MACRO REVIEW

A Trip to the Upper and Middle Reaches of the Yangzi River in China based on the Physical Geography

Masahiko OYA

1998 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 3-5_2
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11286/jmr1988.11.3

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Sichuan Intermountain Depression is a fault basin. The Min Jiang that is the important tributary of the upper reach of the Yantze River deposited sand and gravel and formed a fan. The fan consists of round gravel and black soil which were transported by the flooding caused by the melting snow. About 2, 300 years B.P., Dujiang Yan constructed. Due to the weir, the flood damage was de-creased and irrigation was developed in the Sichuan Intermountain Depression. After construction of the weir, improvement work had been done several tunes. But the basic idea is still remained to the present age. The Min Jiang is bifurcated to the outer river (natural river) and inner river (irri-gation canal) in this place. In flood time 60% of the discharge will be flow down to the outer river and 40%, inner river. On the other hand, in the period of water shortage, outer river is 40% and in-ner river, 60%. The Jianghan Plain situated between Wuhan and Yichan has rock fans or pediment at the foot of the mountain. The depth of the deposited layer is thin. The plain is erosional plain.

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Dujiangyan, a Historical Water Utilization Facility in Sichuan Province, China-Hydrological and Geographical Characteristics of the Mingjiang River

Teruko SATOU

1998 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 7-17
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11286/jmr1988.11.7

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"Dujiangyan", a large-scale and multipurpose water utilization facility, is located on the middle reaches of the Mingjian River which is one of the main tributaries of the Changjiang River in China. "Dujiangyan" has been protecting the Chengdu Plain in the Sichuan basin from floods and has been irrigating the plain throughout 2, 200-2, 300 years.In this report reasons why "Dujiangyan" has been able to keep working such a long time without a break are mentioned from viewpoints of hydrological characteristics of the Mingiang River and geographical features.

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On the Sediment Load

Joining Changjiang Research Tour

Masakatsu SAITO

1998 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 19-23
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11286/jmr1988.11.19

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The movement of sediment load is an extremely difficult problem for river planning. Particularly, intake weirs, diversion weirs, dams etc. constructed across the river are apt to cause the sedi-ment deposition in the upper reach of the structure, the river bed erosion in the lower reach. When its impact is great, it will cause the coastal erosion too. Owing to Changjiang Research Tur, I could get an excellent chance to think about the sediment problems. The success of the sediment treatment for the Dujiangyan project is based on the skilful planning that avoids a struggle against nature and does not intend to control directly its power. On the other hand, the sediment treatment for the Three Gorges Dam project depends on the opera-tion of the dam, which is based on highly up-to-date forecasting technology . The contrast between the sediment treatment of the two project seems to give us a precious hint for the study of technique that treats of nature.

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China's Environmental Measures against the Three Gorges Project

Masaaki TAMAYAMA

1998 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11286/jmr1988.11.25

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The National Science and Technology Committee called for a work- meeting for the Three Gorges Project and initiated a research of “Affects on Ecology and Environments by the Three Gorges Project and their Measures”, that was to be an important preconditions to proceed the project at Chengdu, Szechuan in November 1984. The Three Gorges Project booklets, 8 volumes, were published in 1992. This paper reports "Questions and Answers on Ecology and Environment on Changjiang Three Gorges Project", that was published just before the completion of the first term of the project, alternation of the main stream of the river, in October 1997. The editorial committee divided the whole body of environment into four layers. The first layer is the environmental whole body of repercussion evaluation. The second layer consists of three categories: public relations, social environments and natural environments. The public relations and social environments include 6 and 8 items, respectively. The natural environments include 10 items. The fourth layer consists of 69 factors all together.

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What we saw at Changjiang, Dujiangyan and Three Gorges Dam in '97

Katsuhito SHIRAISHI

1998 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 37-42
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11286/jmr1988.11.37

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Limitations of Japanese Management

Yoshinobu KONOMI

1998 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 51-59
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11286/jmr1988.11.51

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Development and Problems of Relocation of The Three Gorges Project

Yuuko AKIYOSHI

1998 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 61-69
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11286/jmr1988.11.61

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This paper studies development and problems of the relocation project by the Three Gorges Project mainly in 1996 and 1997. The first construction period of the Three Gorges Project was completed in November 1997. (The relocation project of the previous years was reported in the MA CRCREWEW Vol. 9, No. 11996, written by the author.) The policy of relocation adopts the total developmental programs of agriculture, but not merely providing money for the relocates to be forced to move due to the construction of the huge dam. Successful achievements of the relocation project will be brought about mainly by ensuring funds by the Chinese government

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An Evaluation of Biobriquet

Yoshitaka NITTA

1998 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 71-77
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11286/jmr1988.11.71

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This paper analyzes cost of bio-briquet which has a potential to reduce SO₂ emission as well as to increase crop production by alkali soil improving by its ash. The paper compares desulfurization cost between conventional wet process and bio-briquet production machine. Without much cost reduction in bio-briquet, nor almost 30% saving of energy, it is not easy to diffuse the bio-briquet. However, it is possible to realize them by a joint R and D between Japan and China in the future.

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A Forecast of World Food Crisis in the 21st Century and Solution

Downsizing the World

Hiroshi SAKAE

1998 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 79-87
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11286/jmr1988.11.79

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In these years as global environmental problems, it is highlighted that exhaustion of food, energy, and production resources and wash pollution including heat pollution have been threatening sustainment of mankind. Above all, about food crisis which has close connection with survival of mankind and will become evident in the earliest period, I try to forecast when, where and how that will occur. As a new population control in developing regions against food crisis, I propose to request anti-prolificacy to local residents directly in exchange for retail financing such as some dollars per person so that they could get their own manufacturing tools. Developed regions which spend much resources and put out much waste as times or dozens of times as developing regions per caput should downsize their own world.

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Supplementary Items to the Treatise on “Open-System Marine Ranch” Proposed in Vol.10 No.1 1998

Teruo KINOSHITA

1998 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 89-92
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11286/jmr1988.11.89

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