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Volume 35, Issue 11
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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KOSAKU NITTA, KEIKO UCHIDA, AKIRA KAWASHIMA, SHIGERU HORITA, TAKAAKI T ...1993 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1205-1211
Published: November 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new monoclonal antibody (MAb) was raised against human glomerular components to investigate the possible existence of glomerular antigens reflecting cellular adaptation in glomerulonephritis. The MAb recognized a podocyte antigen as well as those expressed on renal arterial endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells by indirect immunofluorescence. An additional, but weaker immunoreaction was found in epithelial cells of the Bowman's capsule. This MAb recognized a 30-kD protein on western blotting of glomerular extracts under non-reducing and reducing conditions. Immunoperoxidase electron microscopy revealed that this antigen is present within the cytoplasm, but not on the cell membrane of the podocytes. Moreover, the antigen was found to be reduced in the glomeruli of patients with minimal change glomerulonephritis. These results suggest that the 30-kD protein is a novel protein, which we hypothesize is involved in maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the podocytes. In addition, reduced expression of the 30-kD protein in the podocytes may be related to the increasing proteinuria in minimal change glomerulonephritis.View full abstractDownload PDF (6619K) -
TAMAKI SASAKI, GENGO OSAWA1993 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1213-1219
Published: November 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNewborn and mature Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of 5 bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), a DNA precursor, to assess cellular proliferation by labeling S-phase cells. For immunohistochemical analysis, paraffin sections were prepared two hours after BrdU injection. The various stages of development of the glomeruli were observed within each newborn rat. The most primitive glomeruli were found close to the renal capsule, with progressively more mature glomeruli appearing in the deep renal cortex. BrdU-positive nuclei were frequently detected in the epithelia of nephrogenic vesicles, S-shaped vesicles and ureteral buds. When the capillaries invaded the S-shaped vesicles, the developing glomerular basement membrane was recognizable . In this and more mature stages of the glomeruli, presumptive podocytes no longer showed BrdU-positive nuclei, but they were easily detected in the mesangial and endothelial cells of the glomerular tufts . The mean labeling index of the glomerular tuft cells of mature rats was approximately 0.54%. The majority of labeled cells in the glomerular tufts were endothelial cells. Mesangial cells had a low labeling index. Podocytes revealed no evidence of proliferation. The labeling index of Bowman's epithelial cells, however, was approximately 0 .71 %, higher than that of the tuft cells. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of cellular interplay within theglomeruli.View full abstractDownload PDF (8473K) -
ISAO KUMAGAI, HIROFUMI MAKINO, ZENSUKE OTA1993 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1221-1226
Published: November 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the roles of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in filtration mechanisms, human liver ferritin was used for the first time as a tracer. Urinary excretion of human liver ferritin was measured and the injected ferritin was tracked under electron microscopy. Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis was induced in Sprague Dawley rats and normal saline was injected into control rats. Monomeric and polymeric human ferritin were isolated from post mortem samples. Both kinds of human liver ferritin were injected into the experimental and control rats and urine samples were examined for human ferritin by radioimmunoassay. Rats with PAN nephrosis excreted approximately 33 times more monomeric ferritin than the controls. Appreciably more monomeric ferritin was excreted than polymeric ferritin. In control rats, monomeric ferritin particles were restricted in the lamina rara interna and inner aspect of the glomerular basement membrane 30 min after injection. On the other hand, in rats with PAN nephrosis, monomeric ferritin particles were seen throughout the width of the GBM and in the epithelial cells. With human liver ferritin, we were able to demonstrate the escape of the ferritin into the urine in addition to conducting the conventional electron microscopic tracer study of the glomerular capillary wall. Human liver ferritin shows potential as a useful tracer in the study of glomerular permselectivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (3966K) -
TETSUYA OSHIMA, HIDEO MATSUURA, RYOJI OZONO, MART TSHTDAKAINOUCHI, TAK ...1993 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1227-1231
Published: November 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntihypertensive efficacy of the calcium channel blocker, nilvadipine, was investigated in 21 patients with essential hypertension in relation to the intracellular sodium concentration ([Na]i) in erythrocytes and clinical variables, such as age, body weight, pretreatment blood pressure and plasma renin activity . Dihydropyridine nilvadipine reduced mean blood pressure from 120±6 to 106±8 mmHg (p<0 .01). The hypotensive effect of nilvadipine was positively correlated with age (r=0.67, p<0.01) and inversely correlated with plasma renin activity (r=-0.62, p<0.01), but was not correlated with erythrocyte [Na]i or any other indices. Erythrocyte [Na]i was decreased with nilvadipine treatment (8.27±1.69 to 7.97±1.49 mM, p<0 .01). However, no link was found between the change in [Na, ]i and the hypotensive effect of the drug. In conclusion, the antihypertensive efficacy of nilvadipine was predictable by age and renin status, but not by erythrocyte [Na]i. A significant role of reduction of [Na]i in the hypotensive effect of the calcium channel blockers was not detected.View full abstractDownload PDF (673K) -
