Student experiments on hemagglutinin as the natural immunity was developed in this study. It is known that serum from one animal causes hemagglutination in the blood of other animals. Purchased sera of chicken, rabbits and bovine were mixed with porcine blood, and the speed and extent of hemagglutination reaction were studied. Hemagglutination occured within 3 min after mixing porcineblood with chicken serum on a slide. Therefore, these students experiments can be implemented within 25 min, with the description, it is suitable for a 50 min "basic biology" or "biology" lessons.

We aimed to identify causal factors affecting the willingness of undergraduate and graduate students belonging to teacher training courses to teach the manner of breeding cabbage butterflies (Pierisrapae). A questionnaire survey of their attitudes toward the butterflies was conducted according to the following seven categories: experience and curiosity about insects, experience and curiosity about cabbage butterflies, feelings toward cabbage worms and butterflies, feelings of usefulness to cabbagebutterflies as teaching materials, self-confidence in breeding cabbage butterflies and its instruction, knowledge and understanding of cabbage butterflies, and willingness to teach breeding-methods of cabbage butterflies. Then, we scored the answers of each category and conducted path-analyses todraw a path-diagram.

The following results were obtained: (1) When we set "experience and curiosity about insects" and "experience and curiosity about cabbage butterflies" as exogenous variables, they had two and three direct influence on the endogenous variables, respectively. Only the former exogenous variables weakly influenced upon "willingness to teach breeding-methods of cabbage butterflies" ; (2) Three direct cause-and-effect relationships were recognized among the endogenous variables, however, the variable "willingness to teach breeding-methods of cabbage butterflies" was isolated.

Thus, enhancement of the willingness to teach the manner of breeding cabbage butterflies depended on the experience and curiosity about insects, although we also found difficulty to enhance it.