In order to promote the use of renewable and unused energy at the local level to achieve decarbonization, a local energy use plan that takes into account energy supply and demand balance on hourly basis and de-mand location necessary. Therefore, this study calculated the decarbonization effect by assuming heat supply scenarios of unused heat from waste incineration plant based on the future vision around the waste incineration plant, and analyzing the waste heat supply and demand on a monthly and hourly basis for a case study area, Koshigaya City, Saitama Prefecture. The results showed that by locating hospitals and greenhouses which have certain heat demand at night or in summer in the surroundings of the waste incineration plant, more unused heat can be utilized and the decarbonization effect by replacing fossil fuels can be larger.

 We aimed to determine the material flow of plastics used in marine fishery, which are considered to be one of the main source of plastic discharged into the ocean. Specifically, we attempted to estimate the purchase intensity of plastic products per catch by three major fishing methods in a fishiery association in Fukuoka Prefecture: medium-sized purse seine fishing, longline fishing, and angling fishing. From this study, we revealed that the purchased weight of all plastic products per ton of catch for each fishing method was 6 kg/t-catch for medium-sized purse seine fishing, 186 kg/t-catch for longline fishing, and 36kg/t-catch for angling fishing. Among above noted plastics, weight of the plastic fishing gears such as fighting net, hooks, lines and lures for 3 fishing methods were 2kg/t-catch, 94kg/t-catch, 7kg/t-catch respectively.

 Estimation of material stock of buildings in urban areas is important for recycling and proper disposal of resources. For the purpose of more accurate stock estimation, glasses and walls were extracted from images of building walls using a machine learning model of image recognition, and then calculated the percentage of glass in the walls based on the number of pixels in each. The classification of building structures based on the glass percentage showed that a threshold value of 67% is suitable for classifying steel-framed buildings with curtain walls. Classification result obtained from 262 buildings around Nagoya Station was used for stock estimation, and the result was compared with those calculated by the method proposed by previous study. The estimated amount of concrete decreased by 18% and the estimated amount of steel increased by 325%.

 At the offshore landfill sites, it takes a long time to stabilize the waste due to structural characteristics of the landfill site, so there is a problem that it is difficult to shift to post-closure land utilization. At the offshore landfill site, pre-treatment methods that reduce the leaching load of waste are being studied. On the other hand, it can be considered that the waste discharger on the upstream side of the offshore landfill site has a part of the responsibility for reducing the leaching load, so it is also necessary to take measures on the upstream side. Therefore, in this study, we calculated and compared the LCCs when leaching load control was performed upstream and downstream of the offshore landfill site. As a result, the amount of increase in LCC was 1,369 yen /t compared to the current situation when the treatment agent was changed to control the leaching load at the incineration facility on the upstream side of the offshore landfill site. The LCC increase was 989 yen/t when the classification treatment was carried out to control the leaghing load after receiving the waste at the offshore landfill site, and the LCC increase was 1,719 yen/t when the solidification crushing treatment was carried out. On the other hand, if the post-clorsure maintainance period of the offshore landfill site can be shortened by 20 years by leaching load control, total LCC was reduced in all cases.

 This study aims to determine the effects of population configuration differences on the goshawk habitat, such as land-use change, natural and productive capital selection, and density versus dispersal. The authors first propose a method to downscale habitat information from 10 km resolution to 5 km resolution by cluster analysis of the land cover area to construct a species distribution model. Next, to predict the effects of future land-use change, the authors build a species distribution model for the goshawk in the Kansai region using the proposed method. Finally, we applied the estimated land cover data for 2050 based on the BaU scenario and four future scenarios presented by PANCES to the species distribution model to estimate suitable habitat for the goshawk and compared the proper habitat for the BaU scenario and each scenario. As a result, the proposed method can estimate the distribution of goshawks with four times the spatial resolution. However, the kappa statistic of the non-downscaled species distribution model is slightly reduced due to increased uncertainty. The proposed method allows us to construct a model that reflects the goshawk ecology better than the centroid method. It is shown that the future land cover of Natural capital-based compact society scenario is most suitable for the goshawk habitat.