CHIKAO YAMAZAKI, YUZO WATANABE, NOBUO SAKAMOTO1993 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1233-1242
Published: November 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe treated pre-dialysis ESRD patients with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) by either the subcutaneous (s.c.) or intravenous (i.v.) route, and investigated the pharmacokinetics of rHuEPO. Twenty patients were divided equally into two groups by the difference in route, and rHuEPO was administered once per week for 8 weeks. The dose was 3, 000 and 6, 000 IU in the s.c. group and 3, 000, 6, 000 and 9, 000 IU in the i.v. group. Although anemia was corrected significantly in both groups, residual renal function was not affected significantly. Pharmacokinetic study revealed that none of the parameters changed between the initial and final treatments in any of the groups. Area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) was consistently smaller in the s.c. -than in the i.v.- treated group. Mean residence time (MRT) was 3 times longer in the s.c. group than in the i.v. group. Bioavailability of rHuEPO in the s.c. group was around 35%, and mean absorption time (MAT) was around 25 hours. Though the s.c. route has been reported to be more effective for correcting anemia with rHuEPO than the i.v. route when rHuEPO was administered either twice or three times per week, our study demonstrated that the effectof rHuEPO was almost equal between the s.c. -treated and i.v.- treated groups when rHuEPO was administered once per week. We assume that this equivalent degree of efficacy in the s.c. group in spite of low values of AUC and Cmax might be derived by the longer MRT. Thus, we consider that MRT is an important factor and the efficacy of rHuEPO should be investigated with evaluation of MRT when the administration route is different.View full abstractDownload PDF (1129K) -
TOSHIAKI SHIBASAKI, HIROFUMI NAKANO, HIROYUKI MATSUDA, IWAO OHNO, HIRO ...1993 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1243-1248
Published: November 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe treated hyperlipidemia in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) using pravastatin for more than one year. There were 7 cases consisting of 3 with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), 1 with focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS), 1 with proliferative glomerulonephritis (PGN), 2 with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) and 1 of unknown origin. Three cases consisted of frequent relapsers, and 4 were steroid-resistant. Six randomly selected age and sex-matched nephrotic patients were used as controls. The daily excretion of proteinuria was not decreased after pravastatin treatment, but, the serum albumin rose from 3.1±1.1 to 3.4±1.0 mg/dl. The serum total cholesterol level was significantly reduced from 401±174 mg/dl to 331±103 mg/dl in spite of an absence of marked change in the control group. However, there were no significant changes in the triglyceride and lipoprotein levels. The atherogenic index was 7.1±3.7 before and 2.8±1.7 after pravastatin treatment, respectively. Improvement of renal function defined by delta decrement of renal function per year (0.08±0.06 vs. 0.12±0.26) was observed after the discontinu ation of pravastatin administration in 3 out of 4 intractable cases. We conclude that pravastatin has a potent effect in reducing the serum level of total cholesterol, but not triglyceride in NS. Furthermore, pravastatin can induce renal dysfunction especially in patients with intractable nephrotic syndrome.View full abstractDownload PDF (768K) -
ATSUHIRO YOSHIDA, KUNIO MOROZUMI, ASAMI TAKEDA, KATUSHI KOYAMA, TADASH ...1993 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1249-1252
Published: November 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated the effect of enalapril on proteinuria in 20 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and renal insufficiency. Patients were accepted into the study according to the following criteria: 1) a serum creatinine (s-Cr) level over 1.5 mg/dl or a creatinine clearance (Ccr) under 70 ml/min; and 2) urinary protein (UP) over 1.0 g/ day, expect for the cases with uncontrollable hypertension. We measured total protein (TP), albumin, s-Cr, Ccr, UP, and Ht during the elanapril therapy. After enalapril therapy, UP slowly decreased, and TP and albumin levels increased. The levels of s-Cr and Ccr did not vary. None of the patients required discontinuation of enalapril therapy caused by side effects, such as anemia or hyperkalemia. In conclusion, enalapril has the effect of decreasing in proteinuria and increasing TP and albumin in patients with CGN and renal insufficiency irrespective of the original diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (413K) -
KAZUO MATSUSHITA, KATSUMI TANIKAWA, AIICHIURO MASUDA, SHOUJI MATSUZAKI1993 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1253-1257
