A dose of 2g LMOX was administered to 30 patients by one-shot intravenous injection. The distribution to oral tissues (maxillary bone, mandibular bone, gingiva, cyst wall) of LNIOX and its pharmacokinetic analysis were performed. The results could be summarized as follows:
1. Serum concentrations of LNIOX were 150.35μg/ml, 97.8μg/ml, 13.80μg/ml at 0.5, 1, 6 hours after injection, respectively, and T 1/2 (β) was 111 minutes.
2. The ranged concentrations of LMOX in the maxillary bone, mandibular bone, gingiva and cyst wall were 10%, 15%, 33%, 39% respectively, of the corresponding serum value.
3. Among oral tissues, the highest concentration was obtained in the cyst wall and followed by gingiva, maxillary bone, mandibular bone.
4. The highest AUC index was obtained in the cyst wall and followed by gingiva, mandibular bone, maxillary bone.

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One hundred and forty-seven cases of salivary gland tumors were studied, composed of 107 cases of benign tumors (72.8%) and 40 cases of malignant tumors (27.2%). Pleomorphic adenomas were the most common tumor (94 cases) and occurred more frequently in females than in males. Mucoepidermoid tumors were the most common tumors among the malignant ones.
Most of the pleomorphic adenomas were composed of three main patterns: epithelial, myoepithelial, and myxomatous. According to the kind of the predominant pattern, we classified the tumors into four types, the adenomatous, the myoepitheliomatous, the intermediate, and the myxomatous type in order of frequency. Incomplete encapsulation and capsular invasion were found most frequently in the cases of adenomatous type. The presence of adipose tissue within the tumor tissue was found more frequently in the minor salivary gland tumors.

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Sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy is frequently performed during orthognathic surgery for mandibular deformity. However, misapplication of instruments such as an osteotome and a splitter in bone splitting may result in accidental fracture in areas other than the desired line of splitting. The areas most prone to accidental fracture were determined by measuring the strain distribution during sagittal splitting of the ramus in a simulation experiment by the Obwegeser-Dal Pont technique using air-dried human mandibles fixed firmly at its posterior end and lower border.The following results were obtained:
1) A large amount of strain was exerted in the vicinity of the mylohyoid sulcus irrespective of the direction or angle from which the osteotome was applied.
2) Application of the osteotome parallel to the sagittal plane and at an angle almost parallel from the anterior to the occlusal plane was shown in general to be the safest with the minimum degree of strain.
3) Application of the osteotome at an angle 60 degree from the anterior to the occlusal plane and approximately 15 degree lingually from the sagittal plane generated a large strain in the center of the external aspect of the mandibular ramus.
4) As judged from the shape of the split segments, application of the osteotome parallel to the sagittal plane and degree from the anterior to the occlusal plane frequently enabled splitting in the desired shape.
5) The maximum load during complete splitting was lowest when the splitter was applied parallel to the sagittal plane and 60 degree from the anterior to the occlusal plane. However, a large amount of strain was generated.

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The study reports on the direct extraction of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and prolyl 3-hydroxylase from the secondary palate of rats and the developmental changes in its activity over the time course of palatal closure. Pregnant female Wistar rats were killed with dimethyl-ethel, and fetuses were rapidly taken from the 14.5 th day to the 20 th day uterus.
The following results were obtained;
1) There was a strong relationship between embryonic day and embryonic weight.
2) The activity of prolyl 3-hydroxylase per extracted protein could be measured on the 19 th day and 20 th day.
3) The character of prolyl 4-hydroxylase of the rat was almost the same as the ones in the previous report.[Hutton et al. 1966.]
4) The activity of prolyl 4-hydroxylase per extracted protein was high from the 16 th day to the 17 th day, just at the time of palatal shelf on the stage of fusion.
The activity in the palatal shelves were decreased between days 17 th and 18 th.
And from the 19 th day to the 20 th day, the activity increased again.