 In this study, we compared the riverbed environment and benthic communities at the upstream and down-stream locations of two flow-through dams, the Nishinotani Dam and the Masudagawa Dam. No changes in the downstream riverbed caused by a decrease in the supply of coarse-grained sediment downstream of the Masudagawa Dam and the Nishinotani Dam were observed at this time. On the other hand, a decrease in the percentage of gravel was observed downstream of the Nishinotani Dam. The benthos community structure in the reservoir was differentiated from that in the control site, with an increase in the population of the Net-spinners type, a decrease in the population of the Gliders type, and an increase in the population of the Burrowers type due to gravel deposition, caused by decreased sediment mobility in the reservoir. The population of the Case-bearers type decreased downstream of the Nishinotani Dam due to the decrease in small gravel. On the other hand, no decrease in the number of Case-bearers was observed downstream of the Masudagawa Dam, where the downstream supply of small gravel is considered to be stable.

 In order to clarify whether the biotope created in Naruto City functions as a feeding sites for storks, this study compared the amount of stork prey in a lotus root field and a biotope created with different numbers of storks flying to the field. Prey organisms were collected by scooping and plastic bottle traps. The results showed that the wet weight of prey organisms collected in the biotope was smaller than that in the lotus root fields, where the storks visited more frequently. The majority of organisms collected in the lotus root fields were non-native species such as American crayfish and bullfrogs. These organisms are the main food source for storks, but there is concern that they may have a negative impact on native ecosystems, for example, by preying on native species. In future biotope management, it is important to create an environment suitable for habitat of native species as well as to prevent the invasion and spread of non-native species.

 We conducted laboratory experiment on the floating fish-reef structure in order to create a refuge habitat for Tridentiger obscurus, a fish species inhabiting the eutrophic Amagasaki Canal year-round and this trends were verified on field experiment. We aimed to clarify the effects of fish-reef with interstices and floor structures that imitated the water bottom on the behavior of the Tridentiger obscurus. We made the fish reefs by attaching floor structure underneath the PVC pipes providing interstices. The tank experiment results showed that the preference of Tridentiger obscurus to the PVC pipes increased when the floor was attached, and the number of individuals swimming in the water de-creased. This trend was enhanced by extending the length of the floor. In the field experiment in the Amagasaki Canal, the fish reefs with floors and PVC pipes had the highest population of fish. The results insist that when creating habitat for Tridentiger obscurus with fish reefs, it is effective to install surface structure 6cm for the fish to stay on, in the lower front side of the interstice entrances.

 In recent years, there has been concern about the increase in flood risks due to climate change, and the revision of flood control plans towards climate change has become a severe challenge. In this study, in order to understand the changes in the risk that have already occurred, we quantitatively analyzed the trends of changes in heavy rainfall leading to flood damage at 58 class A river basins for which rainfall data have been continuously maintained for more than 30 years. Specifically, using rainfall observation data from the 58 basins, we conducted trend analysis on rainfall intensity and frequency by Mann-Kendall test for 1, 24, and 48-hour time units, both nationally and for each class A river system. The results showed an increasing trend both in the intensity and frequency of rainfall nationwide and in maximum annual rainfall with approximately 70% of class A river systems. In addition, there have already been rainfall more than the design rainfall at the 20 of the 45 class A river systems for which design rainfall are set, and the total frequency of the exceedances for the 45 river systems has also increased significantly.

 A distributed runoff model was constructed for the Seto Inland Sea, a semi-enclosed sea, to quantitatively evaluate the effects of changes in rainfall patterns and land use on freshwater inflow into each sea over the past 30 years. The results showed no significant linear trend in annual precipitation and freshwater inflow. On the other hand, short-term runoff due to heavy rainfall increased in all seas after around 2010, especially in the eastern areas such as Osaka Bay, Harima-nada, and Bisan Seto. With the change in land use, the discharge and runoff rate increased in all seas, especially in the central area (Aki-nada, Hiuchi-nada, and Bingo-nada) where the urbanization rate was high, and the discharge increased by about 10 %. These results suggest that it is important to consider not only changes in rainfall patterns associated with climate change but also changes in land use when predicting future flow and water quality in the Seto Inland Sea.