Published: November 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough a low concentration of urinary citrate is cited as one of the risk factors promoting stone formation or recurrence among patients with urinary stones, its clinical significance remains obscure. We studied 62 kidney stone patients with a low urinary citrate excretion (hypocitraturia) of less than 320 mg/day, without any apparent cause. The incidence of hypocitraturia in 722 kidney stone patients followed up at our stone clinic was 14.6%. Among the 62 patients, 37 had an uncomplicated hypocitraturia as the sole abnormality, while 25 had other associated stone risk factors, including hypercalciuria in 11% (7/62), hyperuricosuria in 24% (15/62), hyperoxaluria in 5% (3/62) and hypomagnesuria in 24% (15/62). The rate of urinary stone recurrence was 38% (14/37) in uncomplicated hypocitraturia, and 52% (13/25) in complicated hypocitraturia, but no statistical difference was observed. Regarding the outcome of stones, more stones were managed with lithotripsy and more passed spontaneously in the hypocitraturic patients than in the control patients with normal urinary citrate excretion. The diagnosis of hypocitraturia complicated with additional stone risks urged us to treat patients more vigorously with lithotripsy and medication, resulting in a prompt cure.View full abstractDownload PDF (484K) -
HIROYUKI OHMURO, YASUHIKO TOMINO, SATOSHI HORIKOSHI, ISAO SHIRATO, SAC ...1993 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1259-1263
Published: November 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report here an adult case of nephrotic syndrome associated with hepatic glomerulosclerosis with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigen and diabetic nephropathy. To clarify the etiology of the nephrotic syndrome, we performed a renal biopsy and obtained the histological findings of hepatic glomerulosclerosis, glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and mesangial expansion. Electron dense deposits and deposits of IgA and C3 were also noted in the glomerular mesangial areas. Histological findings of diabetic nephropathy included thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and aneurysmal change of glomerular capillary walls in light microscopy. In immunofluorescence, linear staining of IgG was observed in the glomerular capillary walls, Bowman's capsules and tubular basement membranes. HCV was also detected focally in the glomerular capillary walls by immunofluorescence. Association of these two diseases has not been reported in any of the previous manuscripts that we reviewed. Thus, this patient seems to be a case of very rare association of the two diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (4899K) -
ERI MUSO, IKUKO TAMURA, MASATOMO YASHIRO, YOSHIO ASAKA, YOSHIZUMI KATA ...1993 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1265-1269
Published: November 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 61-year-old man with massive proteinuria and hyper γ globulinemia was admitted to hospital because of massive edema and pulmonary infection . He showed significantly high level of serum IgM (3244 mg/dl) with λtype M-protein and Bence Jones protein detected by immunoelectrophoresis . Renal biopsy specimen showed not only the diffuse amorphous amyloid deposition in mesangial area but global thickening of capillary wall with spike formation by silver staining which was similar to the spicular formation . Immunofluorescence disclosed find granular deposition of IgG and C3 along the capillary wall and the electromicroscopic findings clearly showed both massive amyloid fibril at mesangial area and diffuse epimembranous electron dense deposits. λ-type Bence Jones protein in macroglobulinemia was suggested not only the cause of renal amyloidosis but also the antigenic origin of membranous nephropathy in this case.View full abstractDownload PDF (4966K) -
MASAHIRO UNO, NAOKI YAMAMOTO, MANABU OKANO, AKIHIRO SAITO, TAKASHI DEG ...1993 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1271-1276
Published: November 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report an additional case of histopathologically confirmed xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a 9-year-old boy. He was admitted to hospital with a two-day history of sustained fever. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Results of a complete blood count and serum biochemical investigations showed slight anemia and positive C reactive protein. Culture of urine failed to grow any bacteria. Excretory urography revealed deformity of the right renal calyces. Computed tomography showed a focal area of low density in the right kidney. Nephrectomy was carried out as fever had been sustained despite intensive treatment with antibiotics. Sectioning revealed that the renal parenchyma had been replaced by a butter yellow nodule, which was histopathologically confirmed as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. This is the nineteenth reported case in children in Japan to our knowledge.View full abstractDownload PDF (4788K) -
HIROMICHI ISHIKAWA, YOSHIFUMI MATSUDA, SATORU KANEKO, TUNETADA YAZAKI, ...1993 Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 1277-1282
Published: November 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo forms of acidic arginine amidases were separated from human kidney extract using the techniques of basicion exchange adsorption and elution as well as lima bean trypsin inhibitor (LBTI) and aprotinin affinity adsorptions and elutions. The enzymes were tentatively named acidic human renal arginine amidase-L (AHRAA-L, with affinity to an LBTI column) and -A (AHRAA-A, with affinity to an aprotinin column). Both enzymes showed a similar molecular mass of approximately 3.0×104 daltons, differing from that of human renal kallikrein (HRK, molecularmass of 4.8×104 daltons). The specific activity of AHRAA-L and -A were 106 and 680 nmol/min/A280 of Val-Leu-Arg-pNA amidolysis, respectively, and they were strongly inhibited by LBTI and human urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), while ethylenglycol-bis(β-amino ethylether)-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) showed a weak or no effect on both enzymes.View full abstractDownload PDF (794K)
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