Thirty-nine Wistar female rats, weighing from 250 to 350g, were employed in order to investigate in detail the healing processes of venous grafts interposed in microartery.
A segment of the right femoral artery was excised and replaced with the epigastric vein. The grafts were retrieved over a period of time ranging from 4th, 7th, 14th, 28th, 56th and 168 th day postoperatively. The left femoral artery and epigastric vein served as controls. First, patency rate was checked and then changes of the grafted wall were evaluated by light and scanning electron microscope.
The following results were obtained:
1. Throughout the experimental periods, patency rates were 56. 4%(22/39); that is, 4 th day, 60.0%(3/5), 7 th day, 42.9%(3/7), 14 th day, 80.0%(4/5), 28 th day, 44.4%(4/9), 56 th day, 62.5%(5/8) and 168 th day, 60.0%(3/5) respectively.
2. In grafts of 4 days' duration, grafted veins had hyaline degeneration and swelling so that endothelial sloughings were nearly completed on grafts. In grafts of 7 days' one, migrations of new endothelial cells from femoral artery into grafts could be observed, they were almost covered with endothelial cells on 28 th day and were completed on 56 th day postoperatively. The walls of grafted veins started to be replaced by the 14 th day and resulted in fibrous connective tissues at 28 th day. Subintimal hyperplasia, being rich in cellular and fibrous components, appeared around the suture line at 14 th day and could be observed almost all over the graft at 28 th day so that there were no differences of the internal diameter between grafts and femoral arteries at 56 th day.
3. Scanning electron microscopic findings nearly coincided with the histopathological ones.
In short, it is suggested that there may be no direct relatioships between patency rate and healing process of the venous grafts interposed in microartery.

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Collagenase inhibitor has been characterized and identified in a variety of connective tissues. This paper reports the purification and characterization of the collagenase inhibitor secreted by KB cells in culture.
Results were as follows:
1. KB cells in the serum free culture medium secreted collagenase inhibitor.
2. Collagenase inhibitor was divided into two peaks by CM-52 column chromatography.
Molecular weights of the inhibitor were estimated to be 32, 000 and 16, 500 by gel filtration.
3. The addition of the inhibitor to activated collagenase resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the enzyme activity.
4. The KB cell inhibitor showed inhibitory activity against all the animal collagenase tested except for bacterial collagenase.
5. Trypsin, thermolysin and elastase were not inhibited by the KB cell inhibitor.
6. The collagenase inhibitory activity was stable after treatment with APMA (1 mM) at 35°C for 3 h., after incubation for 30 min. at 60°C, but was lost by reductive alkylation.

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Biochemical reports on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) composition at physiological and pathological conditions have been rather scarce when compared to those of morphological studies. The present investigation was intended to characterize cross-links and types of collagen in TMJ disc, which is thought to be one of the most important elements in maintaining the structure, strength and smooth function of the joint.
Amino acid analyses of human and porcine TMJ discs ascertained that collagen was the majority among the tissue components. Reducible cross-links were analyzed by radiochromatography after reducing with [³H]-NaBH4 and characteristic patterns were obtained in reducible cross-links of porcine and human samples, respectively. In porcine discs, relatively large amounts of reducible cross-links such as dihydroxylysinonorleucine, hydroxylysinonorleucine and histidinohydroxymerodesmosine were detected. Age-related decrease in all of the reducible cross-links was observed. Human discs contained less amount of reducible crosslinks than porcine samples. However, one reducible component related to hexitollysine, which is desig-nated Al, was abundant in human discs.
Non-reducible cross-links, pyridinoline and histidinoalanine in TMJ discs, were determined with an amino acid analyzer after hydrolysis. The former was detected in all tissue samples examined and was found to decrease with aging. The latter, which is considered to be a cross-link between collagen and related proteins, was detected in aged samples especially in perforated disc but not found in younger samples.
Collagen type analysis by gel electrohorcsis revealed that both procine and human TMJ discs consisted almost exclusively of type I, however, porcine sample contained a trace amount of type III collagen.

