In this study, we investigated the need for 3D teaching materials on embryogenesis by using a questionnaire for in-service high school biology teachers. Moreover, we examined the effectiveness of 3D teaching materials through lessons, while considering the students' spatial abilities. As a result, four points were revealed. First, the questionnaire survey revealed that 3D teaching materials were most required for teaching neural tube development processes in amphibian embryos. Second, pre- and post-tests in the lesson of the embryo genesis suggested that using hands-on and CG materials contribute to students' better understanding of the fate map. Third, hands-on activity was also effective for learning about embryo profiles. Finally, it has turned out that hands-on materials can facilitate learning of students with low spatial abilities because they allow students to directly touch the materials.

If younger generations can be considered the future builders of a sustainable society, then it becomes an important factor to help them connect basic nature experiences during early childhood to the more formalized environmental education after they enter elementary school. On this premise, we found it necessary to examine the forms of nature activities taking place in kindergarten and evaluate them in the context of cooperative approaches between preschools and elementary schools. This paper is based on a survey conducted between October and November 2010, during which a total of 2000 questionnaires was sent to public and private kindergartens and elementary schools all over Japan. The main purpose of the questionnaire was to assess the general awareness of the term "ESD" as well as the amount of nature education in each facility, e.g. the usage of surrounding nature for play or educational activities, or whether biotopes were presently being used anywhere. Based on the findings, we discuss the role of environmental education in contributing to raising children capable of becoming creators of sustainable societies in the future.