In order to make clear the behavior of surface active molecules at oil/water interfaces, the interfacial tension was measured as a function of temperature, pressure, and concentration and analyzed by the thermodynamic equations derived. By measuring the interfacial tension between oil and water, the entropy, volume, and energy of interface formation were found to have positive values which are attributed to the repulsive intermolecular interaction between oil and water. Measurements of the interfacial tension of the oil solutions of surface active substances against water led us to the conclusion that the adsorption of surface active molecules at oil/water interfaces is accompanied by decreases in entropy, volume, and energy. Further, the affinity of oil to water was observed to affect the adsorption behavior of surface active molecules.

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The gas permeation characteristic of asymmetric polyimide membrane under high temperature was examined using an apparatus made for measuring the permeation rate of gas through the membrane with a constant increase of temperature.
The deterioration, that is, decrease of the permeation rate, was observed at about 220°C and at about 290°C. The deterioration mechanism was discussed on the basis of informations obtained by means of TG and TMA.

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Ceramics have been closely connected with thermal analysis since the first application of DTA was done to the analysis of clay minerals by Lechatelier.
In this paper, first the relationship between ceramics processing and thermal analysis, and application of thermal analysis for traditional ceramics were described. In comparing XRD with thermal analysis, the characterization of some ceramics such as glasses, amorphous materials, absorption phenomena, impurity analysis, complex clays, etc, was considerably difficult with XRD, but thermal analysis seems to be useful in these fields. And the important roles of XRD, SEM and thermal analysis were discussed in ceramics.
A few examples of the actual application for ceramics were shown. e.g., the application for the controll of ceramic manufacturing processes, the analysis of the ceramic raw materials under the high gases pressures, the sintering process by High temperature Isostatic Pressing (HIP), etc.
It is claimed in this paper that the systematic application of thermal analysis to ceramics, especialy to characterization techniques, is very important and should be established.

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