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In order to exaniitie the h.asihdity of adoptive immunotherapy by 11, -2 activated killer cells (LAK cells) and rIL-2 in oral caw er patients, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of IL-2 ictivated lymphocytes in vitro from peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes.
LAK cells were generated by incubating fresh lymphocytes with rIL-2 for 3-5 days. No significant difference was found in the augumentation of LAK activity by rIL-2 between healthy donors and cancer patients and/or tumor stage.
The spontaneous NK activity of LNC was very weak and the ratio of Leu 11⁺ and Leu 7⁺ cells was very low in contrast with PBL, but LAK cells could be also generated from LNC. However rIL-2 induced proliferation response and LAK activity of LNC were significantly lower than PBL.
In precursor study, we considered that pure T cells which lack NK cell marker have the ability for the LAK progenitors, though a large part of LAK cells was IL-2 activated NK cells expressing the NK marker, Leu 11 and/or Leu 7.
From above results, the adoptive immunotherapy using LAK cells and rIL-2 was thought to be a promising candidate for oral cancer treatment.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the morphological variation of the palate, particularly the etiology of high vault formation with reference to the maxillo-facial-cranial pattern and dental arch. The materials for the study are dental cast models from 204 subjects, 103 males, and 101 females, each with individual normal occlusion. Frontal and lateral cephalograms of each subject were also included.
Method: From each dental model, the palatal height (PH 3-PH 4), palatal width, palatal length were measured between 31-13 and 7-7. The palatal volume was measured by moire topography method to calculate the mean palatal height (MPH). In order to simulate the maxillary dental arch with a quadratic function, each point of measurement of 14 teeth was put into coordinates by using a digitizer. The determinant coefficients for ellipse, parabola and hyperbola (R²) were then obtained. Optimum curve was selected by using maximum R values. On the frontal and lateral cephalograms, on the other hand, the maxillo-facial-cranial pattern were analyzed on 59 items by the Down, Northwestern and Coben method.
Results:(1) From the analysis of the relationship between PH 3-PH 7 and values of measurement from the cephalogram, an environmental factor was found to predominate on the anterior part of the palatal height, whereas a hereditary factor was apparently dominant on the posterior part.(2) The maximum R value was obtained for ellipse in 169 subjects (82. 8%), parabola in 35 subjects (17. 2%) and hyperbola in O, indicating the highest adaptability to ellipse.(3) After the palate height was classified, using±S. D. of MPH as the criteria for grouping, the HV group occupied 27 of 204 subjects (13. 2%).(4) The correlation coefficient between MPH and RLS, r=0. 486 and the relationship between the HV group and those with a constricted dental arch was objectively demonstrated.(5) The characteristics of the profile of HV group were shown to consist of high N-Me, and Ans-Me.(6) Based on the result of factor analysis of the maxillo-facial-cranial pattern, 10 factors were found to have a cumulative rate of participation of 96. 2%. Factor I was the mandibular protrusion and rotation factor including RLS, Factor II was identified as the mandibular clockwise rotation factor accompanied by a horizontal jaw and facial growth inhibition factor antagonizing Factor I. Factor III was superior facial height related to the discrepancy between the upper and lower jaw. Factor IV was relative protrusion factor. Factors II, III and IV extraeted the chararteristics of adenoid profile, representing the main cause of mouth-breathing.