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Clarifying the features of maxillofacial fractures from a particular cause is very important not only from the therapeutical point of view but also from the aspect of prevention of such fractures; however, no detailed clinical, radiographical or statistical information, except fragmentary, on the maxillofacial fractures from assault and battery seems to be available. Hence we attempted to characterize maxillofacial fractures resulting from assault and battery by clinical, radiographical and statistical observations of 130 such patients with maxillofacial fractures at the oral surgery clinic of the Ryukyu University Hospital during a ten year period from January, 1978 to December, 1987.
In 22.1% of all the 130 cases investigated, the fractures had resulted from assault and battery with the number of such patients showing a slight increase in recent years. The ratio of males to females was five times greater for males. For both sexes, those in their twenties most frequently sustained such injuries. The greatest number of patients had been injured by fist blows to the maxillofacial regions sustained in street fights after drinking alcohol late at night, occurring slightly more frequently in summer.
About one third of the patients were referred to the Ryukyu University Hospital from private dental clinics.
Fractures of the mandible showed a very high rate of occurrence and were seen in 123 cases or 94.6% of all the maxillofacial fractures. Fracture of the maxilla occurred in 3 cases (2.3%) and fracture of the zygomatic in 15 cases (11.5%).
In the mandible, 42% of the fractures (most usual) were seen in the molar and angle area. However, very few fractures were related to the first and second molar. The fracture in the molar and angle area occurred very often in conjunction with the third molar and impaction of the third molar greatly increased the risk of fracture of the mandide. It is suggested that prior extraction of an impacted third molar would reduce the number of maxillofacial fractures sustained in cases of assault and battery.
A total of 264 complications were observed: facial hypaesthesia, 46 cases (17.5%); injury of oral mucosa, 46 cases (16. 4%); fracture of tooth, 38 cases (14. 4%); unconciousness, 33 cases (12.6%); injury of facial skin, 28 cases (10.6%); infection, 11 cases (4.2%); injury of skin or fracture other than facial, 7 cases (2.7%) and 5 cases (1.9%), respectively; and other miscellaneous symptoms, 52 cases (19.7%).

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We have researched clinicostatistically maxillary cancer patients at our department from 1971 to 1982.
They were classified into 31 maxillary sinus carcinomas and 20 maxillary gingival and palatal carcinomas. Advanced carcinomas were mostly found in maxillary sinus cancer patients.
The rate of survival for 5 years (Kaplan-Meier) for those with maxillary sinus carcinomas was 38.4% and for those with maxillary-gingival and palatal carcinomas was 45.0%.
The survival rates of the patients on whom operations were performed as the primary therapy were bette than those treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Concerning radiotherapy treatment, we have classied into patients given a radiation dose of over 100 Gy, over 50 Gy under 100 Gy and under 50 Gy. The survival rates of the group on whom irradiation therapy was performed over 50 Gy under 100 Gy was better than for those of the other two groups.
Concerning chemotherapy treatment, we have classified into the patients treated by 5-Fu and those treated by BLM. No difference in survival rate was recognized between them.
The survival rate of recurrent cases was extremely bad. NVe think that it is necessary to find a better treatment plan.

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Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are formed if the epithelium of the ectodermal tissues has been trapped or has remained in the fused part of each projection when the jaws and the face are formed during the embryonic period. At times, the cysts may be secondarily formed accompanying the aberration of degenerated epithelium arising from trauma surgical intervention or inflammation. In the case of congenital development, these cysts are almost never detected during infancy and, in general, they take an asymptomatic course. This, along with their slow growth, tends to give rise to a high incidence at about 20 years of age when the activity of the epidermal tissue is pronounced. Cysts are entities surrounded by the epithelial wall with no epidermal appendages and develop in various parts of the body. Although it is relatively uncommon, the devlopment of cysts in the oral area has been afflirmed and reported. Cases of cysts noted in infants are extremely limited. We recently experienced a case of an epidermoid cyst which developed in the submental part of the mouth floor in a ten-month-old infant. A summary of this case is presented in this paper.

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Twenty-one ameloblastoma cases examined clinically, radiologically, and histopathologically were reported.
1) The mean age was 33.1 years old and the highest incidence was recognized in the first and fifth decades. There were 11 males and 10 females.
2) Twenty-one cases were found in the mandible, with the molar-ramus region being the most frequent site of involvement and none in the maxilla.
3) In radiographycal observations, eleven cases were unilocular type, seven cases were multilocular type and three cases were honeycomb or soap-bubble type.
4) In pathological observations using Ishikawa's classification, 1 case was Type I, 2 cases were Type II and eight-teen cases were Type III.
5) Eigh-teen of the twenty-one cases were treated. Eight cases were operatedon by segmental resection, 5 cases were operated on by partial resection and 5 cases were operated on by the conservative surgical method.

