The spine deformity following C. V. A. hemiplegia was investigated from the roentogenological study of 54 patients.
1) The prevalence of scoliosis was 24.1per cent. And it's average angle was 19.6± 6.8 degree.
2) There were 8 C-curves and 5 S-curves. C-curve developed in 4 right hemiplegic patients and 4 left hemiplegic patients, and S-curve developed in 5 left hemiplegic patients and 1 right hemiplegic patient. C-curve had convexity toward the paralysed side except one case, on the other hand S-curve had convexity toward the intact side except one case.
3) There was no relationship between scoliosis and the Brunnstrom's recovery stage.
4) There was no relationship between scoliosis and the period after onset of C. V. A. hemiplegia.
5) 2 of 4 patients with help of wheel chair and 5 of 16 patients with S. L. B. and T cane and 6 of 15 patients with T cane had scoliosis.
On the other hand, there was no scoliosis in patients who walked for themselves.
6) Compared with patients who had no scoliosis, scoliosis patients had increased thoracic kyphosis and decreased lumbar lordosis.

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The author reported a case of symptomatic parkinsonism with KINESIA PARADOXA and discussed the problems of gait disorder in KINESIA PARADOXA.
Although the patient, 44-year-old housewife, had no difficulty in walking up and down the stairs, she was unable to walk on a flat monotonous floor because of difficulty in swinging her right foot foward.
There were no apparent psychological or physical reasons to explain the gait disorder except for minimal weakness and rigidospasticity in all extremities.
The movement of the center of floor reaction was recorded, when the patient stood on the force plate (San'ei Company, Japan) and initiated her first step. The force plate study findings were as follows; 1) static balance while standing was excellent, 2) voluntary displacement of center of floor reaction while standing was markedly reduced, 3) on initiating first step, there was no propulsive force and was an oscillation from side to side with gradual forward falling.
The patient was asked to use a cane with a short horizontal bar at the bottom, in order to encourage KINESIA PARADOXA which is evoked by visual stimulus only.
However, she preferred a pulling-up strap attached to the right foot rather than the cane which necessitated constant visual control. The patient did not show remarkable response to ordinary kinesitherapy or drugs including El-dopa.
Although there have several reports on KINESIA PARADOXA as a clinical sign since Souques and Babinski (1921), the author could not find adequate explanation of this phenomenon in the literature.
It is, however, accepted that visual compensation for defective feedback mechanism like the one in parkinsonism is very important.

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In this paper the relationship between ADL and ROM of elbow joint was discussed from the view point of the experimental study using a electrogoniometer and clinical study about cases with limitation of motion of elbow.
1. A new electrogoniometer was developed for measuring the degree of flexion and extension in the elbow joint (Fig. 1). This instrument is simple, small, mass-less and does not restrict physical activity of subject. An error between the angle obtained with the electrogoniometer and a skeletal structures of elbow by means of X-ray cinematograph was read in less than 5 degrees (Fig. 3). Outputs from the electrogoniometer were recorded in magnetic tape (TEAC-410 data corder) by wire or wireless telemetring method and were analysed by computer system (DECK PDP-12). The motion of elbow joint was measured with the electrogoniometer in some ADL such as follows 1) simple working on desk (Fig. 4), 2) long time activities in daily working (Fig. 7), 3) eating, washing a face, 4) doning a trouser and socks (Fig. 8)
2. Observations on a relationship between the ROM of limited or fixed elbow and the ADL were done and discussed about clinical cases and experimental modeles who were fixed elbow joint at various angles with orthosis. (Fig. 9-12)
3. Results from experiences and clinical observations were as follows
1) In usual ADL, extension of elbow joint under 20-30 degrees is not necessary.
2) In case with no limitation of motion of each joint except elbow, the almost of ADL are sufficiently performed in the range of motion of elbow joint from 75 degrees to 105 degrees.
3) The functional position of the arthrodesed elbow should be 90 degrees flexion in unilateral case. But in bilateral case, it is necessary to get the range of flexion over 105 degrees at one side and the range of extension under 75 degrees at another side.
4) To maintain the range of flexion over 90 degrees is the most important in ADL.
5) About forearm rotation, supination is more important than pronation in ADL.

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Changing motor patterns of cerebral palsy during maturation is discussed after a follow-up study of 144 patients who were referred for rehabilitation service.
Ten of seventeen children in hypotonic form at the beginning of rehabilitation have showen a remarkable change into the other forms; 3 spastic, 4 athetoid form and 3 mental retardation without cerebral palsy. The remaining cases are still hypotonic but they are less than 3 years of age. In eleven of 100 children athetoid form took the place of spastic form. Two cases initially diagnosed as athetoid were revealed to have been misdiagnosed so due to the restlessness as a symptom of mental retardation. Sixteen of 35 cases finally diagnosed as athetoid had initially showen the other form.
The appearance of athetoid movement was found mostly (in 76% cases of cerebral palsy with athetoid movement) from one to four years of age, at the latest five years and seven months.
A hypothesis on the course of changing motor patterns in cerebral palsy during development and maturation is tentatively proposed.

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