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The name odontogenic keratocyst was given to cysts which may undergo keratinization. By Philipsen in 1956 many studies have since shown that this cyst should be recognized as a separate entity. Furthermore, it may be associated with the basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS).
In this paper, a detailed analysis was made of the clinicopathologic findings of 16 cysts from 13 patients experienced over a period of 12 years, and certain clinicopathologic features were discussed. The following results were obtained.
1. Odontogenic keratocysts comprised 10. 6 per cent of the total jaw cysts in this study.
2. The most common site was the mandibular molar region. The mean age of the patients was 26. 4 years, the frequency was relatively high below the age of 20 years, and there was a male predominance. The cyst fluids were often like yellow ‘tofu’ or yellow ‘mud’ in their appearance.
3. Some cysts were found accidentally by X-ray. The radiographic appearance could be commonly described as a unilocular cystic radiolucency with a well-defined smooth periphery. About one third of the cysts were bordered by a sclerotic border of surrounding bone, and about one half of them were found in association with an impacted tooth. Root absorption was observed in 2 cysts.
4. Three cysts (21.4 per cent) appeared to have recurred after a mean of 7 years 3 months, as indicated by the radiographically unilocular appearance, and they were closed primarily after extirpation. The following factors seem tenable as the mechanism of recurrence: remnants of dental lamina epithelium within the jaws, incomplete removal of the original cyst lining, and epithelial islands within the cyst capsules. Therefore, such patients should have periodic follow-up including radiographic examination for the first time 5 years or more postoperatively.
5. We believe that the treatment of odontogenic keratocysts should be total enucleation en bloc. When adhesion to the surrounding tissue and/or a bone defect exists, bone curratage and excision of the surrounding soft tissue must be done. Marsupialization may be still a good procedure in young patients with large odontogenic keratocysts.
6. With regard to pathologic features, epithelial islands and daughter cysts were the most common findings, although, in general, there were various other findings togethet with them. Odontogenic keratocyst epithelium is believed to originate in the dental lamina or its remnants, in the enamel organ before tooth formation, in reduced enamel epithelium, and in epithelial cells of the primitive oral cavity. Therefore, we propose that jaw cysts with keratinizing epithelium should be called ‘Keratocysts’.
7. Three BCNS patients (23.1 per cent) were included in this study and the importance of a wide and detailed family pedigree was reconfirmed.

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The total number of detected isolates from 96 patients with acute acdontogenic infection was 377 microbial strains, including 198 aerobes (52.5%), 177anaerobes (47.0%) and 2 candida strains (0.5%).
Streptococcus was the most common isolate organismus (34.5%) in the aerobes, Peptostreptococcus was the most common isolate organismus (14.9%) in the anaerobes.
17 cases (17.9%) were found to have single infection, their isolates were Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Bacteroides.
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were measured for Ampicillin (ABPC), Cefaclor (CCL), Cefmetazole (CMZ), Cefotetan (CTT), Minocycline (MINO), Sisomicin (SISO), Josamycin (JM), Lincomycin (LCM).
ABPC had high drug sensitivity to the aerobes. Anaerobes tended to acquire resistance to CCL.

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The present experiment observed the SEI, dianges between different stimulus rates (1, 0.5, 0.2 Hz), subjective painfulness evaluated by Analogue Pain Scale and stimulus intensities, and the effects of low doses diazepam injection (0.01, 0.02, 0.05 mg/kg, iv), elicited by electric dental painful stimulation.
Peak-to-peak emplitudes increased as stimulus rate was decreased, expecially N 160-P 260 (P<0.01), and latency of N 350 increased.
No significantly changes in peak latencies were observed across different stimulus intensities. Peak-to-peak amplitude increased systematically with increased stimuli, expecially N65-P100 and N160-P260 (P<0.001). Correlation analysis was explored by linear, power and exponential regression. N 65-P 100 correlated strongly with both subjective pain scores and stimulus intensities. N160-P260 significantly correlated with subjective pain scores.
Four subjects among ten of the experimental group felt sleepy from the hypnotic effect of diazepam after the total amount (0.08 mg/kg) was injected. Waveform components after 260 msec were undetectable. The experimental group's peak latencies were slowed, expecially p260 (P<0.05). N 65-P 100 amplitude was slightly increased, but P100-N160, N160-P260, P260-N350 were decreased.
These findings demonstrate that amplitude measures of SEPs elicited by electric dental painful stimulation may be developed as a useful instrument for objective pain studies. Central mechanisms of diazepam were reported as midbrain excitement that inhibited sensory conduction, and infibition of hippocampal formation that released the hypothalamus function. We suggest that the enlargement of early component like N65-P100, and inhibition of later components are caused by complicated inter-neuron reaction in the central nervous system.