 To grasp the local government's perceptions about climate-change impacts and implementation status of adaptation measures, a questionnaire survey was conducted to the environmental divisions of 47 prefectures and 1,741 municipalities, and 1,098 valid responses were gained. As for the severity recognition of climatechange impacts, the severity recognitions of heavy rain, increase in annual average temperature, and heat wave were high nationwide. By field, the severity recognitions of agriculture, river disasters, mountain disasters, and heat stroke were high. Based on these differences in recognition by field, the local governments were categorized into six clusters. For climate-change adaptation, about half of the respondents answered that they "heard it for the first time" or "not familiar with it", indicating that the awareness of climate-change adaptation is low. The formulation rate of climate-change adaptation plan and the establishment rate of adaptation center were extremely low; however, in the clusters that showed higher perceptions about climate-change impact severities, the recognition of adaptation and the status of adaptation plans and center establishment were higher than in other types. As specific adaptation measures, while many softtype measures have been taken, hardware measures have not progressed. More than 70% of the local governments answered that they lacked the budget, experience, and cooperation with experts for adaptation measures, and it was considered to be an issue for promoting adaptation measures in local governments.

 Fluvial flood and pluvial flood will increase due to climate change caused by global warming, and so it is necessary to take preventive measures in Japan. The authors have previously developed a risk assessment system for urban inundation countermeasures. However, this system has a problem in evaluating the vulnerability of road traffic obstacles, which is improved. As a result of applying this system, there is almost no difference in the risk assessment results between the current scenario and the 2-degree scenario. On the other hand, there is a difference in the results of risk assessment between the current scenario and the 4-degree scenario, and it is clarified that the risk increases in the case of the 4-degree scenario. It is shown that the improved system can also be applied to the planning of urban inundation countermeasures in consideration of climate change.

 Water supply is an essential lifeline for civil life and socioeconomic activities. In preparation for an impending great disaster, it is necessary to realize a tough water supply system by not only improving earthquake-resistant, but also enabling rapid restoration after the disaster. The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation method for emergency restoration strategies that can evaluate not only the population of water outage and firefighting functions but also the economic opportunity loss of the region during the daily restoration process. Discrete damage estimation method was used to estimate the probabilistic damage locations on the actual pipe network. In one of the damage scenarios, the number of restoration days was calculated by the emergency restoration model, the pipe network was analyzed reflecting the pipe damage, and the restoration process of the water cut population, firefighting function, and economic activity in the region was calculated by numerical analysis using the economic opportunity loss evaluation model. As a result, it was shown that the method developed in this study can be used to examine emergency recovery strategies from a comprehensive perspective that combines the civil life and economic activities.

 The purpose of this study is to statistically analyze the changes in the usage of domestic water in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and other relavant factors. In this analysis, the results of a questionnaire survey on water use and the basic unit water volume of each household were used. Specifically, focusing on the ratio of the basic unit water volume in FY2020 (during COVID-19) to FY2019 (before COVID-19), households larger than the standard are referred to as "high group" and households smaller than the standard are referred to as "low group". The binary variables were set as outcomes, and statistical tests of differences and logistic regression analysis were performed. As a result of the analysis, it was clarified that the "change in the number of washings" and "change in the number of cooking for dinner" contributed largely to the group with a high water volume ratio. It was also determined that higher changes in the water volume ratio tended to occur in households that did not include the elderly (65 years old or older) as family members.

 This study conducted an experiment focusing on the evaluation of generalization performance of the water leakage detection model proposed in the previous studies. The target model was a convolutional neural network-based model with the image data obtained through recurrence plot as the input information. This experiment used the actual leak sounds obtained at ten different observation points. Multiple combinations of training data were created for the leak detection models. The models were then evaluated by assessing their generalization performance against the unlearned actual water leakage sound. As a result of the experiment, the "two-point model", which used the observation data of two points for learning, achieved high accuracy of about 90%; however, some cases with accuracy less than 50% were also confirmed. On the other hand, it was found that the "8-point models" had high generalization performance and were able to obtain an accuracy of at least 80% for 7 of the 10 observation points.

