundation for shared goals for clients and their families. We need to improve the program to make it easy for interprofessional participants to understand these two points. First, a deep understanding and use of CNM concepts should be considered important. Second, it’s important to create convenient schedules for the care providers .