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This study was done to ascertain whether Flownasalitygraph SN-01 was useful in the assessment of velopharyngeal closure (VPC) or not. The subjects were 6 normal adults and 6 postoperated cleft palate patients between 9 and 22 years old without articulation disturbance. All were measured by Flownasalitygraph for 10-20 minutes. Nasal emission ratio was determined by NFR (nasal flow ratio) calculated using Mouth-Nose Air Flow in vowels and consonants (/k//s//t//m//r/, and /p/).
Correlation between V PC and NFR was assumed between good velopharyngeal cases and poor velopharyngeal closure cases. These suggested that Flownasalitygraph made it possible to easily examine VPC.

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The present study was attempted to elucidate the effects of unilateral facial denervation on the growth of the maxillo-facial region by means of a histochemical study of the muscles, a cephalometric analysis, by thermography, and by angiographic examination.
Three-week-old Dutch-Polish rabbits and wister rats were subjected to dissection of the right facial nerve. After this denervation, the face of the rabbit deviated to the paralyzed right side, and the maxillo-facial skeleton on this paralyzed side was fairly atrophied. In contrast, the face of the rat after denervation deviated to the left side, and the rnaxillo-facial skeleton was not affected. Rabbits were able to masticate only on the unparalyzed side, whereas the rats were able to masticate on both the unparalyzed and paralyzed sides. This suggested that the mechanism of these facial deformities are related to their masticatory patterns, and so the fibers of the masseter and the orbicularis oris muscles then were investigated histochemically. These muscle fibers were classified into type 1 (slow twitch) and type 2A or type 2B (fast twitch) on the basis of the activity of the myofibrillar ATPase.
The results achieved indicated that in the rabbit masseter, the right muscles had more type 2A and fewer and smaller type 1 fibers, and a lower NADH activity when compared to the left masseter muscles. This indicates a relative disuse of the right masseter muscles when chewing after right facial denervation. Type 1 fibers are best adapted for sustained contractions of moderate force which are required for chewing and postural support. Thus, a reduced proportion and diameter of type 1 fibers in the right masseter muscles may result from a sustained alteration in the patterns of recruitment of these fibers in response to the altered jaw function. The jaw deformity in the rabbit may result from a functional imbalance between the right and left masseter muscles.
As for rat masseter muscles, type 1 fibers were scarce. No functional imbalance was found between the right and left muscles.
In the denervated orbicularis oris muscles of both the rabbit and the rat, neurogenic changes such as type 2 predominancy and group atrophy were observed.

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Giant cellular lesions are characterized by the presence of multinuclear cells, and those known to develop in the intramaxillary regions include giant cytoma, giant cellular granuloma, brown tumor, Cherubism, etc.
Modifiable giant cellular granuloma that were advanced by Jaffe (1953) have been treated as giant cellular epulis or giant cellular granuloma, which develops in a perimaxillary region, and central giant cellular granuloma which develops in an intramaxillary region.
As we experienced suspected the central giant cellular modifiable granuloma in a 6.7-year old boy that developed in the bilateral mandibular molar regions, we report our pathological findings in addition to some discussions on the published literatures.
The diagnosis in this patient was established as central giant cellular modifiable granuloma, although the symptoms initially suspected as Cherubism were neither clinically nor genetically confirmed.

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The symptom of nasopharyngeal cancer was so various that early diagnosis was made difficult. Our present case, a 15-year-old boy first manifested with a symptom of trismus.
He visited our hospital 4 months later since initial onset of trismus, after he consulting a physician and a few dentists. At his admission, he had further symptoms such as a mass in neck and one side hard of hearing. Then, nasal fiberscope found a nasopharyngealcancer. This case suggested that physicians and dentists would do better to suspect nasopharyngeal cancer when they encounter incurable trismus and a neck mass.