 An Internet questionnaire was conducted to determine the effects of the provision of information on public awareness regarding the drinking water supply. We targeted a total of 700 young people in their 20s and 30s, whose awareness of water supply services is particularly low compared to other age groups. The results indicated that information provision enhanced a sense of ownership, awareness of drinking water supply sustainability, and increased interest in 51.4% of the experimental group. A relationship was found between interest and recognition of water supply service, indicating the importance of raising interest, especially among those with no interest. Conversely, we found that information provision led to both agreement and disagreement on strengthening the financial basis of water utilities. We also found that people do not always understand the fact of a decrease in water tariff income due to the declining population as a risk. Furthermore, by analyzing free description of the reason for acceptance of the water tariff increase, we showed the contents of the PR that should be emphasized in the future.

 In order to ensure high migration rate in fishways, it is necessary to understand the optimal shape of the fishway. In this study, effects of bottom transverse slope of pool-and-weir fishway on migration rate of Opsariichthys platypus were investigated by changing the transverse slope and the flow velocity over the notch. As a result, migration rate of Opsariichthys platypus increases with an increase of the flow velocity when the transverse slope is positive. This indicates that the fish prefer to orient in the high depth and low flow velocity zone before migration, and that the distance between the notch and orientation area is close.

 Treetop detection was conducted at a dense bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis) forest using local maximum filtering (LMF) with a circular window under a high-resolution digital surface model (DSM) via UAV images. Optimal window size (WS) was evaluated based on applications in some WS cases. Treetop detection results showed that the highest F-value was obtained in 0.5-m WS, with a detection accuracy that was relatively higher than that of a previous study, although in a denser bamboo forest. Thus, high-resolution DSM and an appropriate WS are important factors for accurate treetop detection by LMF.

 The project discussed in this study is a community co-creation paper circulation project using a dry office paper machine. This dry office paper machine is expected to contribute to a significant reduction in environmental impact and contribute to the SDGs through employment of people with disabilities and education at nearby schools. For this project, this study will be conducted using a method that sup-ports the social return on investment (SROI) framework as an SDGs evaluation method. By calculating the SROI value, the social impact is evaluated and the contribution to the achievement of the SDGs is assessed. In this study, the SROI value was estimated to be 3.05, which is about three times the social value of one investment. The evaluation framework is characterized by the fact that it presents an eval-uation framework that takes into account the effects of environmental aspects, and that it was able to in-clude the effects of SDGs education in the evaluation framework by utilizing a questionnaire survey.

 This study aims to extract the key factors influencing the development of EIPs by collating the relevant literature on industrial symbiosis, particularly those that have focused on their interrelationship with Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs), and subsequently develop an analytical framework that enables international comparison. In order to verify the applicability of the analytical framework, this study examines three EIPs, one from the Kitakyushu Eco-Town in Japan and two from the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area and the Tianjin Ziya Economic Technological Development Area in China. The study positioned the three EIPs based on the classification of the strategies and measures of the management ministry and the actual situation of the EIPs; the symbiotic state of the three EIPs was clarified by the visualization of the symbiotic relationship of the stakeholders based on the stakeholder map. The results highlight that strategic interventions and support from the state, the autonomies (local governments), and the management at the EIP level (management boards), as well as measures formed by autonomous organizations within the park, play an effective role in industrial symbiosis, and the results clarify that these are effective for industrial symbiosis.

 Although the promotion of eco-driving is positioned by the government as a way to reduce CO₂ emissions, few concrete programs exist. The Green Eco Project and Freight Transportation Evaluation Program, an eco-driving promotion program for freight vehicles in Tokyo, are the few concrete programs that have not been validated. This study verified the effectiveness of the system through traffic flow simulation and analysis of the evaluation values of the Freight Transportation Evaluation Program, and examined measures to increase the CO₂ reduction effect. The results indicate that the eco-driving should be varied depending on the road conditions, with emphasis on controlling the maximum speed. In addition, it was suggested that the Freight Transportation Evaluation Program should support low-ranked operators who tend to leave the program, and that it is desirable to reflect the differences in the materials handled in the vehicle classification, since operators who handle food, waste, and general materials tend to be rated low in spite of their vehicle classification.

