In this research paper, the actual situation of refuse derived fuel (RDF) in the world, with a special emphasis on Japan, was studied. Focus was placed on describing both the environmental and economic evaluation of RDF. Actual data for the production of RDF was obtained in the case of Japan. This data was used in a theoretical model to carry out a simulation analysis on the possibility of applying technology, that was partly developed in Japan, for the production of RDF plants and RDF itself, to the Canadian situation, using the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) as a Canadian representative city. As a result of the calculations for the simulation, it was determined that at least two types of social benefit may arise if RDF plants were constructed in Canada for the purpose of producing RDF. First, it was determined that by the construction of RDF plants and subsequent production of RDF, there could be a drastic reduction in the amount of CO₂ that is released to the atmosphere and thereby partially mitigate the greenhouse effect. Second, there may be a social benefit due to the reduction in the amount of waste that goes to the landfills thus lengthening the life of those landfills. In addition, it is expected, as show by calculations, that the expenses related to overall waste treatment for GVRD can be greatly reduced by the construction of an RDF plant and the subsequent production of RDF itself.

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Disposal and recycling of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Metropolitan Manila is tackled. The waste landscape of the Metropolis is characterized by limited disposal capacity and low rates of reduction, reuse, and recycling. Dumping sites serve merely as a sink without adequate engineering controls to ensure safety of communities. Potential of landfill gas for energy is high but has yet to be fully harnessed. Legislations are in place but require serious political will to implement them. Private enterprises should be provided with additional responsibility in recycling. Comprehensive database on MSW is also wanted for planning purposes. This can be realized through partnership among the national government, local government units, civil society, and the private sector. This entails that monitoring and evaluation is a shared responsibility. Community-based recycling is emerging with handicraft-making and composting as key features. Composting needs markets and sustainable organic farming should be pushed with vigor. Best practices should be pursued by the government and NGOs so that ecological waste management at the local level is attractive. On the social dimension, the role of waste pickers needs to be mainstreamed in the formal recycling to avoid social and economic displacement.

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It is quite recent that the corporate value has been so often discussed. Japanese corporations, however, tried to increase their corporate value by using the traditional business and financial strategy, even during the period of the “Lost Decade”, although there has been no clear corporate management with environment focus, which takes care of the next generation. Corporate management with environment focus started with pollution in the 1950's and developed to process management and compatibility between environment and profit in the 1990's, and expanded into the corporate social responsibility in the 2000's. Corporations need to have the three factors compatible, including environment, economy and society, as triple bottom line. Although CSR and socially responsible investment are only recently introduced to Japan and thus the market scale is still small, Japan has a well-rooted commercial tradition since the era of Ohmi business people, and therefore CSR and SRI would be easily accepted. We need the society where the corporate and individuals who tackle with difficult environmental issues get the social and economic benefit. It is expected that those corporations who try hard to implement the corporate social responsibility and those financial institutions who support the corporations play a big role.

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Nowadays, in the powder coating market, the coating powder is generally made by thermosetting resin and that made by thermoplastics resin is the minor due to high manufacturing cost.Besides, the coating powder made by polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET) is only for thick film coating in the market because of larger powder particles, which is done by fluidized bed. Because the coating powder made by PET resin for thin coating is not developed due to its difficulty of fine pulverizing.The thin film coating enables to decrease the demand of coating powder for coating area than present thick film coating, which brings the lower coating cost.Additionally, the powder coating does not require the solvent, such as toluene, xylene, thinner and be free from volatile organic compounds (VOC) accordingly. This contributes the decrease of VOC to the atmosphere.This paper provides the summary of the development of coating powder for electrostatic coating (thin film coating) made by recycling PET resin.This development has been done by “The subsidies of Ministry of the Environment” of “The technical research of waste treatment for next-generation in 2004”

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This paper intends to examine multi-varieties production and organic farming promoted by the Bhutanese government based on interviews with rice farmers in Bhutan which took place from 26^th to 30^th in July 2005. Multi-varieties living patterns as a principle of human existence and circulation of materials as a necessity for human beings are embodied in the rice production of Bhutan. It concluded that multi-varieties production and organic farming are essential parts of living with nature and regional cultures. Multi-varieties production and organic farming, instead of the conventional single-variety production and over-chemical fertilization, should be more seriously emphasized and put into practice, in order to preserve the principle of variety of life and to provide basic food in the period of food shortage as climate change, natural disasters and accidents caused by human enterprises, are increasing.

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Since Kyoto Protocol came into effect on 16^th Feb. 2005, many people in Japan have been arguing and discussing how to reduce greenhouse gases by 6%; the six kinds of gases that were defined the greenhouse gases at COP3. Among the gases, since carbon dioxide is the major one, this paper discusses the carbon sequestration of forests by photo synthesis. The fixed carbon would have a value of money when the fixed carbon is admitted as a carbon dioxide absorption right. This paper also discusses the potential of the right that could change the fundamental consciousness from mass material consuming society to material sustainable one as symbolized in the three terms ;reduce, reuse, and recycle.

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