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During tile fourth week uf development, the thyroid gland originates from the pharyngeal endoderm of the 16ramen iiim positioned at the first branchial cleft. Passing down in front of or within the body ol the hyoid bone, it tics crnis and migrates to the level of the third or fourth tracheal cartilage. Ectopic thyroid gland occurs by interference with the descent of the original thyroid gland. It can be seen in A. lingual region (lingual thyroid), B. sublingual region, and C. hyoid region.
A 28-year-old woman was referred to our clinic with the complaint of diffuse hemorrhagic spot followed by pulpectomy of the upper premolar tooth. Oral examination revealed a round mass in the base of her tongue. With a CT scanner, the CT number recorded a highscore of 117 HU, and the shape showed a characteristic appearance of a lingual thyroid. In addition, scintigraphy using ^99mTc-pertecnatate revealed a marked isotope intake in that round mass. These examinations strongly supported a diagnosis that the lesion was a lingual thyroid.

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Myxofibroma in maxillae is a comparatively rare disease, and its pathogenesis orcause is being variously disputed. However, no definite opinion thereof has been formed yet.
On this occasion, we experienced 3 cases of submaxillary myxofibroma in d 15-year-oldwoman, a 43-year-old man and a 24-year-old woman. These 3 cases are reported below.
This tumor has strong local infiltrativity but is essentially benign, therefore we adoptedsuch an operative procedure that enabled us to preserve submaxillary shape and function aswell as inferior alveolar nerve as much as possible. The postoperative course is favorable withoutrelapse for all cases.

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A case of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis is presented. The case was a 16-yearoldwoman, complaining of a tumor in the submandibular region on the right side. She hadundergone extirpation of a tumor in the left posterior neck triangle 2 years ago, and histopathologicallythis tumor had been diagnosed as subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis. The extirpatedtumor of the submandibular region also was subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis. Immuno-histological examination of the surgical specimen was performed using monoclonal antibodies (CD 1, CD 4 and CD 8) and the following results were obtained: CD 1 postive cells (T cells) proliferated predominantly and CD 8 positive cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) wererecognized more than CD 4 positive cells (helper/inducer T cells). Recurrent signs were notobserved during the follow-up period of 6 months.

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Besides autogenous bone grafts, various artificial materials had been used for reconstructionof bone defects caused by the treatment of mandibular lesions. From 1982 to thepresent, we performed mandibular reconstruction with alumina ceramics in 10 cases. Thesecases were examined in this paper, especially with regard to the design and the long-term clinicalcourse. Moreover, in our clinical experiences, we study various problems concerning theprinciple of design, method of fixation and indications, when using artificial bone for mandibular reconstruction.

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Leukocytosis associated with malignant disease is known as a paraneoplastic syndrome. In this paper, we report the clinical course of a patient with maxillary cancer associated with marked leukocytosis. We also report the results of our attempt to establish an animal model in which pathogenesis of leukocytosis was studied.
A 52-year-old man with an epidermoid carcinoma of the left maxillary sinus (T3N2M0) was seen January 18, 1984. He manifested an increase in white blood cell count (29, 300/mm³) with no clinical evidence of infection. When the tumor was resected surgically, white blood cell count returned to normal two weeks after surgery.
Recurrence of the tumor resulted in renewed leukocytosis. Furthermore, when he effectively received chemotherapy (VEMF therapy), leukocyte count decreased in parallel with an inhibition of tumor growth. Discontinuation of chemotherapy because of severe side effects renewed leukocytosis and at most serious time, leukocyte number went up to 172, 000/mm³. More than 90% of leukocytes were granulocytes. From this clinical cours, it is suggested that tumor is responsible for leukocytosis in this patient.
In order to confirm this we implanted the patient's tumor into athymic nude mice and succeeded in establishment of tumor-bearing nude mice. Tumor-bearing mice showed marked leukocytosis similar to that of the patient. Surgical excision of the tumor resulted in a dramatic reduction of leukocyte number. These results led us to presume that this tumor is a colony stimulating factor (CSF) producing tumor. We recently found that cancer cells isolated from the tumor release CSF into the culture medium, which supports our presumption. It is, therefore, proposed that nude mice bearing the patient's tumor are a suitable model to study pathogenesis of leukocytosis associated with malignancy.