 From 2020 to 2021, Japan's GHG reduction targets were revised, and in 2030 it was decided to reduce by 46% from 2013, and to aim for a decarbonized society by 2050. In particular, the household sector is required to reduce GHG emissions by 66% in 2030, and to significantly reduce GHG in a relatively short period of time. In this study, GHG emissions by 2050 is estimated, assuming the factors that are said to be important for achieving this goal, that is, the promotion of energy conservation and electrification. As a result, even if the emission factor of electricity is significantly reduced as planned and electrification is promoted in various household applications, it is not easy to achieve the reduction target in 2030, and demand needs to be reduced by nearly 10% compared to the present.

 In this study, in order to clarify the feasibility of introducing a renewable energy electricity utilization model centering on solar power in horticulture, two business models with different orientations (fully independent power generation and power independence-oriented) were assumed and their feasibility was evaluated. In the feasibility assessment, multiple cases were set up for estimating PV procurement price changes associated with economies of scale and future cost reductions, policy inducements including the use of regional power source programs and the J-credit system, PV installed capacity, EHP price, and fuel oil price parameters. As a result, it was confirmed that the fully independent electricity generation model has a negative IRR and is not a feasible business model, while the electricity independence-oriented model can achieve an IRR of 13.5% or more if several conditions are met, making it an effective business model. It is also clear that the price of fuel oil has a significant impact on business feasibility in all assumed business models, and that the procurement price of ESS equipment accounts for a large proportion of the total cost.

 In this study, we estimated the business feasibility and ripple effects on the local economy of linking a woody biomass utilization system, including trigeneration, with a workcation base facility. In this estimation, three systems (less than 500 kW scale) with different fuel types, gasification methods, and energy recovery methods were combined, and a comparison case was set up in which a workcation facilities was assumed to be installed as a heat supply destination. The results of the analysis showed that the cogeneration system (Case1-a, Case1-b) was more effective than the trigeneration system (Case2-a), with an IRR of more than 10% and a PP of less than 10 years. In terms of spillover effects on the local economy, Case 2-a was shown to generate the most spillover effects on the local economy. On the other hand, Case 1-a has the highest IRR (19.9%) including the spillover effect on the local economy. In addition, the regional cash flows for each of the comparison cases were identified to understand the structure of the project. In addition, the study shows the issues and areas for improvement due to data limitations, and provides directions for addressing these issues.

 Local communities are facing a severe financial situation due to rapid population decline and other factors. In this study, we propose a wide-area and cooperative scenario in which municipalities in a block cooperate with each other, taking the opportunity of the renewal of several waste incineration facilities and combining the functional conversion of existing treatment facilities to relay facilities and the introduction of biogas facilities, beyond the mere consolidation of conventional wide-area blocks, for the Kinokawa River Basin. The GHG reduction effect and business feasibility were evaluated. As a result of the analysis, it is important for each entity to introduce methane fermentation facilities and waste transfer stations at the waste treatment sites, and to establish a cooperative system for centralized waste treatment at waste treatment facilities with high power generation efficiency inside and outside the wide-area block. In addition, it was quantitatively shown that GHG reduction effects and business feasibility can be improved if such a cooperative system can be established.

 Raptor surveys for environmental assessment and other purposes are conducted mainly by field surveys and observation. However, the surveys are labor-intensive, and there are also issues such as missing findings. In this study, as an efficient and effective raptor survey tool, we developed a system (Sound radar) that estimates the location of goshawks Accipiter gentilis by automatically identifying and extracting their calls from audio data recorded at multiple locations. The calls of goshawks were classified into three patterns (i.e., warning, begging, and juvenile), which were determined by decision tree analysis based on spectrogram (voice pattern) characteristics. The location of individuals was estimated by solving a ternary simultaneous equation based on the planar coordinates and sound pressure levels at four points using the distance decay equation for sound. The fit rate (correct response rate) of the call discrimination ranged from 0.8 to 0.9 for the training data and from 0.5 to 0.8 for the validation data. The estimated locations by Sound radar and the results of field confirmation were generally in agreement.