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After surgical excision of diseased oral mucosa, the skin grafting has often been applied for the superficial and extensive wound surface. However it is not so satisfactory because of the appearance of skin appendages and the wound of the donor site. Further, we cannot observe prognosis, particularly for the primary precancerous or cancerous region. We applied LDPS (lyophilized dermis porcine skin) in two cases of relatively extensive and superficially invasive oral cancer with leukoplakia in our hospital and recognized some advantage.
The characteristics of LDPS are summarized as follows:
1. The wound is not masked for dissolving of this material about one week later, so we can observe the region continuously.
2. LDPS decreases the pain, because stimulation in the oral cavity such as by heat and cold is intercepted by the material.
3. This material prevents bleeding and discharges the exudate from the wound appropriately.
4. As LDPS covers the wound, it prevents infection.

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Two cases of so-called Stafne's static bone cavity, which occurred in a 48 year-old female and a 58 year-old male, are presented. Some clinico-pathologic features from Japanese literature of 69 cases were considered, in which two of our cases were included.
1) This cavity was re-confirmed as a malformed condition, in which adjacent normal tissues [e.g. salivary gland (69.4%), followed by connective tissue, adipose tissue, their combinations, and so on] have been simultaneously embedded during development of the mandible. Our cases were also related to the packed tissues as follows: one was a combination of lymphoid and adipose tissue by histology, the other was probable salivary gland from the sialographs. It turned out that the pathologic condition was obscure in childhood, but it became obvious after reaching adulthood, and moreover, the bony defect roentgenographically looked like a bone cyst.
2) From the roentgenographic follow-up of postoperative ossification, it was probably proved that there might be effective cases of surgical operation. We would like to bring forward active surgery for improving such a condition.

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MR images of oral and maxillofacial tumors were obtained, and the clinical significance of MRI for their diagnosis and treatment was evaluated.
MRI provided much information that could not be obtained conventional (CT) and contributed to treatment planning and the evaluation of treatment efficacy. T₂ weighted images are very useful in the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial tumors.
Information from multiplane imaging, especially from coronal and sagittal sections, made it easier to determine the type and extent of the lesion.

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There have been very few reports of neurological tumor in the oral cavity. We saw 13 cases of neurological tumor in the 16 year period from 1973 to 1988. Of these, seven were Schwannoma, five neurofibroma, and one a medulloblastoma.
1) Schwanoma often developed on the tongue. These tumors resembled adenoma or fibroma clinically, and this was confirmed histologically. Using the S-100 protein staining technique and vimentin, positive staining reactions to these antibodies were found in tumor cells of these schwannoma.
2) Of five neurofibroma, four had some of the symptoms of von Recklinghausens disease. One case was histologically proven to be neurofibroma, staining reactions of S-100 protein and vimentin being found in some of the tumor cells. Therefore, it is assumed to be from Schwann cells.
3) A 10-year-old girl showed metastasis of medulloblastoma from the right ramus of the mandible to the coronoid process at one year and ten months after treatment. Cisplatinum, ranimustine and interferon-β were given and oral symptoms, as well as metastasis of the pelvis and the ninth and tenth rib, were improved. Staining reactions to NSE staining were found in some of the metastasic tumor cells. We think this is the first report case of metastasis of medulloblastoma in the oral cavity.