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In spite of the causative organism being identified, the onset mechanism of herpes zoster remains unknown, and until recently there have been no satisfactory therapeutics. Therefore, the form of treatment of this disease had been mainly symptomatic. However, newly developed antiviral agents such as Ara-A, Ara-C, and Acyclovir are showing good results in combating viral disease and we are now in a new age in herpes zoster treatment.
A case of post-extraction herpes zoster in the first division of the trigeminal nerve treated by an antiviral agent together with other drugs which showed complete remission, followed by iritis of the left eye is herein reported, and the onset mechanism of herpes zoster subsequent to the extraction is discussed.
Under local anesthesia, a 25-year-old female patient, who had an episode of pericoronitis, had an extraction of a completely impacted left lower third molar. Tingling was noted on the left side of her forehead 9 days after the procedure and a vesicular lesion on the erithematous base appeared on the 10th day. Based on a diagnosis of herpes zoster, vitamin B 1 2 and bufexamac ointment were given first, but the symptoms were aggravated by severe pain and vomiting. Then, the patient was administered for 5 days an antiviral agent, Ara-A, 300mg. per day intravenously by drip from 4 days after the onset of the disease. Human immunoglobulin, steroid hormone and antibiotics were also given for 3, 7 and 10 days respectively. Almost all symptoms of the disease such as pain, vesicles and erithema disappeared within 1 week. The elevation of serum CF antibody titer in herpes zoster remained low.
Approximately 1 year after discharge a slit-lamp examination of the left eye showed a flare and cells from iritis. Now, there is no sign of iritis but because of the tendency of high ocular tension, the patient is still under observation in the out-patient clinic of the ophthalmology department.
According to retrospective study, except for the extraction of left lower third molar, there was no triggering factor such as trauma, fever, attack of other diseases, or excessive fatigue. It is suggested that the extraction in the region of the third division of the trigeminal nerve provided the impulse in the Ggl. trigeminale or in the N. oplithalmicus, reactivating Varicella-Zoster virus and causing dermal bullous eruptions in the region of the first division of the trigeminal nerve. Varicella-Zuster virus might have also caused the iritis because the iris sensory nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve.

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We reported a 51-year-old woman with Nelson's syndrome. The patient had undergone a bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome at age 37. Since that time she noted increased cutaneous pigmentation, especially oral mucosa (gingiva, palatal mucosa, buccal mucosa), lip and facial regions. She was on cortisone acetate replacement therapy at a dosage of 15-20mg every day for 15 years, and was followed with periodic X rays of the sella turica in cephalogram.
We found a enlargement of the sella turica and marked elevation of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), so we guessed pituitary tumor.

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Pyogenic granuloma arises from the connective tissue of the skin or mucous membranes. The oral mucosa is one of its most common sites.
We examined the clinical and pathological features of pyogenic granuloma of the oral cavity in 42 patients in our department during the past 20 years.
Clinically, the patients ranged in age from 1.5 to 87 years, and the pyogenic granuloma occurred in individuals of all ages. The lesion was slightly more prevalent in females (57.1%) than in males. The locations of the lesion were most frequent in gingiva (35.7%) and tongue (35.7%), and the remainder involved lip, buccal mucosa, palate. The duration of this lesion was from half month to five years.
Histopathologically, the lesion exhibitted granulomas associated with proliferation of dilated capillaries and infiltration of inflammatory cells. These histopathological findings of the lesion were nearly the same as those of capillary hemangioma.

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