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Several techniques that use interposed autogenous bone grafts to augment the atrophied mandibular and maxillary alveolar ridges have been described by many authors.
Hydroxylapatite (HA) augmentation of a deficient edentulous alveolar ridge was reported by Kent in 1980. Since then, the technique advocated for placing HA requires creation of a crestal subperiosteal tunnel by blind dissection through bilateral mucoperiosteal incisions in the canine areas. Although satisfactory results have generally been reported, a few problems have been encountered.
These problems include permanent elevation of the buccal sulcus, often necessitating secondary vestibuloplasty.
To circumvent this problem, Barsan and Kent (1985) and Lew (1985) reported a modified technique, involving HA reconstruction of alveolar ridge deficiency with an open mucosal flap technique.
Recently the authors of the present article used this open mucosal flap technique with HA in two cases and obtained satisfactory results.
Case 1 was a 52 year-old female, the location of the incision was in the region between the first premolars of the maxilla.
Case 2 was a 55 year-old female, the location of the incision was in the region between the second molars of the mandible.

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We experienced a case of a 55-year-old male patient with a salivary calculus in the left submandibular duct, and was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM).
1) The removed calculus included a foreign body that was 13×1mm in size, and had a sword-like form also observed foreign body of morphologic analysis, and we decided to fishbone.
2) The surface structure of fish-bone was observed to by SEM to be sand like. The crystal component was observed in the calculus upper area. Microorganisms and a rock-like structure were observed in part of the area.

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Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequently occurring type of tumor in the salivary glands, and for that of the major salivary glands, the parotid gland is the favorite site. The soft palate is the favorite site for pleomorphic adenoma in the minor salivary glands and the cheek is held to be a relatively rare site for its development. The formation of a grossly apparent large cyst has been ill-documented to date. Our experience with one case of pleomorphic adenoma with the formation of a large cyst in the cheek, is presented in the paper.

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Oblique facial cleft is a rare congenital anomaly, its incidence ranging from 1 to 5 per 1, 000 common facial clefts.
In this paper, we reported a case of bilateral oblique facial cleft, classified into Morian II.
These clefts extended from the lateral sides of the cupid's bow, toward the medial canthi.
The medial canthi were dislocated downwards and the alae nasi were pulled upwards. In addition, bilateral cleft palate and the obstruction of nasolacrimal ducts were observed.
At 6 months of age, the bilateral facial clefts were closed by a plastic operation using small triangular flaps.This operation procedure resulted in a great improvement of the appearance.
At 18 months of age, the cleft palate was repaired with the push back method.

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We present a case of cat scratch disease. The patient was a 72-year-old male. He received a scratch from his cat at the right submandibular region.
About three days later, he noticed several eruptions at the same site and then a painless tumor mass began to develop. The sialogram of the right submandibular gland showed no abnormality. The mass was surgically removed.
Histopathologically, there were focal granulomatous lesions with suppuration and necrosis in the submandibular lymph node. The necrosis was surrounded by a layer of epithelioid cells. The lesion involved the adjacent tissues, that is, the adipose tissue, the muscle tissue and the salivary gland. Microbiologically, acid-fast bacilli or other organisms were not seen by Ziehl-Neelsen, PAS, Brown-Hopps' and Warthin-Starry stains.
The diagnosis of cat scratch disease was made on the basis on the clinical and histopathological features.

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55-year-old man with a cystic schwannoma of the left submandibular region was examined and the case discussed with reference to the literature.
The lesion was treated by en bloc excision of the tumor and the submandibular salivary gland. The lesion was histopathologically evealed to be a mixed type of Antoni A and B, showing formation of a large inner cystic cavity with markedly distended blood vessels and hemorrhagic changes around the cavity. The postoperative course was eventless, and no recurrence has been observed up to the present, one year and months after the operation.

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A rare case of pleomorphic adenoma of the apex of the tongue isreported. A patient, female aged 79 years, had an encapsulated mass, about 3 cm in diameter, on this part of her tongue.
The mass that was well-demarcated and movable could be removed easily, and the clinical course was good with no evidence of recurrence. According to the clinicopathological examination, the tumor seemed to have originated from the anterior lingual gland.
In the minor salivary glands, pleomorphic adenoma is most affected at the palate, and it occurs only infrequently at the tongue. To the knowledge of the authors, there have been only three reported cases of this tumor at the apex of the tongue, including the present case.

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We recently experienced a case of patient with hepatorenal double cancer who came to our hospital for metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma of the mandibular head, together with right temporomandibular arthralgia as CC.
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed for its treatment, but the patient died of hemorrhage in the digestive tract about 4 months after the metastasis showing no remarkable results.

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